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1、Unit 12 Life is full of the unexpected单元语法小专题Grammar Focus1过去完成时一、过去完成时的概念及结构1.概念：过去完成时表示在过去的某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作，即表示“过去的过去”。2.结构：主语+had+动词过去分词(done)肯定句：主语+had+动词过去分词+其他.否定句：主语+had+not+动词过去分词+其他.一般疑问句：had+主语+动词过去分词+其他+?肯定回答：Yes,主语+had；否定回答：No,主语+hadnt.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（had+主语+过去分词+其他）被动语态：主语+had(not)
2、 +been+动词过去分词+其他二、主要用法1. 过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去”。如： When I woke up, it had stopped raining. 我醒来时，雨已经停了。（主句的动作发生在“过去的过去”） 2. 过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是“过去的过去”，只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。如： He told me that he had written a new book. (had written 发生在 told 之前 ) 3. 过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去
3、时间而独立存在。此时多与 already ， yet ， still ， just ， before ， never 等时间副词及 by ， before ， until 等引导的短语或从句连用。如： Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten. 彼得到10岁的时候已经收集了300多张中国邮票。4. 过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而且动作尚未结束，仍然有继续下去的可能。如： By the end of last year, he had worked
4、 in the factory for twenty years. （ had worked 已有了 20 年，还有继续进行下去的可能）三、与现在完成时的区别现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，以now的时间为基点，但侧重对now产生的结果或造成的影响；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，以过去时间为基点，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。比较：I have learned 1000 English words so far.到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。I had learned 1000 English words till
5、 then.到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。同步语法强化训练.用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1.By the time I reached home, my mother _ (cook) supper already.2.Catherine _ (finish)the letter before her mother came into her bedroom.3.The train _ (leave)when I got to the station.4.The little girl _ (lie)in bed for almost a month since she _
6、 (fall)sick.5.By the end of last year he _ (learn) 3，000 English words.6.It was the third time that the girl_ (invite)him.7.I _ (not find)the dog until last night.8.He told his mother that he _ (run)out of money to buy new clothes.9.He told me that he _ (write)a new book.10.I suddenly remembered tha
7、t I _ (leave)the key in my classroom when I _ (get)home yesterday.按要求改写句子，每空一词。11.By the time she got up,her mother had gone to work.(对画线部分提问)_ _her mother_by the time she got up?12.When I got home,my mother had cooked dinner.(改为否定句)When I got home,my mother_ _dinner.13.The train had left when I got
8、 to the station.(改为一般疑问句)_the train _ when you got to the station?14.John had never seen the film before.(改为反意疑问句)John had never seen the film before, _ _?15.She had already finished her homework.(改为否定句)She_ _ her homework yet.单元语法小专题Grammar Focus.1.had cooked 2.had finished 3.had left 4.had lain; fell 5.had learned/learnt 6.had invited 7.hadnt found 8.had run 9.had written 10.had left; got.11.What had; done 12.hadnt cooked 13.Had;left 14.had he 15.hadnt finished
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