2022年完整word版,年深圳新版牛津英语八年级下册Unit--Helping-those-in-need-重点词 .pdf

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1、2014 年深圳新版牛津英语八年级下册Unit-1-Helping-those-in-need-重点词1/7 2014 年深圳新版牛津英语八年级下册Unit 1 Helping those in need 重点词汇讲解第一课时：1.raise v.筹集；提升；增加第三人称单数：raises 过去式：raised 过去分词：raised 现在分词：raising 搭配：raise ones voice 提高嗓门；raise a family 养家糊口；raise money 筹款；raise price 提高价格；raise ones spirits 打起精神raise=keep 有“饲养，抚养

2、”的意思，如：raise cattle=keep cattle（饲养牲口）和 raise children（抚养孩子）辨析：raise,rise(rise-rose-risen)的区别(1)这两个词都有“提高，上升，增加”的意思，但其用法不同。raise是及物动词，其主语通常是人；而rise 是不及物动词，其主语通常是物。例如：The sun rises and bathes the earth.太阳升起，普照大地。(2)raise和 rise用于同一事物时含义不同。例如：The price of TV sets has been raised recently.最近电视机提价了。（政府或厂家

3、主动行动）The price of TV sets has risen recently.最近电视机提价了。（市场调节）2.permission n.=agreement 准许；批准Write a letter to the head teacher to ask permission to raise money.给校长写一封信请求允许筹钱。同根词：permit v.=allow you to do it 许可，准许；默许The guards permitted me to bring my camera and tape recorder.3.disabled adj.有伤残的；丧失能力的

4、；不中用I taught disabled children to sing.我教残疾的孩子唱歌。同根词：disable v.=make(sb.)unable to do sth.使无能力；使残废，使伤残He is disabled from voting.他失去了选举资格。enable v.=make(sb.)able to do sth.使（某人）能够做某事The new test should enable doctors to detect the disease early.名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 1 页，共 7 页 -2014 年深圳新版牛津英语八年级下册

5、Unit-1-Helping-those-in-need-重点词2/7 新的检测手段应该能够使医生们尽早查出这种疾病。搭配：mentally disabled 有智力缺陷learning disabilities 学习障碍4.offer v.=be willing to do something 主动提出Peter offered to teach them water-skiing.彼得主动提出教他们滑水。搭配：offer ones hand 伸出友好的手offer sb.sth.为某人提供某物They have offered me a large sum of money to go a

6、way.他们曾为我提供一大笔搬迁费辨析：provide,offer 的区别：provide 用于表示无主动慷慨之意地为人或物提供需要或有用的东西，仅仅是出于某种责任，强调提供必须用的东西，尤其是生活用品。常用于 provide sb.with sth.或 provide sth.for sb.的固定搭配中。offer 表示主动提供服务、工作等。常用于 offer sb.sth.或 offer sth.to sb.固定搭配中。例如：offer sb.主动提出帮助某人；offer sb.a good salary 给某人一个好工资。Somehow she managed to provide he

7、r children with food and clothing.她总算设法使她的孩子有饭吃，有衣穿。He offered me a glass of wine.=He offered a glass of wine to me.他端给我一杯酒。5.illness n.（某种）病The children there all suffer from serious illness.那里的孩子都遭受疾病的折磨。同根词：ill adj.有病的（比较级：worse,最高级：worst）辨析：ill,sick 的区别：ill 和 sick 都有“生病的；有病的”之意，但用法并不完全相同。ill 表示“

8、生病的；有病的”这一意思时，一般用作表语，不能作定语；而sick既可以作表语又可以作定语，如“病人”可以说 a sick man或 the sick,但不能说 an ill man 或 the ill。例如：She is ill/sick in bed.她卧病在床。She is looking after her sick father.她在照顾她生病的父亲。sick 有“恶心的；厌倦的”之意。例如：The smell makes me sick.这气味使我感到恶心。ill 作定语修饰名词时是“坏的；邪恶的”之意。例如：He is an ill man.他是一个邪恶的人。名师资料总结-精品资料

9、欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 2 页，共 7 页 -2014 年深圳新版牛津英语八年级下册Unit-1-Helping-those-in-need-重点词3/7 6.organize v.组织In the end,we all decided to organize a concert for Easter.最终，我们一致决定组织一场复活节音乐会。同根词：organization n.组织；机构；团体What do you know about our organization?关于我们的组织你知道些什么？7.express v.表达；表露This helps them express thei

10、r feelings.这有助于他们表达他们的情感。同根词：expression n.表现，表示，表达；表情She gave expression to her sadness.她流露出了悲伤之情。8.lonely adj.孤独的；寂寞的；荒凉的（比较级：lonelier 最高级：loneliest）It felt like the loneliest place in the world.感觉这就像是天底下最荒凉的地方。辨析：lonely,alone的区别：alone为形容词，意为“单独的”，只作表语，不能作定语。侧重说明独自一人，没有助手或同伴，没有感情色彩的只表示客观的状态。lonely

11、意为“孤独的”，表示主观上感到孤独、寂寞，有较浓的感情色彩，指因缺少朋友、同情、友谊等产生的一种悲伤和忧郁的感情。它为形容词，在句中作表语或定语。作定语时，意为“荒凉；偏僻”，多修饰表示地点的名词。alone还可以作副词。alone adv.单独；独自She went home alone.=She went home by herself.她独自回家去了。The old man lives in a lonely town,he lives alone but he doest feel lonely.这位老人住在偏僻的镇上，他独自一人住着，但他并不感到孤独。第二课时：1.friendshi

12、p n.友情；友谊同根词：friend n.朋友复数：friends.I had a long talk about this with my best friend.friendly adj.友好的Robert has a friendly relationship with his customers.罗伯特和他的客户之间关系处得很好。friendliness n.友善She also loves the friendliness of the people.她也喜欢人们的友善。名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 3 页，共 7 页 -2014 年深圳新版牛津英语八年级下册U

13、nit-1-Helping-those-in-need-重点词4/7 2.difficulty n.=be not able to do something easily 困难；费劲The country is facing great economic difficulties.该国正面临巨大的经济困难。同根词：difficult adj.=hard to do 困难的The child is going through a difficult phase.那孩子正经历困难的阶段。搭配：have difficulty(in)doing something 做有困难I had no diffi

14、culty(in)making myself understood.我毫不费力地表达了自己的意思。in difficulty/difficulties 处境困难The bank is in difficulty/difficulties.这家银行处境困难。3.joy n.=a feeling of great happiness 愉快；喜悦I taught them to sing because music can bring them joy and peace.我教他们唱歌，因为音乐能带给他们喜悦与宁静。同根词：joyful n.快乐的，高兴的；令人开心的，使人喜悦的He was exc

15、ited and joyful at the success.他因成功而激动欣喜。搭配：to one s joy 令人高兴的是，使某人高兴的是To her joy her son was permitted to a key university.4.peace n.平静；宁静the Nobel Peace Prize 诺贝尔和平奖One more question and Ill leave you in peace.再问一个问题，我就不打扰你了。同根词：peaceful adj.和平的；爱好和平的；安静的；平静的Evening in the country is a very peacef

16、ul time.乡村里的今晚是平静安谧的时刻。5.hurt v.=injure 使疼痛；受伤Tim hurt his legs in an accident,but he has lots of courage.提姆在一次事故中伤了腿，但他很勇敢。同根词：hurt adj.受伤的；痛苦的；（受）损坏的They did not seem to be badly hurt.他们看起来没有受重伤。搭配：hurt oneself 受伤Have you hurt yourself?你伤着自己了吗？名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 4 页，共 7 页 -2014 年深圳新版牛津英语八年级下

17、册Unit-1-Helping-those-in-need-重点词5/7 6.courage n.勇气；勇敢He showed great courage and determination.他表现得十分勇敢和果断。同根词：encourage v.鼓励，鼓舞；支持；促进；鼓动My English teacher often encourages us to read English aloud.我的英语老师常常鼓励我们大声读英语。搭配：take one s courage in both hands 鼓起勇气去做；敢作敢为Taking her courage in both hands,she

18、 opened the door and walked in.她壮着胆打开门，走了进去。courage in the face of danger 面对危险时的胆量7.pay v.付款；偿还We paid?35 for each ticket.我们每张票付了35英镑。同根词：pay n.工资；薪水；报答They complained about their pay and conditions.他们抱怨他们的薪水和工作条件。搭配：pay off 偿清（债务）；支付（债务）的全部数额pay attention to 注意pay a visit to 去参观，拜访pay for 为付款辨析：spe

19、nd,take,cost 和 pay的用法区别：take,spend,cost,pay 都可以表示“花费”，但用法却不尽相同。spend的主语必须是人，常用于以下结构：(1)spend time/money on sth.在上花费时间（金钱）。例如：I spent two hours on this maths problem.这道数学题花了我两个小时。(2)spend time/money(in)doing sth.花费时间（金钱）做某事。例如：They spent two years(in)building this bridge.造这座桥花了他们两年时间。(3)spend money f

20、or sth.花钱买 例如：His money was spent for books.他的钱用来买书了。cost的主语是物或某种活动，还可以表示“值”，常见用法如下：(1)sth.costs(sb.)+金钱，某物花了（某人）多少钱。例如：A new computer costs a lot of money.(2)(doing)sth.costs(sb.)+时间，某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少时间。例如：Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time.他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 5 页

21、，共 7 页 -2014 年深圳新版牛津英语八年级下册Unit-1-Helping-those-in-need-重点词6/7 注意：cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost，并且不能用于被动句。take后面常跟双宾语，常见用法有以下几种：(1)It takes sb.+时间+to do sth.做某事花了某人多少时间。例如：It took them three years to build this road.他们用三年时间修完了这条路。(2)doing sth.takes sb.+时间，做某事花了某人多少时间。例如：Repairing this car took him the whole a

22、fternoon.他花了一下午修车。pay的基本用法是：(1)pay(sb.)money for sth.付钱（给某人）买 例如：I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month.我每个月要付 20 英镑的房租。(2)pay for sth.付的钱 例如：I have to pay for the book lost.我不得不赔丢失的书款。(3)pay for sb.替某人付钱例如：Dont worry!Ill pay for you.别担心，我会给你付钱的。(4)pay sb.付钱给某人例如：They pay us every mon

23、th.他们每月给我们报酬。(5)pay money back 还钱例如：May I borrow 12 yuan from you?Ill pay it back next week.(6)pay off ones money 还清钱。cost 某物价值多少元The book costs 2 yuan.那本书 2 元钱spend 某人花费多少元We spend 2 yuan buying the book.我们花费 2 元买那本书。注意：cost 的主语是物（某物花费了多少），spend的主语是人（某人花费了多少）。sth.cost sb.some money sb.spend some mo

24、ney/time on sth./(in)doing sth.The car cost him around ten thousand US dollars.这车花去他一万美元左右。The error cost the company one million pounds.这错误使公司损失了一百万英镑。spend 主语只能是人，表示“在上花费了”I spent MYM 100 on the bike.我花了一百美元买下那辆自行车。They spent three months touring Europe.他们花了三个月时间周游欧洲。总结：名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 6 页，共 7 页 -2014 年深圳新版牛津英语八年级下册Unit-1-Helping-those-in-need-重点词7/7 take一般用 it 作主语，例如：it takes sb.sometime to do sth.spend一般是人作主语，例如：I spend an hour finishing my homework.cost表示某物值什么的（价值或钱），例如：The book cost 200 yuan.pay一般是人作主语，例如：I pay lots of money for books.名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 7 页，共 7 页 -