Experts Call for Local and Regional Control of Sites for Radioactive Waste(4页).doc

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1、-Experts Call for Local and Regional Control of Sites for Radioactive Waste-第 4 页Experts Call for Local and Regional Control of Sites for Radioactive Waste (B级)The withdrawal of Nevadas Yucca Mountain as a potential nuclear waste repository has reopened the debate over how and where to dispose of sp

2、ent nuclear fuel and high-level nuclear waste. In an article in the July 10 issue of Science, University of Michigan geologist Rodney Ewing and Princeton University nuclear physicist Frank von Hippel argue that, although federal agencies should set standards and issue licenses for the approval of nu

3、clear facilities, local communities and states should have the final approval on the siting of these facilities. The authors propose the development of multiple sites that would service the regions where nuclear reactors are located. “The main goal., should be to provide the United States with multi

4、ple alternatives and substantial public involvement in an open siting and design process that requires acceptance by host communities and states,” the authors write. Ewing and von Hippel also analyze the reasons why Yucca Mountain, selected by Congress in 1987 as the only site to be investigated for

5、 long-term nuclear waste disposal, finally was shelved after more than three decades of often controversial debate. The reasons include the sites geological problems, management problems, important changes in the Environmental Protection Agencys standard, unreliable funding and the failure to involv

6、e local communities in the decision-making process. Going forward, efforts should be directed at locating storage facilities in the nation s northeastern, southeastern, midwestern and western regions, and states within a given region should be responsible for developing solutions that suit their par

7、ticular circumstances. Transportation of nuclear waste over long distances, which was a concern with the Yucca Mountain site, would be less of a problem because temporary storage or geological disposal sites could be located closer to reactors. “This regional approach would be similar to the current

8、 approach in Europe, where spent nuclear fuel and high-level nuclear waste from about 150 reactors and reprocessing plants is to be moved to a number of geological repositories in a variety of rock types ,” said Rodney Ewing, who has written extensively about the impact of nuclear waste management o

9、n the environment and who has analyzed safety assessment criteria for the controversial Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository.33专家呼吁局部和区域控制放射性废物地点 撤消内华达州尤卡山作为一个潜在的核废物处置库重新开启了关于怎么和往哪里处理乏核燃料和高放核废物的讨论。在七月十目的科学报的一篇文章中，美国密歇根大学地质学家Rodney Ewing和美国普林斯顿大学的核物理学家Frank von Hippel指出，虽然联邦局玎以制定核设施标准和颁发许可证，但是当地社区

10、和州应该在选址问题上有最后的决定权。作者提议发展多种多样的场地以便能够服务那些核反应所在的地方。 “主要的目的就是给美国在公开的场地和设计程序上提供多重选择和更多的公众参与，也需要各地区和州的同意。”作者写道。 Ewing and von Hippel也分析了为什么尤卡山在1987年被美国国会选为长期存放核废物的地点，却在三十年之后的争议下被束之高阁。原因包括这个地方的地址问题、管理问题、环境保护局标准的变化、不可靠的资金和在做决定时没有使地方社区参与进来。 以后，我们应该把安放存储设备的地点转到这个国家的东北、东南、中西部和西部地区，并且处于该特定地区的州应该负责制定方案来适应当地特定的环境。尤卡山存在的远距离运输核废物问题应该不算什么问题，因为暂时存储和地质处理点都离反应装置很近。 “这个地区的方法应该和目前欧洲的方法很像，在那里，乏核燃料和高(强度)放(射性)核废物都要以大约150个核反直装置和再处理的I厂转移到各种不同岩层中的地贯处置本中。”Rodney Ewing说，他写了大量关于核废物对环境的影响的文章，而且分析了这个受争议的尤卡山核废料库的安全评价标准。