北上语法最新版2021(1).docx

《北上语法最新版2021(1).docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《北上语法最新版2021(1).docx（42页珍藏版）》请在得力文库 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、专项训练一 语法一 非谓语动词非谓语动词指分词、不定式和动名词。它们在句中不能单独作谓语，不受主语人称和数的限制，可充当除谓语外的各种句子成分。在各类考试中，非谓语动词为语法测试的重中之重。分词英语中分词包括现在分词和过去分词，其基本形态为v-ing和v-ed。现在分词与过去分词的区别主要表现在语态和时间概念上。在语态上，现在分词（除被动式外）表示主动含义，过去分词表示被动含义。在时间上，现在分词表示动作正在进行。过去分词表示动作已完成。例如：developing countries (发展中国家)/developed countries (发达国家)，the touching tale(动人

2、的传说) the touched audience(受感动的观众)。现在分词（1）作定语 现在分词作定语时多置于它所修饰的名词前。例如： a pressing question （一个紧迫的问题），an embarrassing question （一个令人难堪的问题） 现在分词短语一般都置于它所修饰的名词之后。例如：a little child learning to walk （学走路的小孩子）（2）作状语现在分词及其短语也可作状语，表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。其动作可能发生在谓语动词之前或之后，也可能与谓语动词的动作同时发生。1表示时间。例如：Walking on

3、 the street, I met an old classmate of mine.强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，现在分词之前可用连词when或while。例如：When seeing those pictures, he couldnt help thinking of his childhood. 表示原因。例如：Being sick, I stayed at home. 表示条件。例如：Adopting this method, we will solve this problem. 表示让步。例如：Admitting what she has said, I still thin

4、k she hasnt tried her best. 表示结果。例如：His wife died last year, leaving him three children.It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that country. 表示方式或伴随情况。例如：He ran up to her breathing heavily.例题1) While the sun, the satellite has sent more than four billion bits of information back to earth.A. h

5、aving orbited B. being orbitedC. having been orbited D. orbiting 2) the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth. A. Having believed B. BelievingC. Believed D. Being believed A. to permit B. permittedC. being permitting D. permittingA. only differs in degree B

6、. only in degree it differsC. differing only in degree D. and differing in degree only5) Some people are strolling along the lake side, _.A. chatting and to laugh B. to chat and to laughC. chatting and laughing D. chatting and laughed 过去分词（1）作定语过去分词可在句中作定语。如果是单词作定语时常置于它所修饰的名词前；如果是短语作定语时常置于它所修饰的词后。例如

7、：Did you pay a visit to the tomb of the unknown soldier?The problems discussed at the conference need to be solved immediately.（2）作状语过去分词及其短语也可作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。 表示时间。例如：Heated, the metals expand.Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent. 表示原因。例如：Confined to bed, she needed to be waite

8、d on in everything.Born and bred in the countryside, he was bewildered by the big city. 表示条件。例如： 表示让步。例如：Considered as a building material, wood is not very strong. 表示方式或伴随。例如：He went back to his home village, frustrated.例题1) Michael used to look hurt and surprised when . A. scolding B. to scoldC. h

9、aving scolded D. scolded 2) The speaker, for her splendid speeches, was warmly received by the audience. A. having known B. being knownC. knowing D. known3) That the brain, once oxygen, dies has been proved. A. depriving of B. deprived of C. being deprived D. deprivedA. Though it written B. Though w

10、rittenC. It was written D. Written it was5) into the hospital, she was asked a few questions by the doctor.A. Being wheeled B. Having wheeledC. Having wheeling D. Wheeling3 分词独立结构（1） 分词独立结构在句中作状语。 当分词短语作状语时，它逻辑上的主语一般须与句子的主语保持一致。如果不一致，分词短语前需带其逻辑主语（名词或代词），构成分词独立结构。它作用同分词短语作状语基本相同，表示伴随的动作或情况，表示时间、原因或条件

11、等。在分词独立结构中，逻辑主语与现在分词为主动关系，与过去分词为被动关系，两者已形成完整概念。因此，不必像分词短语作状语时那样考虑和句子主语的逻辑关系。例句他在医院住了三个月，所有费用都由公司负担。（补充说明）2) The child rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat.这孩子满脸是汗地跑进屋来。（伴随情况）3) The students having done all the exercises, the teacher went on to explain the text.等学生做完所有练习后，老师开始讲解课文。（完成式独立

12、结构表示时间）4) So many people being absent, we decided to put the meeting off. 这么多人缺席，我们决定会议延期举行。（原因）5) All things considered, his article is of greater value than yours.从各方面考虑，他的文章比你的更有价值。（条件）（2）独立主格结构有时也可以用with或without引导。 当with引起分词独立结构时，with本身只起引导作用，表示某种状态。分词则根据引出的名词或代词进行选择。用法与普通分词独立结构相同，不过很少出现分词的完成式。w

13、ith带不定式复合结构，一般用于表示将来的概念。例句 1) With her taking care of him, you have nothing to worry about. 2) With all factors considered, this plan may be better than all others. 例题1）Silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper it closely. A. followed B. followingC. to follow D. being followed2) All flight

14、s because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train. A. had been canceled B. have been canceled C. were canceled D. having been canceled 3) All things , the planned trip will have to be called off. A. considered B. be consideredC. considering D. having considered 4) The d

15、ecision , what we should do now is to carry it out.A. been made B. has been madeC. having been made D. having been making5) Maggie ran back to the kitchen, eggs carefully in her hands.A. to be held B. heldC. were held D. holding4 分词用作宾语补语的用法现在分词多在下列两类动词之后作宾补：感觉动词：see, hear, watch, catch, feel, find,

16、 look at, listen to等动词及短语动词。使役动词: leave, keep等。例句1) Suddenly he heard someone knocking gently on the window.2) Once I caught him dozing off in class.过去分词作宾补常跟在下列动词之后： make, have, keep ,get 5 特别的使役动词Let, make, have等的用法1) Let him know the plan2) He made me cry3) He tried to make himself understood/hea

17、rd4) He had me sit down and calm down5) I had my watch stolen6) I had my hair cut例题1) His remarks left me about his real purpose.A. wondered B. wonderC. to wonder D. wondering 2) When I caught him I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop.A. cheating B. cheatC. to cheat D.

18、to be cheating3) Dont get your schedule ; stay with us in this class.A. to change B. changingC. changed D. change4) In the United States, the Chinese make their influence in science.A. feeling B. feltC. feel D. to be felt5) He promised to keep me well of how our business was going on.A. to be inform

19、ed B. on informingC. informing D. informed不定式 不定式是指to + 动词原形(使用中有时不带to)，不定式在句中可以作主语及主补，也可以给很多动词作宾语及宾补；不定式在句中还可以起形容词或副词的作用，可以作定语和状语。.例题 1) They were forced their motherland.A. leaving B. to leaveC. having left D. to have left2) It took me three years this research.（1）有些动词后面，要求用不带to的不定式作宾语补语。这样的动词有：ha

20、ve, let, make, hear, see等。但是当这些动词用于被动语态时，后面的动词不定式则必须带to。（2）在cannot(help) but, do nothing but(except), had better, rather than, would ratherthan , 和would sooner than等结构后要求不带to的动词不定式。例题1) The ability to speak several languages enables him a good job.A. to get B. gettingC. to have got D. having got2) H

21、e had his sister his paper for him.A. to type B. to have typedC. typing D. type3) Tim cannot but his classmates to help him solve some math problems. A. to ask B. askC. asking D. asked4) He was made the truth at last.A. to tell B. tellingC. being told D. having told3不定式作定语Hes a pleasant fellow to wo

22、rk with.Theres nothing to worry about.Women should have the right to receive education.例题1) Where shall I put my boxes? The drawer is the place .A. to put them B. putting them inC. to put in them D. to put them in2) I think he has little chance the game.A. winning B. winC. to win D. won4不定式作状语（1） 作目

23、的状语To save the earth, we must prevent the earth from being polluted.I shut the door quietly, so as not to wake the baby.（2） 作结果状语。We came home after our holiday to find our garden neat and tidy.She left home, never to return again.例题1) The revolutionary fighter would rather die with his head high th

24、an with knees bent.A. to live B. livingC. live D. lived2) The girl walked into the room quietly awake her roommates.A. so as to B. in order not toC. so as to not D. for not to动名词 动名词是一种非限定形式，由动词原形加词尾-ing构成。在句中起名词作用，即可作主语、表语、宾语、或介词的宾语，又具有动词的某些特征，可以有自己的宾语和状语。对动名词须重点掌握的主要包括：动名词作某些动词的宾语，动名词及其复合结构作介词宾语，动

25、名词作主语，动名词在作主语或宾语时与不定式的差异以及介词to后跟动名词等。1 常考的要求动名词作宾语的动词和动词短语admit 承认 risk 冒险 deny 否认 delay 耽误 enjoy 享受 suggest 建议 postpone 推迟 mind 介意 advise 劝告 excuse原谅 practice 练习 avoid 避免 miss 错过机会 resent 怨恨 dislike 讨厌escape 逃脱 appreciate 感激 involve 包含 consider 考虑 resist 抵制feel like 想要 put off 推迟 give up 放弃 object

26、to反对resort to求助 devote to献身于 look forward to期待be used to 习惯于 be opposed to反对 be accustomed to习惯于 例题1) Mark often attempts to escape whenever he breaks traffic regulations.A. having been fined B. to have been finedC. to be fined D. being finedA. to have heard B. to hearC. for hearing D. hearing3) The

27、y are considering -before the prices go up.A. Of buying the house B. with buying the houseC. buying the house D. to buy the houseA. writing B. to writeC. write D. having written5) Would you mind quiet for a moment? I am trying a form.A. keeping; filling out B. to keep; to fill outC. keeping; to fill

28、 out D. to keep; filling out 2 动名词的其它用法(1) 有时在形容词后面也要求用动名词，例如：busy, worth等。He is busy working now.This question is worth discussing.There is no point (in) thinking about it any more. 再想那件事没有意义。I had difficulty (in) understanding this theory.我很难理解这一理论。(3) 在its no use, its no sense, its no good, its n

29、ot much use后要求用in+动名词, in可以省略。但是在it is of no use后则要用动词不定式。例如：Its no use (in)discussing about it any more.Its no good(in) writing to him; he never answers letters.Its of no use to cry over spilt milk.(4)动词mean, remember, forget, regret, try, stop后跟不定式或动名词意思不同。mean to do 想要 remember to do 记住（要做某事）mean

30、 doing 意味着 remember doing 记得（做过某事）try to do 努力（做某事） forget to do 忘记（要做的事）try doing 试着（做某事） forget doing 忘记（已做的事）stop to do 停下来做另一件事 regret to do（对将要做的某事）遗憾stop doing 停止做某事 regret doing （对做过的事）后悔1) We must try to solve this problem.我们必须设法解决这个问题。2) We can try solving this problem in other ways.我们可以试用另

31、一些方法解决这一问题。3) You must remember to pay her for the ticket.你一定要记住把电影票的钱给她。4) I remember seeing you before.我记得以前见过你。(5) demand, deserve, need, require, want, ask等词既可以要求动名词作宾语，也可以要求动词不定式的被动式作宾语。例如；1) Johns house in the country wants painting.2) Johns house in the country wants to be painted.(6) 动名词可以作介

32、词的宾语，介词后的动名词可以有自己的逻辑主语。1) I apologize for not having kept my promise.2) We have often heard of his/him studying hard.例题1) I am thinking about whether this problem is worth .A. to be discussed B. being discussedC. discussing D. to discuss2）There is no point arguing about this trifle.A. in B. for C. w

33、ith D. ofA. to wait B. waitingC. to have waited D. having waited4) I forgot her that my coat buttons need to be sewn on.A. reminding B. having remindedC. to remind D. to have reminded5) The man in the corner confessed to a lie to the manager.A. have told B. be toldC. being told D. having told6) We a

34、re surprised at the exam.A. him not pass B. in order not passC. his not passing D. him not to pass练习题1. I dont remember to Professor Brown during my last visit to Harvard. A. having introduced B. having been introducedC. to have introduced D. to have been introduced2. As we approached the village we

35、 saw many new houses .A. built B. buildC. being built D. building3. Nobody enjoys having a tooth .A. drill and fill B. drilling and fillingC. to drill and fill D. drilled and filled4. The students expected there more reviewing classes before the examA. is B. to beC. being D. have been.5. She has no

36、pencil .A. to write about B. to write with C. to write D. to write in6. He prided himself on at chess.A. having never beaten B. having been never beaten C. having never been beaten D. never have been beaten7. Jane was scolded by the director because she left the office with the door .A. unlocked B.

37、not being lockedC. unlocking D. not locking8. After a whole days work, the old worker returned home, .A. hungry and felt exhausting B. hunger and exhaustedC. hungry and being exhausted D. hungry and exhausted9. The old writer could not sleep at night, his sorrows him no peace.A. gave B. have givenC.

38、 being given D. giving10. I was overjoyed at the news of my hometown so much progress.A. to make B. having madeC. made D. to have made11. The Red Cross help for refugees, two million dollars have been raised.A. appealing for B. appeals toC. appeals for D. has appealed for 12. Professor Tate about hi

39、m.A. heard the students talking B. heard the students to talkC. heard the students talk D. heard the talk by the students13. The children went there to watch the iron tower . A. to erect B. be erectedC. erecting D. being erected 14. No matter how frequently , the works of Beethoven always attract la

40、rge audiences.A. performing B. performedC. to be performed D. being performed 15. The pressure causes Americans to be energetic, but it also puts them under a constant emotional strain.16. I really appreciate to help me, but I will be able to manage by myself.A. you to offer B. your offeringC. that you offer D. that you are offering17. He didnt seem to mind TV while he was trying to study.A. their watching B. them watchingC. that they watch D. them to watch18. The brakes need .A. adj