中国矿产资源报告XXXX—英文.pdf

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1、Ministry of Land and ResourcesPeoples Republic of ChinaChina Mineral Resources2015GEOLOGICAL PUBLISHING HOUSEBEIJINGOctober,2015Chairman:Wang MinVice-chairman:Peng Qiming Xu Dachun Han Haiqing Members(surname stroke order):Yu Haifeng Wang Shaobo Bai Xingbi Long BaolinLiu Jian Liu Yuqiang Liu Faxian

2、Liu ShuchenChen Xiaoning Li Xiaobo Li Jinfa Wu TaipingYao Yichuan He Bingqing Cheng Liwei Bo ZhipingJu JianhuaEditor-in-chief:Han HaiqingAssociate editor-in-chief:Wang Shaobo Li Xiaobo Editorial Office:Cui Rongguo Yan Weidong Guo Juan Xu GuifenMa Jianming Bao Ronghua Lin Bolei Wang WeiSun Chunqiang

3、Editorial Staff (surname stroke order):Ma Jianming Wang Wei Wang Aimin Wang DejieDeng Feng Sun Chunqiang Yan Weidong Li JianLi Minglu Li Shuzhi Wu Jianshe Wu DengdingYang Hulin Lin Bolei Chen Congxi Chen LipingZhao Caisheng He Mingyu Luo Tuanjie Mo XiaohuiXu Guifen Guo Min Guo Juan Huang XuexiongCao

4、 Xinyuan Cui Rongguo Dong Qingji Bao RonghuaEditorial CommitteeIIn 2014,China has continued the implementation of National Exploration and Development Planning and achieved outstanding progress in geological prospecting,and it is the reserves&resources of major mineral resources that increased obvio

5、usly.There is a sustainable growth in the production and import of major mineral products as well as a further improvement in the supplying capacity.Efforts have been made to promote the survey and evaluation of geology and mineral resources,and better social services.To facilitate the construction

6、of ecological civilization,China has paid more attention to enhance the environmental recovery of mines,and over 25%of the land damaged by mining development has been reclaimed.Chinese government has further streamlined the administration,taken multiple measures to stimulate the market,standardized

7、the management of mineral resources,and achieved progress in the conservation and comprehensive utilization.Since 2014,China has canceled 23 examinations and approvals pertaining to geology and mineral resources,brought the mineral resources compensation rate of coal,oil and natural gas to zero and

8、applied ad valorem collection of resource tax on coal.In addition,China has released the first index criterion for the comprehensive utilization of mineral resources and the minimum index requirements for the extract recovery rate,concentration recovery rate and comprehensive utilization rate of 8 m

9、inerals.Ministry of Land and Resources has formulated the Report on China Mineral Resources since 2011,in order to make the public better understanding the situation of exploration and exploitation of mineral resources,obtain more knowledge on the policies regarding the management of mineral resourc

10、es,and enhance the capacity of public service and impel the opening of administrative information.This report systematically analyzes the situation of mineral resources,emphatically introduces the main progress in surveys and evaluations of geology and mineral resources,exploration,development and u

11、tilization of mineral resources,mine ecological civilization construction and management of mineral resources in China since 2014;reflects the dynamic state of mineral resources management from the perspectives of mineral resources planning,exploration&mining rights,reserves,exploration,supervision

12、and so on;expounds the reform progress and essential policies from the perspectives of the construction of policy system,reform of taxes and charges;presents the latest progress of Chinas technical innovation of geology and mining from the perspectives of geological theories and technologies of expl

13、oration and exploitation;summarizes the situation of international cooperation on mineral resources.We hope this report will be an important way to know of and understand the general situation ForewordIIof mineral resources in China for those who care for and support the countrys undertaking of mine

14、ral resources.The statistical data of this report are mainly sourced from the National Bureau of Statistics,the Ministry of Land and Resources and the General Administration of Customs of the Peoples Republic of China,excluding those of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,the Macau Special A

15、dministrative Region and Taiwan Province.ContentsIIIContentsChapter I Situation of Mineral Resources 1Chapter II Status of Mineral Resources 4I.Reserves&Resources 4II.Potential of Mineral Resources 7III.Registration of Exploration and Mining Rights 9Chapter III Exploration 10I.Exploration Investment

16、 10II.Energy Mineral Exploration 11III.Exploration of Metallic and Non-metallic Minerals 12IV.Groundwater Exploration 13Chapter IV Development and Utilization of Mineral Resources 14I.Mining Fixed Assets Investment 14II.Production and Consumption 15III.Conservation and Comprehensive Utilization 17Ch

17、apter V Mine Ecological Environment Construction 22I.Geological Environment Restoration 22II.Green Mining Development 23Chapter VI Mineral Resources Management and Policies 24I.Items Subject to Administrative Examination and Approval 24II.Taxes and Fees 30IVChina Mineral Resources 2015III.Mineral Re

18、sources Planning 32IV.Management of Exploration and Mining Rights 32V.Management of Geological Survey Qualifications 33Chapter VII Geological Survey and Geological Data Service 36I.Basic Geological Survey 36II.Survey and Evaluation of Mineral Resources 37III.Geological Data Management and Service 39

19、Chapter VIII Scientific and Technological Innovation and International Cooperation 42I.Basic Geological and Mineral Theoretical Research 42II.Techniques of Mineral Exploration,Exploitation and Utilization 43III.Technical Standards for Geology and Mineral Resources 44IV.International Cooperation 451S

20、ituation of Mineral ResourcesChapterChapter I Situation of Mineral ResourcesThe global mining industry has witnessed a continuing depression along with the economic rebalancing and a weak demand for mineral products,which has been challenging the globe since 2014.At the same time,China has entered t

21、he phase of adjustment in its mining development.In order to stimulate market and propel the transformation and upgrading of the mining industry,Chinese government has intensified the geological exploration and improved the conservation and comprehensive utilization of mineral resources,streamlined

22、the administration and improved social service.Deep comprehension of mineral resources potential.In 2014,China has spent RMB114.5 billion on geological exploration,and there are 249 newly-discovered large and medium-sized ore fields.Significant breakthroughs have been made in the exploration of oil

23、and gas resources,and the geological reserves of shale gas 106.8 billion cubic meters first reported.The newly-discovered geological reserves of oil are 1.06 billion tons and those of natural gas reach 943.8 billion cubic meters.In the 45 major minerals,the reserves&resources of 36 minerals increase

24、,among which the remaining technically recoverable reserves of oil rise by 2.0%and those of natural gas increased by 6.5%;the reserves&resources of coal grow by 3.2%and those of iron ore increased by 5.6%,copper 6.3%,bauxite 3.2%and gold 9.4%.The latest dynamic evaluation on oil and gas resources in

25、dicates that geological resources of oil have reached 108.5 billion tons,natural gas 68 trillion cubic meters,shale gas 134 trillion cubic meters,and coal-bed methane 36.8 trillion cubic meters.The potential evaluation of 25 major minerals shows the average discovery rate of mineral resources is 30.

26、3%,indicating a huge prospecting potential.The potential of coal resources at depth shallow than 2,000m is 3.88 trillion tons,with a discovery rate of 29.6%.That of iron ore is 196.0 billion tons,with a discovery rate of 33.1%;copper 304 million tons,with a discovery rate of 29.5%;and bauxite 17.97

27、billion tons,with a discovery rate of 20.3%.Conservation and comprehensive utilization of mineral resources enhanced.In 2014,the output of primary energies,crude steel,ten non-ferrous metals and gold ranks top in the world.The output of primary energies is 3.60 billion tons of standard coal equivale

28、nts,among which the output of raw coal is 3.87 billion tons,crude oil 211 million tons and natural gas 130.16 billion cubic meters,and the consumption of primary energies is 4.26 billion tons of 2China Mineral Resources 2015standard coal equivalents,with a self-sufficiency rate of 84.5%.The output o

29、f crude steel amounts to 820 million tons,that of ten non-ferrous metals is 43.801 million tons and that of gold is 458.1 tons.In the same year,the countrys total volume of mineral products trade is US$1.09 trillion,with an increasing of 5.7%year-on-year,among which 291 million tons of coal have bee

30、n imported,with a drop of 10.9%;oil 338 million tons,with a growth of 5.1%;and iron ore 933 million tons,with an increase of 13.8%.The standard for the indexes of evaluating the comprehensive utilization of mineral resources has been formulated and released.China has enacted the index requirements f

31、or the extract recovery rate,concentration recovery rate and comprehensive utilization rate of 20 minerals in three consecutive years and the evaluation index system for the conservation and comprehensive utilization of major mineral resources has been initially established.Besides,159 recommended t

32、echnologies have been popularized in three consecutive years.Furthermore,efforts have been made to propel the construction of pilot bases for the comprehensive utilization and the mine geological environment restoration projects of resource-exhausted cities and relevant demonstration projects.661 mi

33、ning enterprises have been selected in four batches to serve as the nation-level pilot entities for green mines.The administrative policies of mineral resources further improved.Chinese government has revised the administrative regulations regarding the registration of exploration and exploitation,t

34、he transfer of exploration and mining rights and so on,released the Administrative Regulations on Geological Environment Monitoring and the Administrative Penalty Measures on Land and Resources,cancelled 23 examinations and approvals pertaining to mineral resources,put mineral resource compensation

35、rates for coal,crude oil and natural gas to zero and applied ad valorem collection of resource tax on coal.Geological service further strengthened.By the end of 2014,onshore regional geological survey of 1:50,000 and regional geological revision of 1:250,000 has covered 31.7%and 61.7%the territorial

36、 area,respectively.The regional geological survey of 1:1,000,000 has covered the entire marine area under the jurisdiction of China for the first time.In 2014,over 170 wells has been both explored and exploited,benefiting 300,000 people in water-deficient area.The access for the geological data shar

37、ing and service platform reached 620,000 times and the national-level and the provincial-level geological data entities provided data services for 130,000 times.The Cores and Samples Center of Land and Resources provided services for 5,646 person-times.As the economic development has entered into a“

38、New Normal”stage and the GDP grows at a high-medium speed,China keeps a high demand for bulk minerals and a rapidly increasing demand for mineral resources relating to high-tech industries.Hence,the development of 3Situation of Mineral ResourcesChaptergeological sectors should be transformed and upg

39、raded and the management of mineral resources should adapt itself to the changing tendency.Additionally,constant efforts should be made to deepen the reform in the administrative system of mineral resources,attach significant importance to the support from science and technology and improve effectiv

40、ely the level of geological service.4China Mineral Resources 2015Chapter IIStatus of Mineral ResourcesIn 2014,evident growths have been witnessed in the newly-discovered reserves&resources of major minerals such as coal,oil,natural gas,shale gas,manganese ore,bauxite,gold,tungsten,molybdenum and so

41、on.The geological reserves of shale gas were reported for the first time.The evaluation on the potential of 25 minerals has been completed,indicating a huge prospecting potential.I.Reserves&Resources 1.Changes of reserves&resources In 2014,among the 45 major minerals,the reserves&resources of 36 min

42、erals increased,that of 5 decreased,and that of 4 remained unchanged.The geological reserves of shale gas were reported for the first time.A growth is witnessed in the reserves&resources of energy minerals and ferrous minerals.The remaining technically recoverable reserves of oil increased 2.0%year-

43、on-year,and that of natural gas increased by 6.5%.The reserves&resources of coal increased by 3.2%,iron ore 5.6%and manganese ore 18.5%.Among non-ferrous minerals,the reserves&resources of copper increased by 6.3%,nickel 12.9%and lead 9.6%.Among precious metal minerals,the reserves&resources of gold

44、 increased by 9.4%and silver 6.3%.The reserves&resources of most nonmetallic minerals increased at different rates,with gypsum 18.4%and Potash 11.3%,while that of barite and diatomite declined(Table 2-1).Table 2-1 Reserves&Resources of 45 Major MineralsName of MineralUnit20132014Increase or Decrease

45、(%)Coal trillion tons1.481.533.2Oil billion tons3.373.432.0Natural gastrillion cubic meters4.644.956.5Shale gasbillion cubic meters-25.46-Iron orebillion tons of ores79.8584.345.6Manganese orebillion tons of ores1.031.2218.5Chapter II 5Status of Mineral ResourcesName of MineralUnit20132014Increase o

46、r Decrease(%)Chromite million tons of ores11.4211.621.8VanadiumV2O5 million tons57.1360.756.3Titanium TiO2 million tons7607620.9Copper million tons of metals91.1296.906.3Lead million tons of metals67.3773.859.6Zinc million tons of metals137.38144.865.5Bauxitebillion tons of ores4.024.153.2Nickelmill

47、ion tons of metals9.0110.1712.9Cobaltthousand tons of metals637.0670.05.3TungstenWO3 million tons7.0147.2052.7Tinmillion tons of metals4.2554.189-1.6Molybdenummillion tons of metals26.2028.267.9Antimonymillion tons of metals2.6292.8408.0Gold Tons of metals8974.79816.09.4Silver thousand tons of metal

48、s223.0237.06.3Platinum group metaltons of metals372.4372.3-0.04Strontium million tons of celestine45.6745.670.0Magnesite billion tons of ores2.892.910.7Fluorite million tons of minerals2112235.7Refractory claybillion tons of ores2.512.520.5Pyrites billion tons of ores5.695.832.4Phosphate rockbillion

49、 tons of ores20.5721.454.3PotashKCl billion tons1.011.1211.3BoronB2O3 million tons76.13676.2250.1Mirabilite Na2SO4 billion tons111.30117.095.2Barite million tons of ores312305-2.2Cement-producing limestone billion tons of ores119.88123.513.0Glass-making siliceous-rockbillion tons of ores7.347.583.3G

50、ypsum billion tons of ores85.04100.7218.4Kaolin billion tons of ores2.502.676.5Bentonite billion tons of ores2.802.872.7Continued6China Mineral Resources 2015Name of MineralUnit20132014Increase or Decrease(%)Diatomite billion tons of ores0.470.45-3.9Veneer granitebillion cubic meters2.592.673.2Venee