1999年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题.doc

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1、1999年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section IStructure and VocabularyPart ADirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets wit

2、h a pencil. (5 points)1.Anyone with half an eye on the unemployment figures knew that the assertion about economic recovery _ just around the corner was untrue.A would beB to beC was（D）D being2.Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills _ people each year than automobile accidents.A seve

3、n more timesB seven times moreC over seven times（B）D seven times3.Its easy to blame the decline of conversation on the pace of modern life and on the vague changes _ place in our ever-changing world.A takingB to takeC take（A）D taken4.This is an exciting area of study, and one _ which new application

4、s are being discovered almost daily.A fromB byC in（C）D through5._ can be seen from the comparison of these figures, the principle involves the active participation of the patient in the modification of his condition.A AsB WhatC That（A）D It6.Although I had been invited to the opening ceremony, I was

5、unable to attend _ such short notice.A toB inC with（D）D on7.California has more light than it knows _ to do with but everything else is expensive.A howB whatC which（B）D where8.The solution works only for couples who are self-employed, dont have small children and get along _ to spend most of their t

6、ime together.A so wellB too wellC well as（D）D well enough9.Marlin is a young man of independent thinking who is not about _ compliments to his political leaders.A payingB having paidC to pay（C）D to have paid10.These proposals sought to place greater restrictions on the use and copying of digital inf

7、ormation than _ in traditional media.A existB existsC existing（A）D to existPart BDirections:Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A, B, C, and D. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding lett

8、er in the brackets with a pencil. (5 points)11.Your math instructor happy to give you a makeup examination and that your parents ill at the time.（D were）12.As the children become independent the family, the emphasis family financial security will shift from protection for the retirement years.（D sav

9、ing）13. the Times Co. to purchase another major media company, there is no doubt that it dramatically transform a enterprise that still gets 90% of revenues from newspapers.（C family-run）14.Symposium talks will cover of subjects over-fishing to physical and factors that affect the of different speci

10、es.（C environmental）15.Conversation calls for willingness to alternate the role of speaker with of , and it calls for occasional digestive pauses both.（B that）16.If two theories are equal their ability to account a body of data, the theory that with the smaller number of assumptions is .（A in）17.The

11、 Committee adopted a resolution the seven automakers the most cars in the state 2 percent of those vehicles by 1998.（C to make）18. poor people, who in general are colored, are richer people, who in general are , theres going to be a constant racial conflict in the world.（D skinned）19.All those may s

12、ound in theory, but even the has great difficulty it comes to specifics.（B great）20. automakers modify commercially produced cars to run alternative , the cars wont catch on in a big way drivers can fill them up at the gas station.（D until）Part CDirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, th

13、ere are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)21.An important property of a scientific theory is its ability to _ further research and fur

14、ther thinking about a particular topic.A stimulateB renovateC arouse（A）D advocate22.Although architecture has artistic qualities, it must also satisfy a number of important practical _.A obligationsB regulationsC observations（D）D considerations23.Life insurance is financial protection for dependents

15、 against loss _ the bread-winners death.A at the cost ofB on the verge ofC as a result of（C）D for the sake of24.In education there should be a good _ among the branches of knowledge that contribute to effective thinking and wise judgment.A distributionB balanceC combination（B）D assignment25.The Amer

16、ican dream is most _ during the periods of productivity and wealth generated by American capitalism.A plausibleB patrioticC primitive（A）D partial26.Poverty is not _ in most cities although, perhaps because of the crowded conditions in certain areas, it is more visible there.A rareB temporaryC preval

17、ent（C）D segmental27.People who live in small towns often seem more friendly than those living in _ populated areas.A denselyB intenselyC abundantly（A）D highly28.As a way of _ the mails while they were away, the Johnsons asked the cleaning lady to send little printed slips asking the senders to write

18、 again later.A picking upB coping withC passing out（B）D getting across29.Toms mother tried hard to persuade him to _ from his intention to invest his savings in stock market.A pull outB give upC draw in（D）D back down30.An increasing proportion of our population, unable to live without advanced medic

19、al _, will become progressively more reliant on expensive technology.A interferenceB interruptionC intervention（C）D interaction31.These causes produced the great change in the country that modernized the _ of higher education from the mid-1860s to the mid-1880s.A branchB categoryC domain（C）D scope32

20、.Nobody yet knows how long and how seriously the _ in the financial system will drag down the economy.A shallownessB shakinessC scantiness（B）D stiffness33.Crisis would be the right term to describe the _ in many animal species.A minimizationB restrictionC descent（D）D decline34.The city is an importa

21、nt railroad _ and industrial and convention center.A conjunctionB networkC junction（C）D link35.Prof. White, my respected tutor, frequently reminds me to _ myself of every chance to improve my English.A assureB informC avail（C）D notify36.Researchers discovered that plants infected with a virus give o

22、ff a gas that _ disease resistance in neighboring plants.A contractsB activatesC maintains（B）D prescribes37.Corporations and labor unions have _ great benefits upon their employees and members as well as upon the general public.A conferredB grantedC flung（A）D submitted38.The movement of the moon con

23、veniently provided the unit of month, which was _ from one new moon to the next.A measuredB reckonedC judged（B）D assessed39.The judge ruled that the evidence was inadmissible on the grounds that it was _ to the issue at hand.A irrationalB unreasonableC invalid（D）D irrelevant40.Fuel scarcities and pr

24、ice increases _ automobile designers to scale down the largest models and to develop completely new lines of small cars and trucks.A persuadedB promptedC imposed（B）D enlightenedSection IICloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C and

25、D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)Industrial safety does not just happen. Companies low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep the

26、m and active. When the work is well done, a of accident-free operations is established time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum.Successful safety programs may greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program. Some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe

27、work practices by rules or regulations. others depend on an emotional appeal to the worker. But, there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained.There can be no question about the value of a safety program. From a financial standpoint alone, saf

28、ety . The fewer the injury , the better the workmans insurance rate. This may mean the difference between operating at or at a loss.41.A atB inC on（D）D with42.A aliveB vividC mobile（A）D diverse43.A regulationB climateC circumstance（B）D requirement44.A whereB howC what（A）D unless45.A alterB differC s

29、hift（B）D distinguish46.A constitutingB aggravatingC observing（C）D justifying47.A SomeB ManyC Even（D）D Still48.A comes offB turns upC pays off（C）D holds up49.A claimsB reportsC declarations（A）D proclamations50.A an advantage B a benefitC an interest（D）D a profitSection IIIReading ComprehensionDirecti

30、ons:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked A, B, C and D. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets

31、 with a pencil. (40 points)Text 1Its a rough world out there. Step outside and you could break a leg slipping on your doormat. Light up the stove and you could burn down the house. Luckily, if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster, a successful lawsuit might compensate you for your

32、troubles. Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s, when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers misfortunes.Feeling threatened, companies responded by writing ever-longer warning labels, trying to anticipate every possible accident. Today, stepladders carry labels se

33、veral inches long that warn, among other things, that you might - surprise! - fall off. The label on a childs Batman cape cautions that the toy “does not enable user to fly.”While warnings are often appropriate and necessary - the dangers of drug interactions, for example - and many are required by

34、state or federal regulations, it isnt clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured. About 50 percent of the companies lose when injured customers take them to court.Now the tide appears to be turning. As personal injury claims continue as bef

35、ore, some courts are beginning to side with defendants, especially in cases where a warning label probably wouldnt have changed anything. In May, Julie Nimmons, president of Schutt Sports in Illinois, successfully fought a lawsuit involving a football player who was paralyzed in a game while wearing

36、 a Schutt helmet. “Were really sorry he has become paralyzed, but helmets arent designed to prevent those kinds of injuries,” says Nimmons. The jury agreed that the nature of the game, not the helmet, was the reason for the athletes injury. At the same time, the American Law Institute - a group of j

37、udges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight - issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones. “Important information can get buried in a sea of trivialities,” s

38、ays a law professor at Cornell law School who helped draft the new guidelines. If the moderate end of the legal community has its way, the information on products might actually be provided for the benefit of customers and not as protection against legal liability.51.What were things like in 1980s w

39、hen accidents happened?A Customers might be relieved of their disasters through lawsuits.B Injured customers could expect protection from the legal system.C Companies would avoid being sued by providing new warnings.（B）D Juries tended to find fault with the compensations companies promised.52.Manufa

40、cturers as mentioned in the passage tend to _.A satisfy customers by writing long warnings on productsB become honest in describing the inadequacies of their productsC make the best use of labels to avoid legal liability（C）D feel obliged to view customers safety as their first concern53.The case of

41、Schutt helmet demonstrated that _.A some injury claims were no longer supported by lawB helmets were not designed to prevent injuriesC product labels would eventually be discarded（A）D some sports games might lose popularity with athletes54.The authors attitude towards the issue seems to be _.A biase

42、dB indifferentC puzzling（D）D objectiveText 2In the first year or so of Web business, most of the action has revolved around efforts to tap the consumer market. More recently, as the Web proved to be more than a fashion, companies have started to buy and sell products and services with one another. S

43、uch business-to-business sales make sense because businesspeople typically know what product theyre looking for.Nonetheless, many companies still hesitate to use the Web because of doubts about its reliability. “Businesses need to feel they can trust the pathway between them and the supplier,” says

44、senior analyst Blane Erwin of Forrester Research. Some companies are limiting the risk by conducting online transactions only with established business partners who are given access to the companys private intranet.Another major shift in the model for Internet commerce concerns the technology availa

45、ble for marketing. Until recently, Internet marketing activities have focused on strategies to “pull” customers into sites. In the past year, however, software companies have developed tools that allow companies to “push” information directly out to consumers, transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers. Most notably, the Pointcast Network uses a screen saver to deliver a continually updated stream of news and advertisements to subscribers computer monitors. Subscribers can customize the information they want to