大学英语-翻译课件-英译汉_08-4.ppt

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1、Conversion (1),词类转译法(C-E ),Main contents of this Lecture,I. Definition II.Conversion in E-C translation,I. Definition Conversion is one of the commonly adapted translation techniques, means the change of parts of speech in translation.,Examples,. This watch never varied more than a second in a month

2、. 这块表一个月的误差从不超过一秒钟。 Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. 火箭已经用来探索宇宙。 Careful comparison of them will show you the difference. 只要仔细把它们比较一下，你就会发现不同之处。,II. Conversion in E-C translation,Generally speaking, conversion of parts of speech in E-C translation take the followin

3、g 4 forms.,1. Conversion into Verbs,An English sentence contains no more than one predicate verb, while in Chinese its not unusual to have clusters of verbs in a simple sentence.,1)Nouns Converted Into Verbs,The sight and the sound of our jet planes filled me with special longings. 看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的机

4、声，我感到心驰神往。 I think my little brother is a better teacher than I. 我的小弟弟比我教得好。 These problems defy easy classification. 这些问题难以归类。,The adoption of this new device will greatly cut down the percentage of defective products. 采用这种新装置可大大地降低废品率。 说明:在翻译时抽象名词adoption就译为汉语动词“采用”，取代 “to adopt this new device”。,

5、翻译案例对比分析,Every thing I do has to be my decision，and that gives me the responsibility of handling my own life. a.我做每件事都按自己的决定，并且这给我生活中处理事情的责任感。 b.我对每件事所做的决定，在我的生命中给了我很强的责任感。,“ decision”是由动词变来的名词，如果只把它看作名词，忽视了可转译成动词，其结果在语气上就比动词要弱。以动词的强调方式可突出原句旨在表达“自己”。 故应译为: 我做的事情都由自己来决定，这就让我自己来承担起了处理自己生活的责任。,翻译案例对比分析

6、,The literal or metaphorical use of such expressions as “Case Law” throughout the English-speaking world reflects a common heritage in our legal system. 原译:在所有英语国家里，象“判例法”这样的语词，在字面上或隐喻的用法上，反映了我们法律上的一个共同传统。 改译:所有英语国家都在按照字面或比喻的意思使用象“判例法”这样的语词。这反映了我们法制有着一个共同的传统。,改译分析,在这个句子中，use是动作抽象名词，such expressions

7、as Case Law是它的逻辑宾语，literal or metaphorical是它的逻辑状语。而原译者却把 use当作一般的抽象名同，把逻辑宾语和逻辑状语都视为“use”的定语。这就曲解了著作的原意。因为作者说得是使用“判例法”这件事，而不是说这种语词的用法。,难句翻译案例分析,Modern English polite society seems to me as corrupt as consciousness of culture and absence of honesty can make it. 英国现代上流社会，据我看来，已经被自命有文化但毫无廉耻的人们弄到了极其腐朽的程度

8、。 句中“consciousness一词，在这儿不能做抽象意义“觉悟”解，而是一个系表结构，作“be conscious of”解，其意应为“意识到”或“自我意识到。”因此在句中，结合上下文，可译作“自命有文化”。,2) Prepositions Converted Into Verbs,Party officials worked long hours on meager food, in cold caves, by dim lamps. 党的干部每天长时间工作，吃的 是粗茶淡饭，住的是冰冷的窑洞，点的是黯淡的油灯,3) Adjectives Converted Into Verbs,Yo

9、u are ignorant of the duties you undertake in marrying. 你完全不懂你在婚姻方面应承担的责任。 The following plan may become available during the next decade. 下列计划在10年间可能实现。,2. Conversion into Nouns 1） Verbs Converted Into Nouns,Such materials are characterized by good insulation and high resistance to wear. 这些材料的特点是：绝

10、缘性好，耐磨性强。 To them, he personified the absolute power. 在他们看来，他就是绝对权利的化身。,2) Adjectives Converted Into Nouns,After a few months, our just-in-time system became so efficient. 几个月后，我们的“准时供货”办法变得很有成效。 I wish he was blind 我希望他是个瞎子。,3.Conversion into Adjectives 1） Nouns Converted Into Adjectives,Independen

11、t thinking is an absolute necessity in study. 学习中独立思考是绝对必须的。 This experiment was a success. 这个实验很成功。,1.Scarcity of deer in some areas of Texas is attributed to the screwworm. 得克萨斯州某些地区鹿之所以稀少，就是这种螺旋锥蝇造成的。,一般都是抽象名词译成形容词,2.Patients bills of rights require that they be informed about their condition and

12、 about alternatives for treatment. 根据病人权利的法规，医生应将病情和可供选择的治疗方案通告病人。,3.The share each one gets is in proportion to the amount of capital he has supplied. 每个人所得到的份额是与其提供的资金成比例的。,4.We are deeply convinced of the correctness of his policy and firmly determined to pursue it 他们深信这一政策是正确的，并有坚定的决心继续奉行这一政策。,5

13、.He shook his head and his eyes were wide，then narrowed in indignation. 他摇了摇头，两眼睁得圆圆的，接着又眯成一条线，脸上露出了愤怒的神色。,6.He knew what he wanted and he wanted only this: to understand within his limits as a human being the nature of the universe and the logic and simplicity in its functioning. 他知道自己想要什么，他想要的只是在力

14、所能及的范围之内,去了解宇宙的性质及其活动的基本规律。,2） Adverbs Converted Into Adjectives and Nouns,The pressure inside equals the pressure outside. 内部的压力和外部的压力相等。 He is physically weak but mentally sound. 他身体虽弱，但思想健康。,4. Conversion into Adverbs 1) Adjectives Converted Into Adverbs,A helicopter is free to almost anywhere. 直

15、升飞机几乎可以自由地飞往任何地方。 Only when we study their properties can we make better use of the materials. 只有研究这些材料的特性才能更好地利用它们。,2） Nouns and Verbs Converted Into Adverbs,I have the honor to inform you that your request is granted. 我荣幸地通知您，您的请求已得到批准。 The new mayor earned some appreciation by the courtesy of com

16、ing to visit the city poor. 新市长有礼貌的前来访问城市贫民，获得了他们的一些好感。,II. Exercises,1.With the passage of time , my admiration for him grew more. 2. My audience varied from tens to thousands 3.Independent observers have commented favorably on the achievement you have made in this direction.,4.There is a big incre

17、ase in demand for all kinds of consumer goods in every part of our country. 5.The thief made a trembling confession of his wrongdoing. 6.The sailors swarmed into a laughing and cheering ring around the two men.,Key to Exercises,1. With the passage of time , my admiration for him grew more. 随着时间的消逝，我

18、对他越来越敬慕。 2. My audience varied from tens to thousands 我的听众，少则数十人，多则上千人。,3. Independent observers have commented favorably on the achievement you have made in this direction. 有独立见解的观察家们对你们在这方面取得的成就给予了很好的评价。 4. There is a big increase in demand for all kinds of consumer goods in every part of our country. 目前我国各地对各种消费品的需求量已大大增加。,5.The thief made a trembling confession of his wrongdoing. 小偷颤抖着交代了自己干的坏事。 6.The sailors swarmed into a laughing and cheering ring around the two men. 水手们兴高采烈，蜂拥而至，把这两个人围了起来。,