八年级下册英语人教版知识要点汇总.docx

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1、八年级上册知识点Unit 1 Whats the matter?单元目标1. 学会谈论健康问题，健康状况（Talk about your health）2. 能够辨认身体部位。（parts of the body）3. 能够提供建议（Give advice）重点词汇1. head 头2. neck 颈部3. back后背4. leg腿5. arm手6. hand手7. foot脚8. nose鼻子9. eye眼睛10. ear耳朵11. mouth嘴12. tooth牙齿13. stomach胃14. headache 头痛15. toothache 牙痛16. stomachache 胃痛1

2、7. fever 发烧18. backache 后背痛19. sore throat咽部疼痛20. tired累的21. thirsty口渴的22. hungry饿的23. dentist牙医重点短语1. have a stomachache胃痛2. have a cold感冒3. lie down躺倒4. take ones temperature给某人量体温5. have a fever发烧6. go to a doctor看医生7. get off离开，出发8. to ones surprise令某人惊讶的是第6页9. agree to (do sth)同意做某事10. get into

3、 trouble陷入麻烦11. fall down摔打，12. thanks to幸亏，由于13. in time及时14. give up放弃15. be interested in对感兴趣16. make a decision做决定17. cut off砍到，切碎重点句型1. Whats the matter?怎么了？2. I have a stomachache.我胃痛。3. What should I do?我应该做什么？4. I think you should lie down and rest.我认为你应该躺下休息5. If your head and neck still hu

4、rt tomorrow,then go to a doctor.如果你的头和脖子明天仍然痛，那么去看医生吧。6. He hurt himself in P.E class.他在体育课上伤害了自己。语法难点情态动词 should(1) should 作情态动词时，表示责任和义务，含义是“应该：应当”，可用于各种人称。如：What do you think I should do? 你认为我应该做些什么？(2) should 可用来表示推测和估计，常译成“按说应该”。如：I think she should arrive home by now. 我想她此刻应该回家了。高频考点(3) should

5、 与 how，why，what 等词连用，多表达惊讶、意外等情绪。如：How should I know? 我怎么知道？1. How to talk about our health .问某人哪儿不舒服。When we are not feeling well , we often go to see the doctor . The doctor will ask : Whats wrong (with you) ?Whats the matter (with you) ? Whats your trouble ?What happens to you ?(Is there) anythin

6、g wrong with you ?都表示“你怎么了”。叙述病情。There is something wrong with my tooth .我的牙出问题了。Doctor , Im not feeling well .我感觉不好，医生。I feel terrible .我感觉糟透了。I feel very ill .我感觉病得很重。This place hurts . (Ive got a pain here)这个地方疼。My leg hurts .我腿疼。I dont feel like eating .我不想吃东西。I have a cold .我感冒了。I have a fever

7、.我发烧了。I have a headache .我头疼。处置或提出建议：1) Open your mouth , please . 张开嘴。I want to take your temperature .我想测测你的体温。2) Take this medicine three times a day .这个药一天吃三次。3) Take three pills before you go to bed .睡前服用三片。4) Youd better stay in bed till tomorrow .最好卧床休息到明天。5) Drink lots of water and have a go

8、od rest .多喝水，好好休息。6) You should lie down and rest .卧床多休息。7) You should drink hot tea with honey .你应该喝加蜂蜜的热茶。8) You should see a dentist .你应该去看牙医。9) You should go to bed early .你应该早点上床（休息）。2. 关于情态动词 should1) 情态动词should 表“建议、应该”，其否定形式为 shouldnt .它用于所有人称。在其后应为动词原形。You should wait a little more . 你应该再多等

9、一会儿。He should tell me about it .他应该告诉我这件事。2) 在表示要求、命令时，语气由 should（应该）、had better（最好）、must（必须） 逐渐加强。在本单元主要是表建议“应当”或“应该”。3. have a cold 感冒，还可以说 get a cold .我得了重感冒：I have a very bad cold .在这里 cold 是名词，因此前边可以加冠词“a”、有时也可以说：I have got a very bad cold . 或：I have had a very bad cold .4. He shouldnt eat anyt

10、hing for 24 hours . 他不应在 24 小时内吃任何东西。在这里因为是否定句，因而不用 something，而用 anything，同 some 和 any 的区别一样，something 用于肯定句中，而 anything 用于否定或疑问句中，如： Theres something wrong with him .他出问题了，或他病了。Is there anything I can help ?我能帮忙吗？又如：Do you have any brothers ?你有兄弟吗？I have some good friends .我有一些朋友。I never have any f

11、un .我从没什么乐趣。never 是否定词，因此我们用 any，不用 some5. Whats the matter with you ?你怎么了？with 是个介词，后边可以跟名词或代词。Whats the matter with Sonja ?Sonja 怎么了？6.I am not feeling well .feel wellwell 表示“好” ，这里不用“good”。7. Shes tired . 她很累。tired 是个形容词，可以说 feel tired 感到很累，或说 get tired.She feels tired. 或 She gets tired .8. Tradi

12、tional Chinese doctors believe we need a balance of cooling yin and hot yang to be healthy .传统中医认为我们需要通过阴阳调和来保持健康。 其中 a balance of平衡keep a balance of 保持一个平衡如 keep a balance of nature 保持自然（生态）平衡。be healthy，keep healthy，stay healthy 都是保持健康的意思。healthy 是个形容词，其名词形式为 health .9. on the other hand 另一方面。经常与

13、on (the) one hand 一起连用。表示一方面另一方面。如： On one hand we should study hard , on the other hand we should keep healthy .我们一方面要努力学习，另一方面应该保持身体健康。10. too much yang in their lives .too much 和 too many 都表示许多。too much 后接不可数名词，如 water , money 等。too many 后接可数名词的复数，如 students , flowers lives 是名词 life 的复数形式。11. Its

14、 important to eat a balanced diet .吃（营养）平衡的饮食是很重要的。balanced 在此处是形容词，表示“平衡的”。It 是形式主语，真正的主语是“to eat a balanced diet”，但因主语太长，为了句子平衡， 将主语用it 代替，这是 it 的又一功能。12. Im not feeling very well at the moment .at the moment .1）用于现在时态中，意思为“此刻”，如： I am busy at the moment . 我此刻很忙。引领人生2）用于过去时中，表示“当时”，如： I was busy a

15、t the moment . 我当时很忙。A bad thing never dies.坏事传千年Unit 2 Ill help to clean up the city parks.单元目标1. 能够以口译形式谈论志愿工作。2. 能够正确运动一般将来时。3. 能够书写以志愿工作为话题的书面表达。重点词汇1.cheer欢呼2.volunteer志愿者3.notice发现4. lonely孤单的5. several几个6. feeling感觉7.satisfaction满意8.owner拥有者9. raise提高，上升10. alone独自，一个人11. repair修理12. train训练1

16、3.kindness善良14.change改变15. disabled残疾的重点短语1. clean up 清扫2. give out 分发，发放3. cheer up=makehappier 使.高兴4. come up with =think up 提出，想出5. write down 写下，记下6. set up=establish 建立7. volunteer ones time to do sth.自愿花时间做.8. make plans 计划干.9. use up 用完，耗尽10. take after 在性格或长相方面与父母相象11. fix up 修理12. give away

17、 捐赠13. be similar to 与.相似14. hung out 闲荡15. disabled people 残疾人16. go out of ones way to do sth 帮助.做事，解决难题（摆脱困境）17. train sb. to do sth.训练某人做某事重点句型1. I hope to work outside.我希望到外面工作。2. I want to learn more about how to care for animals.我想要学习更多有关于如何能照顾动物的方法。3. I get such a strong feeling of satisfact

18、ion when I see the animals get better and the look of joy on their owners faces.当我看到动物变得更健康以及它们主人脸上高兴的表情时，我得到一中强烈的满足感。4. You could help to clean up the city parks.你可以帮助打扫城市公园。语法难点一般将来时：将来时间计划发生或将要发生的动作和存在的状态。常与表示将来的时间状语 连用，如：tomorrow .,next ,the day after tomorrow , in 5 minutes ,soon,等。构成：will do/b

19、e & be going to do/be例如：Ill help clean the city parks next week高频考点1. hunger n.饥饿 adj.饥饿的Eg. In the old days, many people died of hunger.旧社会，许多人死于饥饿。2.homeless adj.无家可归的。在名词词尾加后缀 less 变为否定形容词。如：1) help+less=helpless : 意为“无助的;2) care+ less=careless 意为“粗心的”;3) hope+ less=hopeless“无望的”; 4) use+ less=us

20、eless“无用的”;3. set v.摆放、放置、（太阳）落下 set up 建立 set off=set out 出发、动身4. cheer v. cheer up sb.或 cheer sb. up 意为“（使某人）高兴起来，振作起来”。如果是代词做宾语，则将代词放在中间。5. fix v.修理 fix up 相当于 repair，表示“修理，修补，整理”,其后跟物件名词作宾语。特别提示。如果 fix up 的宾语是“人”的话，则构成 fix sb. up with sth.句型，表示“为某人安排某件事，向某人提供某物”。Eg：Ill fix you up with a place to

21、 stay. 我来给你安排住处。6. similar adj.相似的 be similar to 意为“与类似”;be the same as“与完全相同”。take after sb. 表示“长相或举止像（某个长辈）”，不能用于被动语态。7. pleasure 意为“高兴，快乐”，是不可数名词；表示“乐趣，高兴的事”时是可数名词。在口语中 Its pleasure. 是回答感谢的客套语。 Thank you for your help. 感谢你的帮助。Its a pleasure. 不用谢。特别提示pleased 是形容词，意为“自己感到高兴的，欣喜的，满意的，其主语为人。pleasant

22、也是形容词，表示“使人感到愉快满意”，一般用作定语，如主语是物，也可以用作表语。Eg. Its pleasant weather today. 今天的天气令人愉快。Its very pleasant to sit down after standing for hours.站了几小时后坐下来很舒服。please 是动词，表示“（使）高兴，满意，愉快”。8. shut v, (shut, shut) “关”，在许多情况下可以与 close 互换，只是后者语气较弱，Eg. close the door 关门（也可能指半开半闭），shut the door 关门（指把门关紧）。当表示“关闭公路，铁路

23、或交通工具”或作“结束”讲时，只用 close。Eg：They have closed the road for thick fog. 由于大雾，那条公路被关闭。特别提示turn off 用来表示“关闭”有开关的东西，如收音机、电视、煤气、水龙头等。9. carry v.“搬运，携带”，不表示带到什么地方，而携带的方式可以是提、扛、背、抱、抬等。10. fetch v. 相当于 go and bring back，意为“取来，接来”，表示一往一返。引领人生A bird is known by its note, and a man by his talk.闻其歌知其鸟，听其言知其人。Unit

24、3 Could you please clean your rom?单元目标1. 礼貌地提出请求：用 could 委婉地表示请求。2. 礼貌地请求允许：用 could 委婉地请求许可。3. make 与 do 的区别。重点词汇1. rubbish垃圾2. fold折叠3. sweep拖4. mess混乱，困境5. throw扔，丢6. neither两者都不的7. borrow借进8. lend借出9. finger手指10. while一会儿，当时候11. stress压力12. waste浪费13. provide提供14. fairness公平15. since自从.16. depend

25、依靠17. develop发展重点短语1. work on 从事，忙于2. have a test 考试3. fold ones clothes 叠衣服4. do the chores 做杂务第37页5. get a ride 搭车6. wash the car 刷车7. do the dishes 洗餐具8. use ones computer 使用某人的电脑9. go to the store 去商店10. work on 从事，忙于11. work at 学习、致力于、在上下工夫12. do the laundry = do some washing = wash clothes 洗衣服

26、13. take out the trash 倒垃圾14. make breakfast / make dinner = do some cooking 做饭15. invite sb. to do sth 邀请某人做某事16. make ones bed 铺床17. sweep the floor 清扫地板重点句型1. Could you please sweep the floor?2. You have to clean your room.3. I dont understand why some parents make their kids help with housework

27、and chores at home.4. They should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades and get into a good university.语法难点5. I think it is important for children to learn how to do chores and help their parents with housework.1. Peter, could you please take out the trash? Sure, Mom.Could you p

28、lease do the dishes? Sorry, I cant. I have to do my homework.（1）在表示请求帮助或请求允许的疑问句中，常用 could 代替 can，以表示礼貌，委婉或不确定的语气，而 can 则不具备这些语气。这种情况下不能把 could 看作 can 的过去式。以上两句中用 could 是为了表示礼貌的请求。表示请求帮助或请求允许时，除了 can, could 之外， 还可以用 may，句子的表达方式也各有不同，可以用不同的方式来表示同一个概念。例：Could/Can/May I use your car for a day?I wonder

29、if I could use your car for a day?Do you mind if I use your car fora day?对于、句所作允答可以各种各样，如同意可以说 Yes，或 Sure 或 Certainly，还可说 Yes, (do) please. 或 Of course. (you may/can). 或 Go ahead, please. 或 Thats OK/all right. 如果不同意，可以说 Im sorry you cant. 或 I m really sorry, but I have to use it today. 要避免说 No, you

30、cant. 这样显得很不礼貌。否定回答通常用委婉语气。对于句（3）所作回答可以说 Never mind. /Not at all. 表不介意。不能用 Yes. /Sure. /Of course. /Certainly.等。无论肯定还是否定应答中，要避免使用 could，要用 can 或 may。因为应答须用确定的语气。而 could 在表请求的问句中是为了表示礼貌或委婉语气，用在应答中则成了不确定语气，与情理不符。所以应答中不说 Yes, you could. 或 No, you couldn t. 而要说 Yes, you can. 或Sorry. /No, you cant.高频考点1.

31、 区别动词 do 和 make。do与动作及非实质性的事连用，与词尾是ing 的动作名词连用，如：do the dishes（洗餐具），do my homework（做我的家庭作业），do chores（做家务，处理琐事），do the laundry（洗衣），do the shopping（购物），do some reading（读书）make表示做、制造、整理、冲、泡（饮料）等，如： make your bed（铺床），make breakfast（做早餐），make dinner（做晚饭），make tea（泡茶，沏茶）， make myself a cup of coffee（给自己冲

32、一杯咖啡） （3）take out 带出（人），取出（物）； take out of 从里取出2. Could I please use your computer?Sorry, Im going to work on it now.Could I/you please ？表示一种有礼貌的请求或提议，其后连接原形动词，比 Can you /I？ 语气更委婉。类似句型有：Would you like + sth. / to do sth.? May I + do sth. ? Shall we + do sth.? Would you mind + sth. /doing sth.? What

33、/ How about + sth. /doing sth.?肯定回答有 Sure. /Of course. / Certainly. /OK. /Great. / Well. / Good idea. / I agree. 等。否定回答有 Sorry . / No, you cant. 等。3. I hate to do chores.Do you like to do the laundry? No, Its boring. I dont like doing the dishes because it s boring.（1） hate vt. 不喜欢，讨厌、恨，没有进行时。hate 后

34、可接 to do 也可接 doing，意义无大差别，只是 to do 更多表示具体的一次性的动作，而 doing 更多表示习惯性，经常的一般的动作。这与 like 后接 to do 或 doing 的用法一样。（2） 对比由动词加ing 和ed 构成的形容词：动词加ing 构成的形容词可以指人或物，在句中作定语或表语；动词加ed 构成的形容词通常用来指人，作表语，通常不作定语。例： boringbored, relaxingrelaxed, surprising surprised, excitingexcited, interestinginterested4. Could I invite

35、 my friends to a party on Saturday? invite vt. 邀请，意同 ask，但 invite 更正式。invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事。 e. g. They invited me to join their club.invite sb. to sth. / invite sb. for sth.e. g. He invited us for the concert.invitation n. 邀请 e. g. Thanks for your invitation. Thank you for asking /inviting

36、me.5. Thanks for taking care of my dog.take care of照顾、照料、注意，意思侧重于负责任的意思，后面的宾语可以是表示人或事物的名词或代词。e. g. Mother takes good care of her children. eg：Its not easy to take care of the sick. 注：look after 一般情况下可替换 take care of，意思上强调看管或照料。eg：I have to look after my sick dog at home.6. Play with him. play with 玩

37、；用娱乐。eg： Little girls like playing with dolls. Tell children not to play with fire.7. Im going to move to a new house. move to /into 搬到，搬入eg：They moved into the new apartment last week.Later his family moved to New York.8. I need some help. We need to clean the house.need 作动词用法：sb need sth. /sb need

38、 to do sth. sth need to be done sth need doing例如：I need to buy a new coat.我需要买一件新外套。The desk needs repairing.=The desk needs to be repaired. 这张桌子需要修理一下。 need 还可用作情态动词，必须，否定形式neednt，后跟动词原形。 例如：You needn t call him at once. 你不需要立刻给他打电话。need 作名词时指需要，必需时为不可数名词，指必需品，要求时常用复数。引领人生例如：Theres no need to do th

39、at. 不需要做那事。 We have to work hard to meet the people s needs. 我们必须努力工作以满足人们所需。A bird is known by its note, and a man by his talk.闻其歌知其鸟，听其言知其人。Unit 4 Why dont you talk to your parents?单元目标1. 学会使用 Why dont you do.?提建议。2. should 和 could 的用法。重点词汇1. allow 允许；准许2. wrong 错误的；不对的 guess 猜测；估计3. relation 关系；联

40、系；交往4. Communication 交流；沟通 argue 争吵；争论5. cloud 云；云朵6. elder 年级较长的7. instead 代替；反而；却8. whatever 任何；每一9. nervous 焦虑的；担忧的10. offer 主动提出；自愿给予11. proper 正确的；恰当的12. explain 解释；说明13. clear 清楚易懂的14. copy 复制复印15. return 回来；回去16. member 成员；分子17. compete 竞争；对抗18. opinion 意见；想法；看法 skill 技巧；技艺19. continue 持续；继续存

41、在 compare 比较20. crazy 不理智的；疯狂的21. push 推动；移动22. development 发展；成长23. cause 造成；引起24. usual 通常的；寻常的 perhaps 可能；大概；也许重点短语1. have free time 有空闲时间2. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事3. hang out with sb. 与某人闲逛5. get into a fight with sb. 与某人吵架/打架7. talk to sb. 与某人交谈8. write sb. a letter 给某人写信9. call sb. up 打电话

42、给某人10. look through 翻看11. be angry with sb. 生某人的气12. a big deal 重要的事13. work out 成功地发展;解决14. get on with 和睦相处；关系良好15. hang over 笼罩16. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事17. offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事18. so that 以便19. mind sb. doing sth. 介意某人做某事20. in future 今后21. make sb. angry 使某人生气22. worry about sth. 担心某事23. c

43、opy ones homework 抄袭某人的作业24. spend time alone 独自消磨时光25. give sb. pressure 给某人施压26. have a fight with sb. 与某人吵架27. compete with sb. 与某人竞争28. get better grades 取得更好的成绩29. give ones opinion 提出某人的观点30. learn exam skills 学习应试技巧31. practice sports 体育训练32. cause stress 造成压力33. cut out 删除重点句型1. I studied un

44、til mid night last night so I didnt get enough sleep.我昨晚学习到半夜所以睡眠不足。2. Why don t you forge t about it?你为什么不忘掉它呢？3. Although shes wrong, its not a big deal.虽然她错了，但这并不是什么大事儿。4. He should talk to his friend so that he can say hes sorry.他应该跟朋友谈谈以便他能说声对不起。5. May be you could go to his house.也许你可以去他家。6. I

45、 guess I could, but I dont want to surprise him.我想我可以.但我不想让他感到惊讶。语法难点一、情态动词 should 与 could 的用法should 的用法should 为情态动词，表示劝告、建议，意为“应该”，它和其他情态动词一样，没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形，其否定形式为 shouldt。例：Maybe she should say sorry to you.也许她应该跟你说声对不起。could 的用法情态动词 could 既是 can 的过去式，表示过去的能力，又可以表示谨慎、客气的建议，后接动词原形，其否定形式为 couldnt。例：My grandfather could drive well even at the age of eighty.我的祖父甚至到了 80 岁任然能很好地驾车。You could go out and buy her some medicine. 你可以出去给他买些药。典型例题The girl read before she went to school?A. CouldB.CouldntC.ShouldD.May解析：此题考查情态动词。表示过去的能利用 could,故选 A。二、状语从句状语从句就是在句子中作状语的从句。状语从句有好几种，如时间状