2016年高考真题_英语(全国卷Ⅰ)_Word版含解析.pdf

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1、 说明说明：参考版答案参考版答案 非官方版正式答案非官方版正式答案本试卷共本试卷共 1212 页页。全卷满分全卷满分 150150 分分。考试用时考试用时 120120 分钟分钟。注意事项注意事项：1.答题前,请将自己的姓名,准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上,并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。用 2B 铅笔将答题卡上试卷类型A 后的方框涂黑。2.选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后,用 2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。3.非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。4.考

2、试结束后,请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。第第 I I 卷卷第一部分第一部分听力听力 共两节共两节,满分满分 3030 分分试题略解析略第二部分第二部分阅读理解阅读理解 共两节共两节,满分满分 4040 分分第一节第一节 共共 1515 小题小题：每小题每小题 2 2 分分,满分满分 3030 分分阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C 和 D 中选出最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A AYou probably know who Marie Curie was,but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson.Of the outstanding

3、ladies listed below,who do you think was the most importantwoman of the past 100 years?1/21Jane Addams Jane Addams Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.Addams helped the poor and worked for peace.She encouraged a sense of community by creating shelters and prom

4、oting education and services for people in need.In 1931,Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.Rachel Carson Rachel Carson If it werent for Rachel Carson,the environment al movement might not exist today.Herpopular 1962 bookSilent Spring raised awareness of the dangers o

5、f pollution and theharmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the worlds lakes and oceans.Sandra Day OConnor 1930Sandra Day OConnor-presentWhen Sandra Day OConnor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School,in 1952,she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.She became an

6、Arizonastate senatorand,in 1981,the first woman to join the U.S.SupremeCourt.OConnor gave the deciding vote in many i mportant cases during her 24 years onthe top court.Rosa Parks Rosa Parks On December 1.1995,in Montgomery,Alabama,Rosa Parks would not give up her seaton a bus to a white passenger.H

7、er simple act landed Parks in prison.But it also set offthe Montgomery bus boycott.It lasted for more than a year,and kicked off thecivil-rights movement.The only tired I was,was tired of giving in,said Parks.21.What is Jane Addams noted for in history?A.Her social work.2/21B.Her teaching skills.C.H

8、er efforts to win a prize.D.Her community background.22.What was the reason for OConnors being rejected by the law firm?A.Her lack of proper training in law.B.Her little work experience in court.C.The discrimination against women.D.The poor financial conditions.23.Who made a great contribution to th

9、e civil-rights movement in the U.S.?A.Jane Addams.B.Rachel Carson.D.Rosa Parks.C.Sandra Day OConnor24.What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?A.They are highly educated.C.They are pioneers.21.21.解析解析AA信息概括题。根据第二段a social worker可明显得出答案,故 A 正确。22.22.解析解析CC细节题。根据第四段 She could not find w

10、ork at a law firm because she was awoman.可知,原因在于对女性的歧视,故 C 正确。23.23.解析解析DD细节题。根据第五段 kicked off the civil-rights movement 可知,Rosa Park推动了民权运动,故 D 正确。B.They are truly creative.D.They are peace-lovers.3/2124.24.解析解析CC推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句Addams became the first American woman towin the Nobel Peace Prize；第三段第

11、一句If it werent for Rachel Carson,theenvironment movement might not exist today；第四段第二句 the first woman tojoin the U.S Supreme Court；最后一段第三句 kicked off the civil-rights movement,可知,四位女性都是历史上的先锋,故 C 正确。B BGrandparents Answer a CallGrandparents Answer a CallAs a third-generation native of Brownsville,Te

12、xas,Mildred Garza never planned tomove away.Even when her daughter and her son asked her to move to San Antonio tohelp with their children,she politely refused.Only after a year of friendly discussion didMs.Garza finally say yes.That was four years ago.T oday all three generations regard themove a s

13、uccess,giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separatecities.No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer totheir children and grandchildren.Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend isgrowing.Even President Obamas mother-in-law,Marian R

14、obinson,has agreed to leaveChicago and move into the White House to help care for her granddaughters.Accordingto a study,grandparents,83 percent of the people said Mrs.Robinsons decision willinfluence grandparents in the American family.Two-thirds believe more families willfollow the example of Obam

15、as family.In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldnt get away from home far enough,4/21fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,says Christiane Crosby,publisher ofGraza magazine for grandparents.We now realize how important family is and howimportant to be near them,especially when you

16、re raising children.Moving is not for everyone.Although every grandparent wants to be with his or hergrandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices,but sometimes it is wiser to say no andvisit frequently instead.Having your grandchildren far away is hard,especially knowingyour adult child is strugg

17、ling but giving up the life you know may be harder.25.Why was Garzas move a success?A.It strengthened her family ties.B.It improved her living conditions.C.It enabled her to make more friends.D.It helped her know more places.26.What was the reaction of the public to Mrs.Robinsons decision?A.17%expre

18、ssed their support for it.B.Few people responded sympathetically.C.32%believed it had a bad influence.D.The majority suggested it was a trend.27.What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s?A.They were unsure of themselves.B.They were eager to raise more children.C.They wanted to live away from the

19、ir parents.D.They had little experiences for their grandparents.5/2128.What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph?A.Make the decisions in the best interest of their own.B.Ask their children to pay more visits to them.C.Sacrifice for their struggling children.D.Get to know

20、 themselves better.2525 解析解析AA细节题。定位首段末句由Today all three generations regard the move a success,giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities可知答案。2626 解析解析DD细节题。定位第二段,由83 percent of the people said Mrs.Robinsons decision willinfluence grandparents in the American famil

21、y.可知,约 83%的人认为 Mrs.Robinson 的决定会影响美国的很多祖父母,说明不是 17%而是 83%的人支持,排除 A；B 选项文中未提及；83%的人支持,说明认为有很坏影响的人占的比例不可能超过17%；D 选项符合文意。2727 解析解析CC推断题。由第三段首句In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldnt get awayfrom home far enough,fast enough to prove we could do it on our own可推断 20 世纪 60 年代的时候,人们想要离开家去证明自己的能力但

22、现实并不允许,心里其实是想离开家的,C 选项正确。2828 解析解析AA推断题。由最后一段but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead.Having your grandchildren far away is hard,especially knowing your adult child isstruggling but giving up the life you know may be harder 可知有时候对祖父母来说,和孩6/21子孙子们住在一起并非就是好的选择,反而不住在一起而是频繁去探访子孙会

23、更好,因为这样就不需要改变祖父母自己熟知的生活方式,由此可推测出作者的建议祖父母是否搬去和子孙一起住最好从祖父母的需求出发,选择 A。CI am Peter Hodes,a volunteer stem cell courier.Since March 2012,Ive done 89tripsof those,51 have been abroad,I have 42 hours to carry stem cells干细胞 in mylittle box because Ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last.In all,fr

24、om thetime the stem cells are harvested from a donor捐献者 to the time they can beimplanted in the patient,weve got 72 hours at most.So I am always conscious of time.I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane inAmerica.I picked up the stem cells in Providence,Rhode Island,and wasmeantto

25、flytoWashington then back to London.But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence,the lady on the desk said:well,Im really sorry,Ive got some bad news for you-there areno flights from Washington.So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said:In thisbox are some stem cells that are urgent

26、ly needed for a patient-please,please,youve gotto get me back to the United Kingdom.She just dropped everything.She arranged fora flight on a small plane to be held for me,re-routed改道 me through Newark and gotme back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.For this courier job,youre conscio

27、usly aware that in that box youve got somethingthat is potentially going to save somebodys life.29.Which of the following can replace the underlined word courier in Paragraph 1?A.providerB.delivery man7/21C.collectorD.medical doctor30.Why does Peter have to complete his trip within 42 hours?A.He can

28、not stay away from his job too long.B.The donor can only wait for that long.C.The operation needs that much time.D.The ice wont last any longer.31.Which fight did the woman put Peter on first?A.To London.B.To Newark.D.To Washington.C.To Providence.2929 解析解析BB词义猜测题。根据第一段第二行 carry stem cells 可知,作者是运送细

29、胞的人,所以选择B 选项,delivery man。3030 解析解析DD细节题。从第一段第三行 because Ive got two ice packs and thats how longtheylast.可以知道选择 D 选项,the ice wont last any longer.3131 解析解析BB细节题。由原文第三段倒数第二行re-routed me through Newark可知,答案选 B。D DThe meaning of silence carries among culture groups.Silence may be thoughtful,orthey may

30、 be empty when a person has nothing to say.A silence in a conversation mayalso show stubbornness,uneasiness,or,worry.Silence may be viewed by some culturalgroups as extremely uncomfortable;therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap with conversation.Persons in other cultural groups value silen

31、ce and view it asnecessary for understanding a persons needs.Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicatingamong people,just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do.Therefore,when aperson from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops,what may bei

32、mplied is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been saidbefore continuing.In these cultures,silence is a call for reflection.Other cultures may use silence in other ways,particularly when dealing withconflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of po

33、wer.For example,Russian,French,and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreementbetween parties about the topic under discussion.However,Mexicans may use silencewhen instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that personby arguing with him or her.In still another use,

34、persons in Asian cultures may viewsilence as a sign of respect,particularly to an elder or a person in authority,persons inAsian culture may view silence as a sign of respect,particularly to an elder or a personin authority.Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of si

35、lencewhen they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing.Nursesshould recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that apatients silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily.A nursewho understands the healing value of silen

36、ce can use this understanding toassist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.9/2132.What does the author say about silence in conversations?A.It impliesanger.B.It promotes friendship.C.It is culture-specificD.It is content-based33.Which of the following people might consider

37、 silence as a call for careful thought?A.The Chinese.B.The French.C.The Mexicans.D.The Russians.34.What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?A.Let it continue as the patient pleases.B.Break it while treating patients.C.Evaluate its harm to patients.D.Make use of its healing effects.35.W

38、hat may be the best title for the text?A.Sound and SilenceB.What it means to be silentC.Silence to Native AmericansD.Speech Is Silver;Silence Is Gold32.32.解析解析CC推测题。原文定位第一段,可以得知 A 选项不全面,沉默不只代表一个意思；同理,可排除 B 选项；此段反复强调Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups,Persons in10/21other cultural groups va

39、lue 可得知,沉默在不同文化中的意义是不同的,而不是根据对话内容变化的,由此可以排出 D,得出正确答案 C。33.33.解析解析AA细节题。题干的意思是在哪国人的文化中,沉默代表要求对方仔细考虑？定位第二段Thereforeperson wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.中文意思为,在中国和泰国文化中,silence 代表说话人想在继续会话之前让倾听者考虑他说过的话。所以可以得出答案 A。34.34.解析解析DD细节题。对应文章最后一段。答案可以在段落主题句中可以分析出来第一句和最后一句。尤

40、其是最后一句 A nurse who understands the healing value of silence canuse this understanding to assist in the care of patients作者认为,了解沉默的治愈价值有助于更好地照顾病人。所以,是建议护士利用沉默的治愈价值的。而 A,B 选项出现在第 2句 so that 后面的部分。用了否定词 not,是作者所不建议的。C 选项在文中并未提及。35.35.解析解析BB主旨题。文章为总分的结构,可从第一段入手。定位文章第一句The meaning ofsilence caries among c

41、ulture groups.即可得知全篇都在讲沉默代表的意义,不同的文化意义不同。文中并没提到声音与沉默的关系,所以不选 A；文章讲了不同国家沉默代表的意义,不局限于 Native Americans,排除 C；而 D 选项是一句谚语,说话是银,沉默是金,文章并没有对比两者的重要性。因此只能选 B。第二节第二节 共共 5 5 小题小题；每小题每小题 2 2 分分,满分满分 1010 分分根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。11/21Secret codes keep messages private.Bank,companies,and gover

42、nment agenciesuse secret code in doing business,especially when information is sent by computer.People have used secret codes for thousands of years.36Code breaking neverlags behind code making.The science of decoding and reading coded messagesis called cryptography.There are three main types of cry

43、ptography.37For example,the first lettersare My elephant eats too many eels spell out the hidden message Meet me.38You might represent each letter with a number,for example,let s number theletters of the alphabet,in order,from 1 to 26.If we substitute a number for each letter,the message Meet me wou

44、ld read 1 3 5 20 13 5.A code uses symbols to replace words,phrases,or sentences.To read the message of areal code,you must have a code book.39For example,bridge might stand formeet and out might stand for me.The message bridge out would actually meanMeet me.40However,it is also hard to keep a code b

45、ook secret for long.Socodes must be changed frequently.A.It is very hard to break a code without a code book.B.In any language,some letters are used more than others.C.Only people who know the keyword can read the message.D.As long as there have been codes,people have tried to break them.E.You can h

46、ide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.F.With a code book,you might write down words that would stand for otherwords.12/21G.Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters ofthe alphabet.36.36.解析解析DD本题考察是逻辑关系,根据下一句code breaking never lags be

47、hind code making 可知上一句是只要出现密码,就会有人去解码,故选 D。37.37.解析解析EE本题考察是句子之间的例证关系,从后面文章的举例中For example,the first lettersare My elephant eats too many eels spell out the hidden message Meet me.那么前一句应该是对例子的概括,即我们可以知道是运用每个单词的首字母来组成密码,E 选项正确38.38.解析解析GG本题考察是文章的篇章结构,前一段是讲到了第一种方法,根据篇章结构,下一段应该是讲述第二种设置密码的方法,而根据该段的例子,即字

48、母表中字母排列顺序转化成为数字信息,所以这里关键词是 another way 还有 alphabet,故选 G。39.39.解析解析FF本题考察的是逻辑关系,从上一句To read the message of a real code,you must havea code book 你需要借用解码书来找出密码单词所对应真正意思,F 选项表示你应该找出解码书中密码所代表的词语,故 F 正确。40.40.解析解析AA本题考察的是关键词以及转折关系,根据下一句出现it is also hard to keep a codebook secret for long,这里出现了 also hard,所

49、以上一句关键词为 hard;另外 however 表示转折关系,证明上一句与下一句表达的意思相反,即上一句应该没有解密书,是很难去完成解密工作,故 A 正确。13/21第三部分第三部分英语知识运用英语知识运用 共两节共两节,满分满分 4545 分分第一节完形填空第一节完形填空 共共 2020 小题小题；每小题每小题 1.51.5 分分,满分满分 3030 分分阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项A、B、C 和 D 中选出可以填入空白处的选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A Heroic DriverA Heroic DriverLarry works with Transport Driver

50、s,Inc.One morning in 2009,Larry was41along 165 north after delivering to one of his42 .Suddenly,he saw a car with itsbright lights on.43he got closer,he found44vehicle upside down on the road.One more look and he noticed45shooting out from under the 46vehicle.Larrypulled over,set the brake and 47the