2019高考英语一轮基础梳理与练习Unit2Cloning含解析新人教版选修8.doc

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1、Unit 2Cloning李仕才【短文语法填空】The MidAutumn Festival in China has nothing, or at least very little, to do 1. autumn. Its about time off work, and the gift that few seem to eat but people keep giving to one another：mooncakes.I 2. (learn) about mooncakes when I moved to Chinas capital city, Beijing. When th

2、e MidAutumn Festival came around, the city was 3. (live) especially with shopping for mooncakes. Every grocery store seemed to have lines of people 4. (carry) that single item(商品) to the counter. I asked my Chinese friends about mooncakes, and 5. majority of them said that few people actually ate th

3、em. Instead，6. (regard) as gifts, theyre chosen for family, friends or coworkers.When years later I moved back to New York City, I didnt expect to find any public 7. (celebrate) of the MidAutumn Festival. But Ive been surprised at the ways the festival continues in at least the citys 8. (heavy) Chin

4、ese neighborhoods. For weeks before the MidAutumn Festival, Brooklyns Chinatown，9. I live, looks a little like Beijing with people running in and out of Chinese bakeries, or standing in line at Chinese grocery stores to buy mooncakes.It looks like Chinese culture can 10. (preserve) while adapting to

5、 changing circumstances.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在北京居住时，发现中秋节前，尽管很少吃月饼，但人们仍喜欢买月饼送人。回到纽约后，作者发现纽约的中国人也这样做。作者由此发出感慨：似乎中国文化在适应变化中的环境时能被保存下来。1with解析：考查介词。中国的中秋节和秋天没有或者说几乎没有一点关系。它是关于休息和似乎很少人吃但是人们仍然互相赠送的礼物“月饼”的。 have nothing/something to do with.“和无关/有关”，是固定搭配。2learned/learnt解析：考查动词的时态。当我搬到中国的首都北京时，我了解了关于月饼的一些情况。主

6、从句的动作几乎是同时发生的，从句用了一般过去时，故主句也用一般过去时。3lively解析：考查形容词。空处作表语，且意为“气氛热闹的，熙熙攘攘的”，故用形容词 lively。4carrying解析：考查非谓语动词。每个杂货店似乎都排着队伍，队伍中满是拿着月饼向柜台走去的人。分析句子结构可知，people 后是非谓语动词作定语，people 与 carry 之间是主谓关系，且此处表示动作正在进行，故用现在分词作定语。5the解析：考查冠词。the majority of 是固定搭配，意为“中的大多数”，故填the。6regarded解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知， as gifts 作状

7、语，根据固定搭配 be regarded as “被视为”和 they(指代 mooncakes) 与 regard 之间的动宾关系可知，此处应该用过去分词作状语。7celebration(s)解析：考查名词。根据空前的any public 和空后的 of 可知，空处应该填名词 celebration(s)“庆祝活动”。8heavily解析：考查副词。此处表示“至少在这个城市有大量中国人的社区”。空处修饰形容词Chinese，且表示“大量地，在很大程度上”，故用副词 heavily。9where解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是 Brooklyns Chi

8、natown，表示地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用 where。10be preserved解析：考查动词的语态。似乎中国文化在适应变化中的环境时能被保存下来。 preserve “保存，保留”，是及物动词，故此处用被动语态。(对应学生用书P188)一高考单词识记思考运用1核心词汇differ vi.不同；相异 _different_ adj.不同的；与众不同的 _difference_ n差异；不同_undertake_ (undertook；undertaken)vt.着手；从事；承担_cast_ vt.扔；投；掷 _cast_ /_cast_ (过去式/过去分词)object vi.

9、反对；不赞成 n物体；目标 _objection_ n不赞成；反对；异议_obtain_ vt.获得；赢得retire vi.退休；离开 _retirement_ n退休bother vt.打扰 vi.操心 n烦扰 _bothersome_ adj.引起麻烦的，困扰人的_strike_ (struck/struck) vi.& vt.& n打；撞击；罢工_resist_ vt.抵抗；对抗2常考词汇attain vt._获得；达到(水平、年龄、状况等)_accumulate vt.& vi._积累；聚积_procedure n_程序；步骤；手续_adore vt._崇拜；爱慕；喜爱_forbid

10、 (forbade/forbad，forbidden)vt._禁止；不准_medium n(pl.media) _媒介；手段；工具_用所给单词的适当形式填空1Thats _exactly_ (exact) what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County，California，where 22 measles (麻疹) cases were reported this month，to Brooklyn，N.Y.，where a 17yearold caused an outbreak

11、last year.(2017北京卷)2I have my doubts that anyone has actually followed the _procedures_ (procedure) strictly.(2017天津卷)3This combination of healing myself and healing the world _struck_ (strike) me as the perfect solution.(2017天津卷)4You may have the opportunity to make your biggest _difference_ (diffe

12、r) when youre older.But why not start now？(2016四川卷)5Instead，babies may form an understanding of _object_ (objective) support through repeated experiments.(2016浙江卷)6The Thames has many islands.Miranda _has undertaken_ (undertake) a review of all of them.(2015全国卷)7The early morning sees the arrival of

13、 large trucks with tomatoesofficial fightstarters get things going by _casting_ (cast) tomatoes at the crowd.(2015福建卷)8One of the projects was to build a clay pot，but I built mine _incorrectly_ (correct)，so it broke in the kiln (窑)(2015湖南卷)“完全地”全掌握altogether 总共；完全地entirely 彻底地，完全地completely 完全地；圆满地，

14、全面地totally 完全地；总共快速掌握“获得”家族receive 收到，得到(信、命令、请帖等)；接受(欢迎，请愿等)get 获得；赚得；赢得obtain 得到，获得；达到(目的)acquire 获得；招致；学得；养成(习惯等)gain 获得；赢得，打胜(战争、官司)be available 可以得到的，可以买到的“职场经历”的高频词速记apply vt.& vi.申请appoint vt.任命；委派dismiss vt.免的职；解雇；开除fire vt.开除；解雇interview vt.接见；采访；面试promote vt.提升；晋升resign vi.辞职 vt.辞去retire v

15、i.退休；离开带后缀ology的相关词汇集锦biology n生物学geology n地理学ecology n生态学psychology n心理学sociology n社会学technology n技术；工艺zoology n动物学archaeology n考古学【完形填空】It was 3 am，a cold and wet night，on August 21,2010.I had just left a local club to travel ten kilometers home when I lost _1_ of my car on Grand Junction Road in

16、Hope Valley.I _2_ into a still car that was _3_ in front of a house，and then hit a tree.I was badly injured！_4_ still，I had no idea that a fire had started _5_ the bonnet (引擎盖)of my car._6_ in the car behind me was a young man，who I later found out was called Jared.He saw the accident occur and _7_

17、to help me out of the car.He put his own life in _8_ when he got into the back seat trying to undo my seat belt.With my seat belt _9_ ，Jared then broke the drivers window to drag me out.He _10_ did this while my car was burning._11_ by the crash，the homeowners came out to investigate(调查)Jared told t

18、hem to ring emergency services _12_ he continued to help me out of the car.I _13_ my life to Jared and I consider him a good friend due to the _14_ bond created on the night he dragged me to safety.I was rushed to the Royal Adelaide Hospital in a _15_ condition，five bones broken.I spent a few weeks

19、in hospital，during which time Jared visited me to see how I was _16_.He also continued to contact me after I returned home.He says he doesnt believe that he did anything special.On that，I _17_ disagree with him and am very glad that he didnt get hurt in the _18_.Today，nearly seven years later，Jared

20、and I still _19_ and often talk about the events of that night.Jared is my _20_ and my friend.1A.balance BsightCinterest Dcontrol2A.got BsteppedCcrashed Dhid3A.kept BparkedCfound Dstood4A.Worse BLuckilyCClearly DBadly5A.off BunderCnear Dbeyond6A.Sitting BSleepingCDriving DWaiting7A.stopped BfailedCh

21、appened Dhesitated8A.practice BhandCsafety Ddanger9A.renewed BundoneCrepaired Dfastened10A.hardly BgraduallyCbravely Dnaturally11A.Annoyed BDraggedCWarned DWoken12A.while BalthoughCuntil Dsince13A.devote BoweCtake Dsave14A.bloody BsocialCspecial Dloose15A.nervous BpleasantCnormal Dserious16A.recover

22、ing BoperatingCstruggling Drelaxing17A.eventually BexactlyCtotally Dprobably18A.spot BprocessCway Dchallenge19A.take care Bfit inCdrop in on Dkeep in touch20A.angel BownerCdoctor Ddriver【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。七年前的一个夜晚，“我”的车失控撞到前面的车辆和树木，然后起火，“我”受了重伤，“我”后边的车里的年轻人勇敢将“我”从车里救出来并把“我”送到医院。“我”康复后和那个年轻人成了好朋友。1D考查名词辨

23、析。根据下文中的“hit a tree”可推知，“我”的车失控了。lose control of.为固定短语，意为“对失去控制”，符合语境。故选D。2C考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“hit a tree.I was badly injured！”可推知，“我”撞上了一辆车。“crash into”为固定短语，意为“撞上”。故选C。3B考查动词辨析。根据本句中的“a still car”和空格后的“in front of a house”可推知，“我”撞上了一辆停在房子前面的车。B项意为“停放(汽车等)”，符合语境。故选B。4A考查副词辨析。根据本句中的“I had no idea that a

24、fire had started.”可推知，撞车本来就是一件很糟糕的事，而着火则令事情更加糟糕。worse still意为“更糟糕的是”，符合语境。故选A。5B考查介词辨析。根据本句中的“the bonnet(引擎盖)of my car”可推知，车的引擎盖下面着火了，而作者并不知情。B项意为“在下面”，符合语境。故选B。6C考查动词辨析。根据下文“He saw the accident occur.”及语境可知，这个年轻人目击了这起事故；由此可推知，他当时应该是在我后面开车。故选C。7A考查动词辨析。根据下文所描述的这个年轻人救“我”的过程可推知，此处是指他停下自己的车然后把“我”从车里救出来

25、。stop to do sth.意为“停下来去做某事”，符合语境。故选A。8D考查名词辨析。根据上文可知，“我”的车撞到了一辆车并起火；由此可推知，这个年轻人是冒着生命危险将“我”从车里拽出来的。put.in danger为固定搭配，意为“将置于危险之中”。故选D。9B考查动词辨析。根据上一段中的“when he got into the back seat trying to undo my seat belt”可推知，他先解开了我的安全带。B项意为“解开，松开”，符合语境。故选B。10C考查副词辨析。根据本句中的“while my car was burning”可推知，当时车还在着火，所

26、以将“我”从车里拽出来很危险，他的这个行为很勇敢。C项意为“勇敢地”，符合语境。故选C。11D考查动词辨析。根据文章第一句中的“It was 3 am, a cold and wet night”可知，此处指这家人被这场事故吵醒。D项意为“弄醒，醒来”，符合语境。故选D。12A考查连词辨析。句意为：Jared告诉他们打急救电话，同时继续把“我”从车中拽出来。while意为“与同时”，强调两件事同时发生。故选A。13B考查动词辨析。此处指“我”能活下来是因为Jared。 owe.to.为固定用法，意为“将归功于”。故选B。14C考查形容词辨析。根据本句中的“created on the nigh

27、t he dragged me to safety”可知，此处是指在Jared救“我”的那晚我们就建立了特殊的联系。C项意为“特别的”，符合语境。故选C。15D考查形容词辨析。根据本句中的“five bones broken”可知，“我”被送往医院时断了五根骨头；由此可推知，“我”的伤势很严重。D项意为“严重的”，符合语境。故选D。16A考查动词辨析。根据语境及常识可知，Jared来医院是看“我”恢复得怎么样了。A项意为“康复，恢复”，符合语境。故选A。17C考查副词辨析。根据前一句“He says he doesnt believe that he did anything special.

28、”可知，他认为自己并没有做什么特别的事情。而“我”在这一点上完全不同意他的看法，因为他救了“我”的命。C项意为“完全地，全部地”，符合语境。故选C。18B考查名词辨析。此处是指“我”很庆幸他在营救“我”的过程中没有受伤。B项意为“过程”，符合语境。故选B。19D考查动词短语辨析。根据本句中的“often talk about the events of that night”可知，多年后我们仍然保持着联系。D项意为“保持联系”，符合语境。故选D。20A考查名词辨析。根据上文可知，Jared救过“我”的命，因此“我”觉得他是“我”的天使、“我”的朋友。A项意为“天使”，符合语境。故选A。二重点短

29、语识记思考运用1动词介词(副词)pay _off_ 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清cast _down_ 沮丧；不愉快object _to_ 反对owe._to_.把归功于2in名词(of)in favour _of_ 赞成；支持_in_ vain 白费力气；枉费心机_in_ good/poor condition 状况很好/坏；情况很好/坏3其他形式(be) bound _to_ (do).一定或注定(做)strike._into_ ones heart 使刻骨铭心from time _to_ time 不时；偶尔bring back _to_ life 使复生；使复活用左栏所给短语的适当形式填

30、空1As an inexperienced teacher，I tried every means to get them to be quiet，but _in vain_，my panic was rising and I could feel my heart beating wildly.(2015湖南卷)2The doctor did all he could to _bring him back to life_.3We _are bound to_ meet with difficulties in carrying out this research.4Frank won th

31、e first prize in the national English competition，and his efforts at last _paid off_.5I have told her about our plan，and she is _in favour of_ it.6He _was cast down_ because he was scolded.7Traffic accidents happen _from time to time_ on this road.8Mountain Tai _struck_ its beauty _into her heart_ a

32、nd she decided to visit it again the next year.“动词副词”回顾再记break down 坏掉；分解；垮下来break up 打碎；分解bring down 使降低，使下降come out 出现，出版，结果是cut down 砍倒；削减get over 克服make out 辨认出put away 收起；储存set aside 拨出；置于一旁set off 出发，引爆“in名词of”常用搭配in honor of 为纪念in charge of 负责，掌管in terms of 依据，根据in praise of 赞扬in favor of 支持，

33、赞同in need of 需要三佳句选粹在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通背原句学句型练仿写1.Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。then位于句首，句子用全部倒装语序。that引导同位语从句。接着传来了屠呦呦，一位女科学家，获得诺贝尔奖的令人兴奋的消息。_Then came the exciting news that_ Tu Youyou，a woman scientist，won the Nobel Prize.2.What do you think is the writ

34、ers point of view in this reading passage?你认为这篇阅读材料中作者的观点是什么？本句结构为“疑问词插入语其他部分”。这本书中你认为哪一部分最有趣？_Which part of this book do you think_ is the most interesting？3.The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die.其优点是如果发生某种新的疾病，这类动物中的一些可能会死掉The advantage is that.“其优点是”，that引导

35、表语从句。骑自行车上班的优势是我们可以过一种低碳生活。_The advantage of cycling to work is that_ we can live a lowcarbon life.【七选五】Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries. 1 In general, they can expect to live six or seven years more than men. One reason for this is biological.One important

36、 biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women. 2 Between the ages of about 12 and 50, women produce hormones that are involved in fertility(生育能力). These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and blood flow. In fact, women are less lik

37、ely to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks. 3 They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections. This means that women generally ger sick less often and less seriously than men. The common cold is a good example: women, on average, get fewer colds than men. 4 Scient

38、ists are still not exactly sure how influence aging, but they believe that they do. Some think that a womans body cells have a tendency(倾向) to age more slowly than a mans. Others think that a mans body cells have a tendency to age more quickly . 5 A. However,women,onaverage,livelonger.B. Thebiologic

39、alfactorplaysanimportantpart. C.Womenarealsohelpedbytheirfemalegenes. D.Thefemalehormonesalsoprotectthebodyinanotherway. E.Recentresearchseemstosupportbothofthesepossibilities. F.Therefore,womenaremorehealthythanmenandcanliveabetterlife. G.Hormonesarechemicalswhichareproducedbythebodytocontrolcariousbodyfunctions.【语篇解读】本文介绍了女性比男性寿命长的原因。1.A 根据空格下一句 一般说，女性比男性多活6到7年可知此处的意思是：然而，女性平均比男性寿命更长。故选A。2.G 根据空格上句男性和女性之间荷尔蒙的不同帮助女性活得更久可知此空的意思是：荷尔蒙是身体分泌的控制身体各种功能的化学物质。故选G。3.D 根据下句它们帮助身体本身抵抗各种感染可知此空的意思是：女性荷尔蒙也用另一种方式保护身体。故选D。5.E 根据空格前两句一些人认为女性的身体细胞有比男性老化慢的倾向，另一些人认为男性的身体细胞有老化较快的倾向可知E项最近的研究似乎支持这两种可能符合题意。故选E。 11