新概念英语第二册笔记第课.doc

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1、Lesson 43 Over the South Pole飞越南极 How was the plane able to clear the mountains? In 1929, three years after his flight over the North Pole, the American explorer, R.E. Byrd, successfully flew over the South Pole for the first time. Though, at first, Byrd and his men were able to take a great many ph

2、otographs of the mountains that lay below, they soon ran into serious trouble. At one point, it seemed certain that their plane would crash. It could only get over the mountains if it rose to 10,000 feet. Byrd at once ordered his men to throw out two heavy food sacks. The plane was then able to rise

3、 and it cleared the mountains by 400 feet. Byrd now knew that he would be able to reach the South Pole which was 300 miles away, for there were no more mountains in sight. The aircraft was able to fly over the endless white plains without difficulty. 参考译文美国探险家 R.E. 伯德在飞越北极3年之后，于1929年第一次飞越了南极。虽然开始时伯德

4、和他的助手们拍下了飞机下面连绵群山的大量照片，但他们很快就陷入了困境。在有个地方，飞机似乎肯定要坠毁了。只有在飞至10,000英尺的高度时，它才能飞过这些山头。伯德马上命令他的助手们把两个沉重的食物袋扔掉，于是飞机可以上升了，它在离山头400英尺的高度飞越了过去。伯德这时知道他能够顺利飞抵300英里以外的南极了，因为前面再没有山了。飞机可以毫无困难地飞过这片茫茫无际的白色原野！一、 单词讲解New words and expressionspole n. （地球的）极flight n. 飞行explorer n. 探险家lie v. 处于serious adj. 严重的point n. 地点s

5、eem v. 似乎crash v. 坠毁sack n. 袋子clear v. 越过aircraft n. 飞机endless adj. 无尽的plain n. 平原pole n1)波兰人Poland波兰2)（地球的）极，极地the North Pole 北极the South Pole 南极Pole-star /the North Star北极星3)电极，磁极the positive pole 正极the negative pole 负极4)杆，棒，柱a flag pole 旗杆a telephone pole 线杆flight n1)飞行，航班eg: This is his first fl

6、ight over the North Pole.这是他第一次飞跃北极。All flights have been cancelled because of the fog.因为雾的原故，所有的航班被取消了。flight recorder飞行记录器，黑匣子2)（飞鸟的）群，（飞机的）一队a flight of wild geese-群飞雁goose gu:s鹅 geese gi: s (pl. )3) 一段楼梯a flight of stairs一段楼梯in the first flight（英）站在最前头，一流的fly-flew-flownexplorer n探险家explore v探险，勘

7、探explore the North Pole 探索北极explore the virgin forest考察原始森林例: We explored the newly discovered island.我们去探测那个新发现的小岛。explorer n探险家explorer n勘探者，探险者例: Columbus was one of the greatest explorers.哥伦布是最伟大的探险家之一。a polar explorer 极地探险家polar a（近）地极的；磁极的；正好相反的liel)v.说谎 lie-lied-lied-lying例：She lies about her

8、 age 她就年龄说谎了。2)n谎话tell a lie 说谎话a black lie 恶意的谎言a white lie 善意的谎言live a lie 过骗人的生活，虚伪做人live a cat-and-dog life 过天天吵架的生活3)v，平躺，位于lie-lay-lainlie on one s back 平躺着lie on one s stomach 趴着lie in bed 躺在床上例: Let sleeping dogs lie.别惊动睡着的狗； 别惹是生非；别自找麻烦。Beijing lies in the heart of China.北京位于中国的心脏地带。lie (说谎

9、) -lied-lied-lyinglie（躺，位于,）-lay-lain-lyinglay（放，置于,下蛋）-laid-laid-laying例：Taiwan lies in the east of China 台湾位于中国东部。Lay the book where it was 把书放回原处lay the table 放桌子lay the egg 下蛋serious adj.1)严肃的，正经的a serious conversation 一次严肃的谈话a serious person 一个严肃的人例：I m serious this time. 我这次是认真的。2)重大的，危险的(grav

10、e)，（疾病，伤痛等）严重的a serious problem 严重的问题a serious mistake 一个严重的错误a serious accident 重大的事故a serious trouble, 重大的麻烦例：Take it easy. Nothing serious别紧张，没什么严重的。seriously adv.认真地；危险地例：Dont look at me so seriously.别那样一本正经地看着我。He was seriously injured in the traffic accident.他在交通事故中受伤严重。point n1)尖端，尖头a knife-p

11、oint 刀尖a pencil- point铅笔尖2)点（几何中）例：AB and CD intersect at point PAB及CD交于P点。3)小数点，句号2. 6读作：two point six4）要点beside the point 离题的get to the point 言归正传5)地点，位置a particular point 某个地点a point of departure 出发点a turning point 转折点at one point 在某个地方，在某一时刻或瞬间strong points 优点weak points 缺点seem看起来（不用于进行时态）appear

12、seem to be看起来是例: it seems to be the best answer.这看起来是最佳答案了。seem like看起来像例: It seems like a disaster at this moment.在此刻，这看起来使一场灾难。It seems that 一看起来是例：It seems that she is right看起來她是对的。It seems as if/as though看起来就像一样例：It seemed as if he would win。起来就像他会赢一样。crash1)v突然倒下，撞击发出声响，哗啦一声地沖撞（毁损）例: The dishes

13、 crashed to the floor.餐具稀里哗啦掉到地上去了。The wall crashed down 那面墙哗啦一声倒塌了。2)V猛撞，撞毁例: The plane crashed in the mountains.飞机在山脉里面撞毀了。He crashed his car into the wall他的车撞到墙上去了。A China plane crashed in Korea recently.前不久一架中国飞机在韩国坠毀了。3)n相撞，（飞机的）坠毁、迫降，哗啦声，轰隆声例： All the passengers were killed in the plane crash.

14、在飞机失事中所有的乘客都丧生了。a crash of thunder雷声轰鸣sack n1)大口袋，大袋子a sack of rice 一袋大米a sack of food 一袋食物put flour in the sack 把面粉装进口袋去2)（美）（超级市场等供给顾客的）购物袋a paper sack纸袋3)(口)解雇，革职get the sack 被解雇give a person the sack 解雇sack(v)sb解雇4)床，睡袋hit the sack （美口）就寝睡觉hold the sack 背黑锅，被留下来负担全责clear1)adj清楚的，明白的，明显的例： Are yo

15、u clear? 你听明白了吗？I can hear you loud and clear 我听得非常的清楚和明白。2)V移走clear the table 撤桌子，拣桌子clear ones throat 清嗓子clear snow from the streets 清理路面积雪3)V经过或越过(get past or over without touching it)例: The horse cleared the fence easily.那匹马很容易的越过栅栏了The plane cleared the mountains at last.飞机终于越过山脉了。clear up 天空放晴

16、例：The sky cleared up just after the rain 雨过天晴了。clear away消除clear away obstacles消除障碍aircraft n.飞机Plane/airplane/aeroplane/tin-birdbomber 轰炸机fighter 战斗机aircraft 飞行器，飞机，飞艇，飞船helicopter 直升飞机shuttle 航天飞机endless adj. 无尽的endn末端，尽头，极限the end of a road 一条路的尽头the end of a stick 一条棍子的尽头the end of a line 一条线的尽头

17、a cigarette end 香烟头candle ends 蜡烛头2)n结束，终止，终结at the end of the year 在年末at the end of the century在世纪末端in the end(at last/finally)最后，终于例： He said hes love her till the end of time.他说他将爱她到地老天荒。He is nearing his end=He is dying他快要死了。习语idiom:burn the candle at both ends 劳累过度，过分消耗精力end to end 首尾相接成一行make

18、both ends meet 使收支相抵ending n 结尾，结局（尤指故事，电影，或戏剧）endless adj无尽的without end)the endless road 无尽的路the endless plain 一望无际的大平原the endless wait 没完没了的等待例：The lecture seemed endless那场演讲好像没完没了-less（表否定含义的形容词）hopeless 毫无希望的treeless 光秃秃的，没树的helpless 无助的careless 粗心大意的useless 毫无作用的merciless 不宽恕的，不仁慈的valueless/wor

19、thless 毫无价值的plain1) n平原，旷野the plains of central Canada加拿大中部的大平原a vast plain 大平原a grassy plain 草原2) adj. easy to see, hear or understand clear清楚的，明白的例：The notes you took are very plain你做的笔记非常清楚。as plain as the nose on ones face 一清二楚， 显而易见3) adj普通的，平常的plain clothes普通衣服，便服，（尤指警察的便装）plant卧底，眼线plain peop

20、le平民4) adj朴素的，简朴的，（服装等）无装饰的plain living 朴素的生活a plain gray dress 素静的黑色衣服plain food 清淡的食物to be plain with you对你直说二、关键句型Key structurescan/be able to1can只有现在是和过去时，can-could，此外could有时并不强调过去，而表示请求，更加礼貌，客气。be able to可用于各种时态。例：Can I use your telephone? 我能用你的 吗？Could I use your telephone?例：Hell come if he ca

21、n 要他能够的话他回來的。Hell come if he is able to.例: I can see you tomorrow 我明天能见到你。III be able to see you tomorrow.例：I couldnt understand him 我不明白他。I wasnt able to understand him.例: He said he could see me next week.他说他下周能见到我。He said he would be able to see me next week.2当我们要表明一个动作已经成功地完成的时候，我们必须用was/were ab

22、le to， 不能用could.例： He was able to go to London yesterday and he enjoyed himself very much.他昨天去了伦敦，而且玩得非常高兴。例: He didnt agree with me at first, but I was able to persuade him.他开始不同意我的观点，但我最终说服了他。例: He was able to leave Europe before the war began.他在战争开始之前就己经离开了欧洲。三、 课文讲解TextIn 1929, three years after

23、 his flight over the North Pole, the American explorer, R.E. Byrd, successfully flew over the South Pole for the first time. for the first time 第一次first and foremost 首要的是first, last and all the time 始终如一，贯彻到底fly over 飞越Though, at first, Byrd and his men were able to take a great many photographs of

24、the mountains that lay below, they soon ran into serious trouble. take photos 拍照a great many +(pl) 许多，大量run into trouble/ get into trouble 惹上麻烦ask for trouble/ask for it 白找麻烦shake off the trouble 摆脱麻烦At one point, it seemed certain that their plane would crash. 有关at的短语：例： At first Byrd and his men w

25、ere able to take photographs.起初，首先Byrd at once ordered his men to throw out two food sacks.伯德立刻要求助手把两袋食物扔了出去。at once表示立刻，马上例: Billy is not at home at present. He is at school.现在，比勒不在家，在上学呢。at home 在家at present 现在at school 在上学例 : After walking for several hours, we arrived at the village at last.走了几个

26、小时之后，我们终于到达这个小村庄了。It s a pity you cant come to the concert .At any way, youll be able to hear it on the radio.你不能来音乐会真是人遗憾了，但是不管怎么说你可以在收音机里听到他。at any way不管怎么说I know he s often rude to people, but he s a very pleasant person at heart.我知道他有时候对人不礼貌，但是从本质上讲他是一个非常好的人。从本质上来讲at heartI didnt know you wouldn

27、t be coming. At least you could have telephoned me.我不知道你不能来，至少你也应该给我打个 啊。at least至少He behaves very strangely at times他有时候确实古怪。at times有时候I don t know what I can do about it I m completely at a loss.我不知我能做什么，我真的不知我如何是好。at a loss不知如何是好，茫然，困惑it seemed certain that类似 it seemed to be sure thatIt could on

28、ly get over the mountains if it rose to 10,000 feet. get over/fly over /clear飞越rise to升至 rise-rose-risenByrd at once ordered his men to throw out two heavy food sacks. at once表示立刻，马上throw out拋出，丢弃throw away拋弃例：Throw those old magazines away 把那些旧杂志扔扔掉。throw up放弃（职业，学业等）：呕吐The plane was then able to r

29、ise and it cleared the mountains by 400 feet. by prep.1)住旁边by the fire住火旁边by the lake住湖旁边2)经过，沿着例: He came through the field, not by the road.他不是沿着马路，而是直接穿过田野来的。3)在之前例: I have to go back by ten o clock.我必须在10点钟之前回去。4)以，用.by train坐火车by phone通过 by airmail用航空邮寄5)相差.左右，一个接一个例: She is taller than I by th

30、ree centimeters.她比我高三厘米。We defeated the opposing team by 3 runs.我们以3分的优势击败对方。Byrd now knew that he would be able to reach the South Pole which was 300 miles away, for there were no more mountains in sight. because，通常表示说话人认为这种理由或原因是听话人所不知道的。例: He didnt attend the meeting because he had too much work

31、to do。他没有参加会是因为他有太多工作要做了。for1)表因果关系时，可及because互换，但只能放在主句后，不能放在句首。例: He could not have seen me, for I was not there.他不可能看见我，因为我没在那。2)还可以表示补充的解释或判断，不可用because代替。（显而易见的理由）例: It rained last night, for the ground is wet.昨天晚下雨了，因为地是湿的。since表原因，是指人们一致的事实，“既然”eg: Since he can t answer the question, youd bet

32、ter ask someone else.既然他不能回答这问题，你就最好问别人吧。as比since语气更弱，译作“既然， 由于.在含有since，as的句子里，全句重点放在从句的内容上，因为其理由或原因在说话人看来己经很明显，或为听话人所熟悉。in sight 视线之内out of sight 视线之外The aircraft was able to fly over the endless white plains without difficulty.without difficulty 毫无困难的with no difficulty 毫无困难的with some difficulty 有

33、一定的困难with much difficulty 有很多困难with great difficulty 有极大的困难with little difficulty 几乎没有困难was able to 成功做成.Special difficulties用带有at的词组来替换句中括号部分，如有必要可作些改动。l. We found our way home (in the end).We found out way home at last.2. He stayed(in the house) all day yesterday.He stayed at home all day yesterda

34、y.3. You must write to him (immediately).You must write to him at once.4.He cannot see you (now) as he is busy.He cannot see you at the moment as he is busy.5. He annoys me (sometimes).He annoys me at times.6. When I saw that the house was on fire I (didnt know what to do).When I saw that the house

35、was on fire I was at a loss.7. (When it began) I thought it would be a good film but I was wrong.At first I thought it would be a good film but I was wrong.四、练习Exercisesl. Did the mountains _ far below?A. lie B. laid C. lay D. lain山脉是远远的下方吗？分析：A躺，出于某种状态，位于； B置，放，是lie的过去式C是lay的过去式和过去分词 D是lie的过去分词答案是A

36、2. It could only get over the mountains if it rose to l0,000 feet. This means it _ over the mountains.A. would succeed in getting B. gotC. was able to get D. had got只有飞机升之10，000英尺的高度，他才有可能飞越这个山脉。分析：表示对想象的条件所做出的推測。B是过去式，表示过去发生的情况。C表示过去成功的完成。D表示过去早己完成的动作。答案是A3. The plane was then able to rise. This means it_.A. could rise B. might riseC. might succeed in rising D. rose于是飞机上升了分析：A，B，C都表示对没发生的事情的推测答案是D4. I should like to rent a house, modern, comfortable and _ in a quiet neighborhood.A. in all B. above all C. after all D. at all分析：A。总共； C毕竟： D根本用于否定或疑问句。答案是B （尤其是）第 10 页