2021版高考英语一轮复习讲义（北师大版）第1部分 选修7 1 Unit 19　Language.doc

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1、一、语基必备知识(一)重点词汇分类记忆.阅读词汇知其意1punctuation n 标点符号2nationwide adv. 全国性地3trend n. 趋势，倾向4theory n. 理论，学说5enlarge vt. 扩大6theft n. 偷窃7relative n. 亲戚，亲属8tight adj. 绷紧的9transparent adj. 清晰易辨的；透明的10outline vt. 勾出轮廓11certificate n. 证书；证明12diploma n. 毕业证书13candidate n. 候选人14amateur adj. 业余的15sincerely adv. 真诚地16

2、purchase vt. 购买.核心词汇写其形1thankful adj. 为感到高兴的；感谢的2fold v. 折叠；交叉3decade n. 十年4ensure vt. 确保，保证5attain vt. 达到；获得6accelerate vi.& vt. 加速7guarantee vt. 保证8resemble vt. 像；与相似9target n. 目标10unconscious adj. 无意的；不知不觉的11merely adv. 只；仅仅12competence n. 能力13register vt. 登记14punctual adj. 准时的，守时的.拓展词汇通其变1fluenc

3、y n流利度，流畅度fluent adj.流利的，流畅的fluently adv.流利地2accuracy n精确度，准确度accurate adj.精确的，准确的accurately adv.精确地3absence n缺乏；缺席absent adj.缺席的，不在场的4surround vt.环绕，围绕surrounding adj.周围的surroundings n环境5adequate adj.足够的，充分的adequately adv.足够地；充分地6adjust vt.调节；调整adjustable adj.可调整的adjustment n调节；调整7inform vt.告知，通知in

4、formation n信息8announcement n通告；宣告announce v通知；告知9congratulate vt.祝贺congratulation n祝贺，贺喜10negotiate vt.协商；谈判negotiation n谈判；协商11offence n冒犯；得罪offend v冒犯12approval n赞成；赞许；批准approve vt.赞成approving adj.同意的；赞成的13applicant n申请人apply v申请application n申请14embarrass vt.使窘迫embarrassing adj.令人难堪的，令人窘迫的embarras

5、sed adj.感到窘迫的embarrassment n窘迫，难堪1.想要一份工作需要什么？certificate证书；证明competence 能力diploma 毕业证书resume 简历application 申请书interview 面试punctual 准时的；守时的2.前缀“en”/后缀“en”动词知多少enrich使充实enable 使能够enlarge 扩大ensure 确保，担保endanger 使遭遇危险widen 加宽broaden 扩大3.与“购物”相关的名词一览discount折扣customer 顾客consumer 消费者purchase 购买bargain 便宜

6、货cashier 出纳员refund 退款(二)重点短语记牢用活1team_up合作2stand_out 出色；突出3get_ahead 取得成功；获得进步4rely_on 依靠；依赖5take_the_form_of 采取形式6adjust.to. 调整以适应7inform_sb.of_sth. 通知某人某事8consist_of_ 由组成，构成9catch_on 学会，受欢迎10for_ages 很久，很长时间11congratulate_sb.on_sth. 就某事向某人祝贺12on_purpose 故意地13regardless_of 不管；不顾14on_the_other_hand

7、另一方面15I_bet 我肯定16more_than 不仅仅，超过1.“devote.to(介词)”朋友圈adapt.to.使适应；使配合adjust.to. 调节以适应addict.to. 使对上瘾apply.to. 把应用于prefer.to. 喜欢胜过2.“不管；不顾”词语一览in spite of尽管；不管despite 尽管；不管regardless of 不管；不顾no matter 不管，无论leave alone 不管；不理3.“偶然地”和“故意地”短语集锦by accident偶然地by chance 偶然地by design 故意地on purpose 故意地(三)重点句式

8、背熟巧用句型公式教材原句句型1：It is predicted that.据预测It_was_predicted as early as the 1700s that English would one day be the global language and that has proved to be the case in the last few decades.早在十八世纪的时候，人们就预测有一天英语会成为全球语言。在过去的几十年，事实证明确实如此。句型2：whether.or.无论是还是，不管是还是Quality input ensures quality output，whet

9、her it is speaking or writing.无论是说还是写，高质量的输入确保高质量的输出。句型3：while表示对比，意为“而，却”Somebody jumping for joy is easy to see while a raised eyebrow conveying doubt is easier to miss.欢呼雀跃的人很容易被看到，而挑起眉毛表示怀疑的(人)则更容易被忽略。句型4：provided that引导条件状语从句，意为“如果，倘若”Thirdly，you say that there is a discount provided_that I pay

10、 in advance.第三，你们说如果我预付货款就有折扣。二、语境强化训练.语境填词根据提示写出该词的适当形式1I think it may take some time before we can have an accurate(准确的) assessment of the damage.2A number of recent studies indicate that happiness is more easily attained(获得) after middle age.3(2017江苏卷)This complete but brief historical collection

11、 is certain to entertain readers young and old, and guaranteed(保证) to present even the biggest history lover with something new!4We just naturally think that the future will resemble(与相似) the past.5Dont be so serious. I merely(仅仅) played a joke on you.6It is a beautiful city, surrounded(surround) by

12、 mountains and the Pacific Ocean.7(2017全国卷)Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent(absence). I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks.8We all came up to the lucky boy to offer our congratulations(congratulate) to him.9The firm wants to avoid any emb

13、arrassing(embarrass) questions about its finance.10(2019全国卷)It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment(adjust), high status has just the opposite effect on us.派生词练习用所给词的适当形式填空1Im not convinced about the accuracy of the weather report. That is, I think it is not accurate,_

14、for its impossible to predict the weather accurately(accurate)2She could speak fluent English.When we heard her speak English so fluently，we were amazed at her fluency in English.(fluent)3Tom had hoped to meet with the managers approval and from the managers approving nod, he knew that his plan was

15、approved(approve)4To our embarrassment,_all of us had no money to pay the bill.In that embarrassing situation，all of us were very embarrassed(embarrass)5The children are good at adjustingAs for the chairs, they are adjustable and you can make some adjustments to them.(adjust).选词成篇catch on; provided

16、that; for ages; consist of; differ from; get ahead; keep in mind; keep sb. informed ofTo 1.get_ahead in English, Li Hua has been working very hard to 2.catch_on her lessons 3.for_ages. Several days ago, she joined the English Corner 4.consisting_of twenty students.She 5.differs_from other students i

17、n some aspects. For example, she often 6.keeps_in_mind what she has learned and tries her best to 7.keep_herself_informed_of the latest learning methods 8.provided_that she has the opportunity.on the one hand; stand out; adjust oneself to; on the other hand; congratulate sb. on; in the absence ofTo

18、9.stand_out in his class and make progress, John worked very hard. And to achieve his goal, he 10.adjusted_himself quickly to the new surroundings, learning the latest news.In addition, he attended English evening classes, but soon he was aware that it was hard to learn it well 11.in_the_absence_of

19、the native language environment. So to ensure that he could achieve his goal, 12.on_the_one_hand,_he talked with his foreign teacher as much as possible at school, and 13.on_the_other_hand,_he listened to BBC news reports and watched English programmes.At last, his hard work paid off and all of his

20、friends 14.congratulated_him_on his progress.完成句子1预计随着战争的继续，会有更多人失业。 It_is_predicted_that more jobs will be lost with the war going on.2无论好坏，我已经决定接受这份工作邀请。I have decided to take the job offer, whether_it_is_good_or_bad3我去游泳，而其他的人都打网球去了。I went swimming while the others played tennis.4只要情况允许，我们下周将举行会议

21、。Provided_that circumstances permit, we shall hold the meeting next week. absencen缺席，不在；缺乏，不存在基础练习单句语法填空I shall be in charge in the absence of the manager.During his absence from Guangzhou his coworkers did a lot of work.The accident resulted from his absence of mind during driving.能力提升一句多译在我很长时间没有上

22、学后，我的老师和同学们都帮助我补习功课。My teachers and classmates helped me with the lessons after my_long_absence_from_school(absence)My teachers and classmates helped me with the lessons after I_had_been_absent_from_school_for_a_long_time(absent)(1)absence from school/work缺课/缺勤absence of mind 心不在焉的in the absence of

23、(人)不在，缺席； (物)不存在，缺少in ones absence 在某人不在时， 在某人缺席时(2)absent adj. 缺席的，不在的be absent from 缺席；不在佳句背诵 It was his absence of mind during driving that nearly caused a serious accident.就是他开车时的心不在焉才差点导致一起严重事故。 surroundvt.围绕；环绕基础练习单句语法填空a.(2019江苏卷) Steve arrived and sat in the front row, surrounded(surround) b

24、y his family.b(2018天津卷)Now we live in a world surrounded(surround) by the “cant do” attitudes.c(福建卷)Surrounding(surround) yourself with people wholl provide you with respect support can be very beneficial. a.(2018天津卷) Why do the hikers take no notice of the surroundings(surround) during the journey?

25、bStanding on the top of the mountain, we can have a good view of the surrounding(surround) hills.能力提升句式升级(普通表达)The tall building in the distance is home to my fathers company. The tall building is surrounded by a great many big trees.(高级表达)The tall building which_is_surrounded_by_a_great_many_big_tr

26、ees_in_the_distance is home to my fathers company.(定语从句) (1)surround sb./sth.with/by.使某人/某物被包围(2)surrounding adj. 周围的surroundings n. 环境 (通常用复数形式) 佳句背诵 Seeing from the hill in the distance, you will find the city of Pingyao is still surrounded by the old city walls.从远处的山上看，你会发现平遥市仍被古城墙围绕着。名师点津(1)surr

27、oundings专指自然环境；(2)environment可指自然环境也可指精神环境，常用单数形式。词块助记some issues surrounding alcohol abuse有关酗酒的一些问题the surrounding scenery 四周的风景 guaranteevt.保证；担保n保证；保修；担保；抵押品基础练习单句语法填空a.I guarantee to_pay(pay) off my debts on time, no matter what happens.bWe should pay attention to small details, which can guaran

28、tee us to_succeed(succeed) in the end.The shop said they would replace the television as long as it was still under guarantee.能力提升一句多译抓住这个机会吧，我保证你不会后悔的。Take this opportunity, and I guarantee_that_you_wont_regret_it(guarantee v)Take this opportunity, and I give_you_a_guarantee_that_you_wont_regret_it

29、(guarantee n)(1)guarantee sb. sth./guarantee sth.to sb.向某人保证某事guarantee to do/that. 保证做；确保(2)under guarantee 在保修期内give sb. a guarantee (that). 向某人保证 佳句背诵 Not only is working hard a guarantee of success, but it is also among the essential requirements.努力工作不仅是成功的保证，而且是成功必不可少的要求之一。The car is still unde

30、r guarantee, so you should be able to get it repaired free of charge.这辆汽车还在保修期内，所以你应该可以免费修理。 adjustv调节，调整；校准；使适应基础练习单句语法填空This kind of desk can be_adjusted(adjust) to the height you need. Besides, its not expensive at all.I was wondering whether she could adjust to living(live) in the mountainous vi

31、llage alone.(江苏卷)Some schools will have to make adjustments(adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.能力提升完成句子/句式升级(普通表达)Mikes mother did almost everything for him when he was in high school, and that made_it_difficult_for_him_to_adjust_to(让他很难适应) the firstyear college life.(高级表达)Mikes mo

32、ther did almost everything for him when he was in high school, making_it_difficult_for_him_to_adjust_to_the_firstyear_college_life(现在分词作状语) (1)adjust.to.调整以适应adjust (oneself) to. (使自己)适应(2)adjustment n. 调整；调节make an adjustment to 对进行调整 佳句背诵 I think that you will quickly adjust (yourself) to them tho

33、ugh the weather and the food are different from yours.虽然天气、食物与你那儿的有所不同，但我相信你会很快适应的。名师点津 adjust to.和adjust.to.中的to都是介词，其后需接名词或动名词。 informvt.告知；通知基础练习单句语法填空(2018全国卷)Now，I am writing to inform you of some relevant details.The boss asked his secretary to keep him well informed(inform) of the programmes

34、progress.He threatened to_inform(inform) the government of his illegal activities.能力提升词汇升级(普通表达)Im more than delighted to tell you the good news that a short English film will be shown this weekend in our school.(2018全国卷)(高级表达)Im more than delighted to inform_you_of the good news that a short Englis

35、h film will be shown this weekend in our school.(1)inform sb. of sth. 告诉/通知某人某事inform sb. that/when/how. 通知某人keep sb. informed (of.) 使某人随时了解()(2)information n. U通知；消息；情报；信息佳句背诵 Im Li Hua, the captain of our school volleyball team.I am writing to inform you that our team is going to play in the Natio

36、nal League. 我是李华，是我们学校排球队的队长。我写信是想通知你我们队要参加全国联赛。(2019全国卷) congratulatevt.祝贺；庆贺基础练习单句语法填空 (2019天津卷)I had hoped to send Peter a gift to_congratulate(congratulate) him on his marriage, but I couldnt manage it.Congratulations(congratulate) to you on your qualification for this World Cup Football Champio

37、nship!能力提升一句多译我祝贺你在“汉语桥”汉语演讲比赛中获得一等奖。I would like to _express_my_congratulations_to_you_on your receiving the first prize of Chinese Bridge Chinese Speech Contest.(congratulation n)I would like to congratulate_you_on_ your receiving the first prize of Chinese Bridge Chinese Speech Contest. (congratu

38、late vt.)(1)congratulate sb. on祝贺某人某事/做某事(2)congratulation n. 祝贺；恭喜congratulations to sb. on sth. 祝贺某人某事佳句背诵 Congratulations on your making great progress in learning Chinese.祝贺你在学习汉语方面取得了很大的进步。(2017全国卷)名师点津 congratulation在用作名词时常常要用复数形式。 resemblevt.像；与相似基础练习单句语法填空She resembles her sister in appearan

39、ce but not in character.The animals make a strange sound, resembling(resemble) the bark of a dog.能力提升一句多译电影里发生的事和现实生活几乎没有相似之处。What happens in the film is_hardly_similar_to what actually happened.(similar)What happens in the film bears_little_resemblance_to what actually happened.(resemblance)(1)rese

40、mble sb./sth.(in).(在方面)与某人/某物相似(2)resemblance n. 相似bear a resemblance to(be similar to.) 与相似 佳句背诵 From afar, the reed houses resemble the rice dumplings we have at Dragon Boat Festival.芦苇屋远看像极了我们端午节吃的粽子。 get ahead取得进步；获得成功；领先能力提升完成句子对我来讲，此时最重要的是在工作上获得成功。Getting_ahead_at_work is the most important th

41、ing to me at the moment.现在我们必须忘掉所有不愉快的事并且展望未来。We have to forget all the sad things now and look_ahead(全国卷)他虽然受了伤，但是没有被打垮，他仍然是超越我的。Damaged but not defeated, he was still ahead_of_meget ahead of超过；胜过go ahead 前进；干吧；说吧go ahead with 开始look ahead 向前看ahead of 在之前；胜过，超过 佳句背诵 He was talking about the way to

42、get ahead in business.他正在谈如何成功地拓展业务。 take the/a form of以的形式出现(存在)基础练习单句语法填空I saw Mike last nighthe was in good form，which made me relieved.In other words, help in the form of money will be very welcome.(广东卷)Another argument against television is that it replaces reading as a form of entertainment.Yo

43、u need to fill in/out a form if you want to apply for this position.能力提升完成句子(重庆卷)自从那时，我已养成了与朋友定期打篮球的习惯，这有助于我们变得更强大、 更自信。 Since then, I_have_formed_the_habit_of_playing_basketball with my friends regularly, which helps us to grow stronger and become more confident.(1)form the habit of doing sth.get i

44、nto/fall into the habit of doing sth.养成做某事的习惯(2)in the form of 以的形式； 呈现的形式in form 竞技状态佳的out of form 竞技状态不佳的 fill in/out a form 填表 佳句背诵 Usually these favors take the form of an introduction, reference, feedback, or broadcast on social media.通常情况下，这些人情的表现形式是相互介绍、做出担保、给予反馈或者在社交媒体上传播信息。 catch on学会；受欢迎；流行起来；(与to连用)理解；被接受一词多义写出下列句中catch on的含义He invented a new game，but it never really caught on.流行起来He is very quick