计算机常用术语 .pdf

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1、计算机常用术语Aaccess control/访问控制access control entry,ACE/访问控制项account lockout/帐户锁定ACE,access control entry/访问控制项acknowledgment message/应答消息ACPI(Advanced Configuration and Power Interface)/高级配置和电源接口active/活动active content/活动内容Active DirectoryActive Directory Users and Computers/Active Directory 用户和计算机acti

2、ve partition/活动分区active volume/活动卷ActiveXAddress Resolution Protocol,ARP/地址解析协议administration queue/管理队列administrative alerts/管理警报administrator/管理员Advanced Configuration and Power Interface,ACPI/高级配置和电源接口agent/代理Alerter service/警报器服务allocation unit size/分配单元大小名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 1 页，共 36 页 -Ame

3、rican Standard Code for Information Interchange,ASCII/美国信息交换标准码AppleTalkAppleTalk Transport/AppleTalk 传输ARP,Address Resolution Protocol/地址解析协议ASCII，American Standard Code for Information Interchange/美国信息交换标准码Assistive Technology Program/辅助技术程序asymmetric encryption/非对称加密asynchronous communication/异步通

4、讯ATM asynchronous transfer mode/异步传输模式attributes/属性audit policy/审核策略auditing/审核authentication/身份验证authoritative restore/强制性还原authorization/授权BB-channel/B-信道background program/后台程序backup media pool/备份媒体池backup operator/备份操作员backup set/备份集backup set catalog/备份集分类名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 2 页，共 36 页 -ba

5、ckup types/备份类型bandwidth/带宽BAP,Bandwidth Allocation Protocol/带宽分配协议base priority/基本优先级basic disk/基本磁盘basic input/output system,BIOS/基本输入/输出系统basic volume/基本卷batch program/批处理程序baud rate/波特率binary/二进制binary digit,bit/二进制数字，位bindery/平构数据库BIOS,basic input/output system/基本输入/输出系统bit,binary digit/位，二进制数字

6、bits per second，bps/每秒位数boot/启动boot files/启动文件boot partition/启动分区boot volume/启动卷bps,bits per second/每秒位数buffer/缓冲区built-in groups/内置组bus/总线bytes received/接收的字节数名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 3 页，共 36 页 -bytes transmitted/传输的字节数CCA,certification authority/证书颁发机构callback number/回叫号码callback security/回叫安全cal

7、led subscriber ID(CSID)string/被叫订户 ID(CSID)字符串CAPI(CryptoAPI)cartridge font/字体盒字体catalog/编录CDP,CRL Distribution Point/CRL 分发点certificate/证书certificate revocation list,CRL/证书吊销列表certificate store/证书存储区certificate template/证书模板certificate trust list,CTL/证书信任列表certification authority,CA/证书颁发机构certifica

8、tion hierarchy/证书等级certification path/证书路径channel/信道CHAP,Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol/质询握手身份验证协议character mode/字符方式child object/子对象名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 4 页，共 36 页 -clear/清除client/客户client application/客户应用程序Client Service for NetWare/NetWare 客户服务ClipBook Server/剪贴簿服务器Cluster Admini

9、strator/群集管理器Cluster Administrator extension/群集管理器扩展Cluster service/群集服务cluster size/簇大小Cluster.exeCMYK color space/CMYK 颜色空间code page/代码页codec/编解码器color gamut/色阶color management/颜色管理color profile/颜色配置文件color space/颜色空间Command Prompt window/“命令提示符”窗口common groups/公用组communication port/通讯端口communicat

10、ion settings/通讯设置community name/社团名Compression Control Protocol,CCP/压缩控制协议computer account/计算机帐户名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 5 页，共 36 页 -Computer Browser service/计算机浏览器服务computer quota/计算机配额connect/连接connected,authenticating user/已连接，正验证身份的用户connected,user authenticated/已连接且身份已验证的用户connector application

11、/连接器应用程序connector queue/连接器队列console tree/控制台树container object/容器对象copy backup/副本备份CPU Time/CPU 时间CPU Usage/CPU 使用CRC errors/CRC 错误CRL,certificate revocation list/证书吊销列表CRL Distribution Point,CDP/CRL 分发点CryptoAPI(CAPI)cryptographic service provider,CSP/加密服务提供程序cryptography/加密CSID(called subscriber I

12、D)string/CSID（被叫订户 ID）字符串CSP,cryptographic service provider/加密服务提供程序CTL,certificate trust list/证书信任列表custom file type/自定义文件类型D名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 6 页，共 36 页 -D-channel/D-信道DACL,discretionary access control list/任意访问控制表daily backup/每日备份Data Communications Equipment,DCE/数据通讯设备Data Terminal Equipm

13、ent,DTE/数据终端设备data-overrun error/数据溢出错误DCE,Data Communications Equipment/数据通讯设备DDE,dynamic data exchange/动态数据交换dead-letter queue/死信队列debugger/调试器default button/默认按钮default network/默认网络default printer/默认打印机default tree and context/默认树和上下文default user/默认用户defragmentation/碎片整理dependency/从属关系dependent c

14、lient/从属客户descendent key/派生项desktop/桌面desktop pattern/桌面方案destination document/目标文档details pane/详细信息窗格device/设备名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 7 页，共 36 页 -device conflict/设备冲突device driver/设备驱动程序device fonts/设备字体Device Manager/设备管理器DHCP,Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol 动态主机配置协议DHCP option/DHCP 选项dial lo

15、cation/拨号位置dial-up connection/拨号连接differential backup/差异备份digital signature/数字签名Digital Signature Standard,DSS/数字签名标准digital video disc,DVD/数字化视频光盘direct cable connection/直接电缆连接direct memory access,DMA/直接内存访问directory partition/目录分区disable/禁用discretionary access control list,DACL/任意访问控制表disk/磁盘disk

16、configuration information/磁盘配置信息dismount/卸除display adapter/显示适配器DLL,dynamic-link library/动态链接库DMA,direct memory access/直接内存访问DNS,Domain Name System/域名系统名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 8 页，共 36 页 -DNS server/DNS 服务器docking station/插接站document/文档domain/域domain controller/域控制器domain name/域名Domain Name System,

17、DNS/域名系统domain namespace/域名空间dots per inch,DPI/每英寸点数downloadable fonts/可下载字体drag/拖动drive/驱动器drive letter/驱动器号drop folder/拖动文件夹DSS,Digital Signature Standard/数字签名标准DTE,Data Terminal Equipment/数据终端设备dual boot/双重启动duplex/双工DVD,digital video disc/数字化视频光盘DVD decoder/DVD 解码器DVD drive/DVD 驱动器DWORDdynamic d

18、ata exchange,DDE/动态数据交换dynamic disk/动态磁盘名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 9 页，共 36 页 -Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol,DHCP/动态主机配置协议dynamic volume/动态卷dynamic-link library,DLL/动态链接库EEAP,Extensible Authentication Protocol/可扩展的身份验证协议EFS,encrypting file system/加密文件系统embedded object/内嵌对象emergency repair disk,E

19、RD/紧急修复磁盘enable/启用encapsulated PostScript(EPS)file/封装的 PostScript(EPS)文件encrypted passwords/加密的密码encrypting file system,EFS/加密文件系统encryption/加密enhanced small device interface,ESDI/增强型小型设备接口environment variable/环境变量EPS(encapsulated PostScript)file/EPS（封装的 PostScript）文件ERD,emergency repair disk/紧急修复磁盘

20、error detection/错误检测event/事件Event Log service/事件日志服务event logging/事件记录everyone category/everyone 的分类expanded memory/扩充内存expansion slot/扩展槽名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 10 页，共 36 页 -explicit permissions/直接权限express message/快递消息extended memory/扩展内存extended partition/扩展分区Extensible Authentication Protocol,E

21、AP/可扩展的身份验证协议external network number/外部网络号Ffailback/故障回复failed/失败failover/故障转移FAT,file allocation table/文件分配表FAT32fault tolerance/容错Fax Service/传真服务FCB,file control block/文件控制块Federal Information Processing Standard 140-1,FIPS 140-1/联邦信息处理标准 140-1FEP,(front-end processor)/前端处理器file allocation table,

22、FAT/文件分配表file control block,FCB/文件控制块File Server for Macintosh/Macintosh 文件服务器file system/文件系统file type/文件类型filter/筛选器名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 11 页，共 36 页 -FIPS 140-1,Federal Information Processing Standard 140-1/联邦信息处理标准 140-1font/字体font cartridge/字体盒foreground program/前台程序foreign computer/外部计算机for

23、m/表单FORTEZZAfragmentation/碎片frame type/帧类型free media pool/可用媒体池free space/可用空间front-end processor,FEP/前端处理器full-duplex/全双工full name/全名GGateway Service for NetWare/NetWare 网关服务GDI objects/GDI 对象global group/全局组graphics mode/图形模式group/组group account/组帐户group memberships/组成员身份group name/组名名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎

24、下载-名师精心整理-第 12 页，共 36 页 -Group Policy/组策略Group Policy object/组策略对象guest/来宾guest account/来宾帐户Hhalf-duplex/半双工handle count/句柄数handshaking/握手Hardware Compatibility List,HCL/硬件兼容性列表hardware compression/硬件压缩hardware configuration/硬件配置hardware decoder/硬件解码器hardware profile/硬件配置文件hardware type/硬件类型hash/散列h

25、ash algorithm/散列算法Hash-based Message Authentication Mode,HMAC/基于散列的消息验证模式HCL,Hardware Compatibility List/硬件兼容性列表hexadecimal/十六进制histogram/直方图hive/配置单元HMAC,Hash-based Message Authentication Mode/基于散列的消息验证模式home directory/主目录host name/主机名名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 13 页，共 36 页 -HTML,Hypertext Markup Lang

26、uage/超文本标记语言hub/网络集线器hubbed mode/集线模式hue/色调Hypertext Markup Language,HTML/超文本标记语言II/O(input/output)port/I/O（输入/输出）端口ICMP,Internet Control Message Protocol/网际消息控制协议IDE,integrated device electronics/集成设备电路IEEE 1394Image Name/映像名称IME,Input Method Editor/输入法import media pool/导入媒体池incremental backup/增量备份

27、independent client/独立客户.infinfrared,IR/红外线Infrared Data Association,IrDA/红外数据协会infrared device/红外设备infrared file transfer/红外文件传送infrared network connection/红外网络连接infrared port/红外端口inherited permissions/继承权限input locale/输入法区域设置名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 14 页，共 36 页 -Input Method Editor,IME/输入法input/out

28、put(I/O)port/输入/输出(I/O)端口install/安装integrated device electronics,IDE/集成电路设备Integrated Services Digital Network,ISDN/综合服务数字网interactive dialog box/交互式对话框interactive logon/交互式登录intermediary device/中间设备internal network number/内部网络号international prefix/国际前缀International Telecommunication Union-Telecommu

29、nication Standardization Sector(ITU-T)/国际电信联盟 -电信 标准化部门 InternetInternet address/网际地址Internet Control Message Protocol,ICMP/网际消息控制协议Internet Protocol,IP/网际协议Internet service provider,ISP/Internet 服务提供商interrupt/中断interrupt request(IRQ)lines/中断请求 (IRQ)线路IP,Internet Protocol/网际协议IP address/IP 地址IPX,In

30、ternetwork Packet Exchange/网间数据包交换IR,infrared/红外线IPX/SPX名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 15 页，共 36 页 -IrDA(Infrared Data Association)红外数据协会Integrated Services Digital Network,ISDN/综合服务数字网ISP,Internet service provider/Internet 服务提供商ITU-T,International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunication Standardization

31、 Sector/国际电信联盟 -电信 标准化部门 Jjournal queue/日志队列journal quota/日志配额junction point/交接点KKDC,Key Distribution Center/密钥分发中心Kerberos V5key/注册表项Key Distribution Center,KDC/密钥分发中心keyboard layout/键盘布局LL2TP,Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol/第二层隧道协议LAN,local area network/局域网lease/租用library/库Line Printer Daemon,LPD/行式打印机

32、后台程序Line Printer Remote,LPR/远程行式打印机linked object/链接对象Lmhosts file/Lmhosts 文件名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 16 页，共 36 页 -local area network,LAN/局域网local computer/本地计算机local group/本地组local printer/本地打印机local user profile/本地用户配置文件location/位置log file/日志文件logical drive/逻辑驱动器logical printer/逻辑打印机logon rights/登录

33、权限logon script/登录脚本logon script path/登录脚本路径long distance operator/长途接线员long name/长文件名LPR,Line Printer Remote/远程行式打印机luminosity/光度MMAC,Message Authentication Code/消息验证代码MADCAP,Multicast Address Dynamic Client Allocation Protocol/多播地址动态客户分配协议Make Changes/进行更改Management Information Base,MIB/管理信息库manage

34、ment system/管理系统mandatory user profile/强制用户配置文件名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 17 页，共 36 页 -MARS,multicast address resolution service/多播地址解析服务master boot record，MBR/主引导记录master domain/主域Master File Table,MFT/主文件表maximize/最大化MBR,master boot record/主引导记录MCS,multicast server/多播服务器MD2MD4MD5,Message Digest Five

35、/消息摘要 5media/媒体media pool/媒体池member server/成员服务器memory address/内存地址Memory Usage/内存使用Memory Usage Delta/内存使用变化message/消息Message Authentication Code,MAC/消息身份验证码message digest/消息摘要Message Digest Five,MD5/消息摘要 5 Message Queuing/消息队列Message Queuing server/消息队列服务器Messenger service/信使服务MFT,Master File Tabl

36、e/主文件表名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 18 页，共 36 页 -MIB,Management Information Base/管理信息库Microcom Networking Protocol Five,MNP5/Microcom 网络协议 5Microcom Networking Protocol Four,MNP4/Microcom 网络协议 5Microsoft Distributed Transaction Coordinator,MS DTC/Microsoft 分布式事务协调器Microsoft Management Console,MMC/Microso

37、ft 管理控制台Microsoft Point-to-Point Encryption,MPPE/Microsoft 点对点加密MIDI,Musical Instrument Digital Interface/乐器数字接口MIDI setup/MIDI 安装程序minimize/最小化mirror/镜像mirror set/镜像集mirrored volume/镜像卷MMC,Microsoft Management Console/Microsoft 管理控制台MNP4,Microcom Networking Protocol Four/Microcom 网络协议 4MNP5,Microco

38、m Networking Protocol Five/Microcom 网络协议 5modem/调制解调器modem compression/调制解调器压缩modulation standards/调制标准mount/装入mounted drive/已装入的驱动器MS DTC,Microsoft Distributed Transaction Coordinator/Microsoft 分布式事务协调器MS-DOS名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 19 页，共 36 页 -MS-DOS-based program/MS-DOS 程序MSMQMulticast Address D

39、ynamic Client Allocation Protocol,MADCAP/多播地址动态客户分配协议multicast address resolution service,MARS/多播地址解析服务multicast server,MCS/多播服务器multihomed computer/多宿主计算机multilink dialing/多链路拨号multiple boot/多重启动Musical Instrument Digital Interface,MIDI/乐器数字接口My Documents/我的文档Nname/名称named pipe/命名管道namespace/名称空间NC

40、P,NetWare Core Protocol/NetWare 核心协议NDS,Novell Directory Services/Novell 目录服务NetBEUI,NetBIOS Enhanced User Interface/NetBIOS 增强型用户界面NetBIOS,network basic input/output system/网络基本输入/输出系统NetWare Core Protocol,NCP/NetWare 核心协议network adapter/网卡network administrator/网络管理员network basic input/output syste

41、m,NetBIOS/网络基本输入/输出系统network card driver/网卡驱动程序名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 20 页，共 36 页 -Network DDE service/网络 DDE 服务network number/网络号node/节点nonauthoritative restore/非强制性还原noncontainer object/非容器对象nonhubbed mode/非集线模式nonpaged memory/未分页内存nonpaged pool/未分页池normal backup/普通备份Novell Directory Services,ND

42、S/Novell 目录服务NTFS file system/NTFS 文件系统null modem cable/零调制解调器电缆NWLinkOobject/对象offline/脱机OLEon-disk catalog/磁盘目录on-media catalog/媒体目录online/联机OpenType fonts/OpenType 字体operator/操作符orphan/孤立orphan file/孤立文件名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 21 页，共 36 页 -OS/2owner/所有者owner category/所有者类别Ppackage/对象包packet/数据包p

43、acket header/数据包头PAD,packet assembler/disassembler/分组拆装器page-description language,PDL/页面描述语言page fault/页面错误Page Faults Delta/页错误变化paged pool/分页池paging file/页面文件paper source/纸张来源parent object/父对象parity/奇偶校验parity bit/奇偶校验位partition/分区partition boot sector/分区引导扇区password/密码paused/已暂停PBX，Private Branch

44、 Exchange/专用分组交换机PC Card/PC 卡PCL,Printer Control Language/打印机控制语言名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 22 页，共 36 页 -PDL,page-description language/页面描述语言Peak Memory Usage/最大内存使用pelpending/挂起performance alert/性能警报performance counter/性能计数器performance object/性能对象performance object instance/性能对象实例permission/权限PID,pro

45、cess identifier/进程标识符PIF,program information file/程序信息文件pixel/像素PJL,Printer Job Language/打印机作业语言PKCS,Public Key Cryptography Standards/公钥加密标准PKCS#7PKCS#10PKCS#12PKI,public key infrastructure/公钥基础结构plotter font/绘图仪字体Plug and Play/即插即用point of termination station,POTS/终端站点Point-to-Point Protocol,PPP/点

46、对点协议Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol,PPTP/点对点隧道协议policy/策略名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 23 页，共 36 页 -port/端口POSIXpossible owners/可能的所有者PostScriptPostScript fonts/PostScript 字体PostScript printer/PostScript 打印机POTS,point of termination station/终端站点power conditioning/电源调节PPP,Point-to-Point Protocol/点对点协议PP

47、TP,Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol/点对点隧道协议predefined key/预定义项preferred owner/首选所有者preferred server/首选服务器preset-to callback/预设回叫primary partition/主分区print job/打印作业print processor/打印处理器print server/打印服务器Print Server for Macintosh/Macintosh 打印服务器print spooler/打印后台处理程序printer/打印机Printer Control Langua

48、ge,PCL/打印机控制语言printer driver/打印机驱动程序printer fonts/打印机字体名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 24 页，共 36 页 -Printer Job Language,PJL/打印机作业语言printer permissions/打印机权限Printer window/打印机窗口Printers/打印机printing pool/打印池Private Branch Exchange,PBX/专用分组交换机private key/私钥private queue/专用队列privileges/特权process identifier,PI

49、D/进程标识program/程序program information file,PIF/程序信息文件property/属性property cache/属性缓存property value/属性值protocol/协议PSTN,Public Switched Telephone Network/公共交换电话网public key/公钥public key cryptography/公钥加密系统Public Key Cryptography Standards,PKCS/公钥加密标准public key encryption/公钥加密public key infrastructure,PKI/

50、公钥基础结构public queue/公用队列Public Switched Telephone Network,PSTN/公共交换电话网名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 25 页，共 36 页 -pulse dialing/脉冲拨号Qquery/查询queue/队列queue quota/队列配额queue type/队列类型quiet answer/安静应答quorum log/仲裁日志quorum resource/仲裁资源quota limit/配额限制RRADIUS,Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service/远程身份验证拨入