2017年12月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案(完整版-第3套).docx

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1、2017年12月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案（完整版 第3套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying Help others, and you will be helped when you are in need. You can cite examples to illustrate your views. You should write at least 150 words but

2、no more than 200 words._Part IIListeningComprehension(30minutes)说明：由于2017年12月六级考试全国共考了2套听力，本套真题听力及前2套内容完全一样，只是顺序不一样，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank fr

3、om a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not u

4、se any of the words in the bank more than once.Many European countries have been making the shift to electric vehicles and Germany has just stated that they plan to ban the sale of vehicles using gasoline and diesel as fuel by 2030. The country is also planning to reduce its carbon footprint by 80-9

5、5% by 2050,26a shift to green energy in the country. Effectively, the ban will include the registration of new cars in the country as they will not allow any gasoline27vehicle to be registered after 2030.Part of the reason this ban is being discussed and28is because energy officials see that they wi

6、ll not reach their emissions goals by 2050 if they do not29a large portion of vehicle emissions. The country is still30that it will meet its emissions goals, like reducing emissions by 40% by 2020, but the31of electric cars in the country has not occurred as fast as ejected.Other efforts to increase

7、 the use of electric vehicles include plans to build over 1 million hybrid and electric car battery changing stations across the country. By 2030, Germany plans on having over 6 million charging stations32. According to the International Business Times, electric car sales are expected to increase as

8、 Volkswagen is still recovering from its emissions scandal.There are33around 155,000 registered hybrid and electric vehicles on German roads, dwarfed by the 45 million gasoline and diesel cars driving there now. As countries continue setting goals of reducing emissions, greater steps need to be take

9、n to have a34effect on the surrounding environment. While the efforts are certainly not35, the results of such bans will likely only start to be seen by generations down the line, bettering the world for the future.A) acceptance B) currently C) disrupting D) eliminate E) exhaust F) futile G) hopeful

10、 H) implemented I) incidentally J) installed K) noticeable L) powered M) restoration N) skeptical O) sparkingSection BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the parag

11、raph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Apples Stance Highlights a More Confrontational Tech IndustryA The battle between Apple and law en

12、forcement officials over unlocking a terrorists smartphone is the culmination of a slow turning of the tables between the technology industry and the United States government.B After revelations by the former National Security Agency contractor Edward J. Snowden in 2013 that the government both cozi

13、ed up to (讨好) certain tech companies and hacked into others to gain access to private data on an enormous scale, tech giants began to recognize the United States government as a hostile actor. But if the confrontation has crystallized in this latest battle, it may already be heading toward a predict

14、able conclusion: In the long run, the tech companies are destined to emerge victorious.C It may not seem that way at the moment. On the one side, you have the United States governments mighty legal and security apparatus fighting for data of the most sympathetic sort: the secrets buried in a dead ma

15、ss murderers phone. The action steins from a federal court order issued on Tuesday requiring Apple to help the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) to unlock an iPhone used by one of the two attackers who killed 14 people in San Bernardino, California, in December.D In the other corner is the world

16、s most valuable company, whose chief executive, Timothy Cook, has said he will appeal the courts order. Apple argues that it is fighting to preserve a principle that most of us who are addicted to our smartphones can defend: Weaken a single iPhone so that its contents can be viewed by the American g

17、overnment and you risk weakening all iPhones for any government intruder, anywhere.E There will probably be months of legal confrontation, and it is not at all clear which side will prevail in court, nor in the battle for public opinion and legislative favor. Yet underlying all of this is a simple d

18、ynamic: Apple, Google, Facebook and other companies hold most of the cards in this confrontation. They have our data, and their businesses depend on the global publics collective belief that they will do everything they can to protect that data.F Any crack in that front could be fatal for tech compa

19、nies that must operate worldwide. If Apple is forced to open up an iPhone for an American law enforcement investigation, what is to prevent it from doing so for a request from the Russians or the Iranians? If Apple is forced to write code that lets the FBI get into the Phone 5c used by Syed Rizwan F

20、arook, the male attacker in the San Bernardino attack, who would be responsible if some hacker got hold of that code and broke into its other devices?G Apples stance on these issues emerged post-Snowden, when the company started putting in place a series of technologies that, by default, make use of

21、 encryption (加密）to limit access to peoples data. More than that, Appleand, in different ways, other tech companies, including Google, Facebook, Twitter and Microsofthave made their opposition to the governments claims a point of corporate pride.H Apples emerging global brand is privacy; it has stake

22、d its corporate reputation, not to mention the investment of considerable technical and financial resources, on limiting the sort of mass surveillance that was uncovered by Mr. Snowden. So now, for many cases involving governmental intrusions into data, once-lonely privacy advocates find themselves

23、fighting alongside the most powerful company in the world.I A comparison point is in the 1990s battles over encryption, said Kurt Opsahl, general counsel of the Electronic Frontier Foundation, a privacy watchdog group. Then you had a few companies involved, but not one of the largest companies in th

24、e world coming out with a lengthy and impassioned post, like we saw yesterday from Timothy Cook. Its pro really been raised.J Apple and oilier tech companies hold another ace: the technical means to keep making their devices more and more inaccessible. Note that Apples public opposition to the gover

25、nments request is itself a hindrance to mass government intrusion. And to get at the contents of a single iPhone, the government says it needs a court order and Apples help to write new code; in earlier versions of the iPhone, ones that were created before Apple found religion on (热衷于) privacy, the

26、FBI might have been able to break into the device by itself.K You can expect that noose (束缚) to continue to tighten. Experts said that whether or not Apple loses this specific case, measures that it could put into place in the future will almost certainly be able to further limit the governments rea

27、ch.L That is not to say that the outcome of the San Bernardino case is insignificant. As apple and several security experts have argued, an order compelling Apple to write software that gives the FBI access to the iPhone in question would establish an unsettling precedent. The order essentially asks

28、 Apple to hack its own devices, and once it is in place, the precedent could be used to justify law enforcement efforts to get around encryption technologies in other investigations far removed from national security threats.M Once aimed with a method for gaining access to iPhones, the government co

29、uld ask to use it proactively (先发制人地), before a suspected terrorist attackleaving Apple in a bind as to whether to comply or risk an attack and suffer a public-relations nightmare. This is a brand new move in the war against encryption, Mr. Opsahl said. We have had plenty of debates in Congress and

30、the media over whether the government should have a backdoor, and this is an end run (迂回战术) around thathere they come with an order to create that backdoor.N Yet it is worth noting that even if Apple ultimately loses this case, it has plenty of technical means to close a backdoor over time. If they

31、are anywhere near worth their salt as engineers, I bet they are rethinking their threat model as we speak, said Jonathan Zdziarski, a digital expert who studies the iPhone and its vulnerabilities.O One relatively simple fix, Mr. Zdziarski said, would be for Apple to modify future versions of the iPh

32、one to require a user to enter a passcode before the phone will accept the sort of modified operating system that the FBI wants Apple to create. That way, Apple could not unilaterally introduce a code that weakens the iPhonea user would have to consent to it.P Nothing is 100 percent hacker-proof, Mr

33、. Zdziarski said, but he pointed out that the judges order in this case required Apple to provide reasonable security assistance to unlock Mr. Farooks phone. If Apple alters the security model of future iPhones so that even its own engineers reasonable assistance will not be able to crack a given de

34、vice when compelled by the government, a precedent set in this case might lose its lasting force. In other words, even if the FBI wins this case, in the long run, it loses.36. It is a popular belief that tech companies are committed to protecting their customers private data.37. The US government be

35、lieves that its access to peoples iPhones could be used to prevent terrorist attacks.38. A federal court asked Apple to help the FBI access data in a terrorists iPhone.39. Privacy advocates now have Apple fighting alongside them against government access to personal data.40. Snowden revealed that th

36、e American government had tried hard to access private data on a massive scale.41. The FBI might have been able to access private data in earlier iPhones without Apples help.42. After the Snowden incident, Apple made clear its position to counter government intrusion into personal data by means of e

37、ncryption.43. According to one digital expert, no iPhone can be entirely free from hacking.44. Timothy Cooks long web post has helped enhance Apples image.45. Apples CEO has decided to appeal the federal courts order to unlock a users iPhone.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section.

38、Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are base

39、d on the following passage.At the base of a mountain in Tanzanias Gregory Rift, Lake Natron burns bright red, surrounded by the remains of animals that were unfortunate enough to fall into the salty water. Bats, swallows and more are chemically preserved in the pose in which they perished, sealed in

40、 the deposits of sodium carbonate in the water. The lakes landscape is bizarre and deadlyand made even more so by the fact that its the place where nearly 75 percent of the worlds flamingos (火烈鸟）are born.The water is so corrosive that it can burn the skin and eyes of unadapted animals. Flamingos, ho

41、wever, are the only species that actually makes life in the midst of all that death. Once every three or four years, when conditions are right, the lake is covered with the pink birds as they stop flight to breed. Three-quarters of the worlds flamingos fly over from other salt lakes in the Rift Vall

42、ey and nest on salt-crystal islands that appear when the water is at a specific leveltoo high and the birds cant build their nests, too low and predators can move briskly across the lake bed and attack. When the water hits the right level, the baby birds are kept safe from predators by a corrosive d

43、itch.Flamingos have evolved very leathery skin on their legs so they can tolerate the salt water, says David Harper, a professor at the University of Leicester. Humans cannot, and would die if their legs were exposed for any length of time. So far this year, water levels have been too high for the f

44、lamingos to nest.Some fish, too, have had limited success vacationing at the lake as less salty lagoons (泻湖) form on the outer edges from hot springs flowing into Lake Natron. Three species of tilapia (罗非鱼) thrive there part-time. Fish have a refuge in the streams and can expand into the lagoons whe

45、n the lake is low and the lagoons are separate, Harper said. All the lagoons join when the lake is high and fish must retreat to their stream refuges or die. Otherwise, no fish are able to survive in the naturally toxic lake.This unique ecosystem may soon be under pressure. The Tanzanian government

46、has once again started mining the lake for soda ash, used for making chemicals, glass and detergents. Although the planned operation will be located more than 40 miles away, drawing the soda ash in through pipelines, conservationists worry it could still upset the natural water cycle and breeding gr

47、ounds. For now, though, life prevailseven in a lake that kills almost everything it touches.46. What can we learn about Lake Natron?A) It is simply uninhabitable for most animals.B) It remains little known to the outside world.C) It is a breeding ground for a variety of birds.D) It makes an ideal ha

48、bitat for lots of predators.47. Flamingos nest only when the lake water is at a specific level so that their babies can.A) find safe shelter more easilyB) grow thick feathers on their feetC) stay away from predatorsD) get accustomed to the salty water48. Flamingos in the Rift Valley are unique in that.A) they can move swiftly across lagoonsB) they can survive well in salty waterC) they breed naturally in corrosive ditchesD) they know where and w