高级英语课文翻译(18页).doc

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1、-高级英语课文翻译-第 18 页Lesson two 青年人的四种选择 Lesson 2: Four Choices for Young People 在毕业前不久,斯坦福大学四年级主席吉姆?宾司给我写了一封信,信中谈及他的一些不安。 Shortly before his graduation, Jim Binns, president of the senior class at Stanford University, wrote me about some of his misgivings. 他写道:“与其他任何一代人相比,我们这一代人在看待成人世界时抱有更大的疑虑同时越来越倾向于全盘

2、否定成人世界。” “More than any other generation,” he said, “our generation views the adult world with great skepticism there is also an increased tendency to reject completely that world.” 很明显,他的话代表了许多同龄人的看法。 Apparently he speaks for a lot of his contemporaries. 在过去的几年里,我倾听过许多年轻人的谈话,他们有的还在大学读书,有的已经毕业,他们对于成

3、人的世界同样感到不安。 During the last few years, I have listened to scores of young people, in college and out, who were just as nervous about the grown world. 大致来说,他们的态度可归纳如下:“这个世界乱糟糟的,到处充满了不平等、贫困和战争。对此该负责的大概应是那些管理这个世界的成年人吧。如果他们不能做得比这些更好,他们又能拿什么来教育我们呢?这样的教导,我们根本不需要。” Roughly, their attitude might be summed u

4、p about like this: “The world is in pretty much of a mess, full of injustice, poverty, and war. The people responsible are, presumably, the adults who have been running thing. If they cant do better than that, what have they got to teach our generation? That kind of lesson we can do without.” 我觉得这些结

5、论合情合理,至少从他们的角度来看是这样的。 There conclusions strike me as reasonable, at least from their point of view. 对成长中的一代人来说,相关的问题不是我们的社会是否完美(我们可以想当然地认为是这样),而是应该如何去应付它。 The relevant question for the arriving generation is not whether our society is imperfect (we can take that for granted), but how to deal with it

6、. 尽管这个社会严酷而不合情理,但它毕竟是我们惟一拥有的世界。 For all its harshness and irrationality, it is the only world weve got. 因此,选择一个办法去应付这个社会是刚刚步入成年的年轻人必须作出的第一个决定,这通常是他们一生中最重要的决定。 Choosing a strategy to cope with it, then, is the first decision young adults have to make, and usually the most important decision of their

7、lifetime. 根据我的发现,他们的基本选择只有四种: So far as I have been able to discover, there are only four basic alternatives: 1)脱离传统社会 1)Drop Out 这是最古老的方法之一,任何年龄的人无论在任何地方,也无论是否使用迷幻剂都可以采用。 This is one of the oldest expedients, and it can be practiced anywhere, at any age, and with or without the use of hallucinogens

8、. 那些认为这个世界残酷、复杂得令人难以忍受的人通常会选择这个办法。 It always has been the strategy of choice for people who find the world too brutal or too complex to be endured. 实质上,这是一种寄生式的生活方式,采取此策略的人通过这样或那样的方式寄生于这个他们蔑视的社会,并且拒绝对这个社会承担责任 By definition, this way of life is parasitic. In one way or another, its practitioners batt

9、en on the society which they scorn and in which they refuse to take any responsibility. 我们中的一些人对此很厌恶认为这种生活方式很不光彩。 Some of us find this distasteful an undignified kind of life. 但对于那些卑微、懒惰又缺乏自尊的人来说,这也许是可行的最可以忍受的选择了。 But for the poor in spirit, with low levels of both energy and pride, it may be the le

10、ast intolerable choice available. 2)逃避现实社会 2) Flee 这个策略早在远古就有先例。 This strategy also has ancient antecedents. 自文明诞生以来,就有人企图逃避文明社会,希望寻求一种更为朴素、更富田园风情、更为宁静的生活。 Ever since civilization began, certain individuals have tried to run away from it in hopes of finding a simpler, more pastoral, and more peacefu

11、l life. 与那些脱离传统社会的人不同,这些人不是寄生者。他们愿意自食其力,愿意为社会作出贡献,可是他们就是不喜欢这个文明世界的环境。确地说,不喜欢这充满丑恶和紧张的大都市。 Unlike the dropouts, they are not parasites. They are willing to support themselves and to contribute something to the general community, but they simply dont like the environment of civilization; that is, the

12、city, with all its ugliness and tension. 这种方法的问题在于无法大规模地进行实践。 The trouble with this solution is that it no longer is practical on a large scale. 不幸的是,在我们的地球上,高尚的野蛮人和未被破坏的自然景色已越来越少;除了两极地区以外已经没有未开发的土地了。 Our planet, unfortunately, is running out of noble savages and unsullied landscaped; except for the

13、 polar regions, the frontiers are gone. 少数富有的乡绅还可以逃避现实去过田园生活但总的说来,迁移的潮流是向相反的方向流动。 A few gentleman farmers with plenty of money can still escape to the bucolic life but in general the stream of migration is flowing the other way. 3)策划革命 Plot a Revolution 在对民主进程单调乏味的运作方式毫无耐心或相信只有武力才能改变基本社会制度的那些人中,这一策略

14、颇受欢迎。 This strategy is always popular among those who have no patience with the tedious working of the democratic process or who believe that basic institutions can only be changed by force. 它吸引了每一代年轻人中那些更为活跃和更具理想主义的人。 It attracts some of the more active and idealistic young people of every generati

15、on. 对他们来说,这种策略具有浪漫的吸引力,通常以某位魅力非凡且令人振奋的人物为其象征。 To them it offers a romantic appeal, usually symbolized by some dashing and charismatic figure. 这一策略简单明了并具有更大的吸引力:“既然这个社会已经无可救药,那就让我们砸碎它,在它的废墟上面建一个更好的社会。” It has the even greater appeal of simplicity: “Since this society is hopelessly bad, lets smash it

16、and build something better on the ruins.” 我最好的朋友中有些是革命者,他们中的一些人过得相当满足。 Some of my best friends have been revolutionists, and a few of them have led reasonably satisfying lives. 这部分人其实是那些革命并未成功的人,他们可以继续兴高采烈地策划大屠杀,直至老态龙钟。 These are the ones whose revolutions did not come off; they have been able to ke

17、ep on cheerfully plotting their holocausts right into their senescence. 另外一些人年纪轻轻就死了,死在监狱里或街垒旁。 Others died young, in prison or on the barricades. 但最不幸的是那些革命成功的人。 But the most unfortunate are those whose revolutions have succeeded. 他们极度失望,看到他们推翻的权力机构又被新机构所替代,而新机构依旧是那样冷酷,那样毫无生机。 They lived in bitter

18、disillusionment, to see the establishment they had overthrown replaced by a new one, just as hard-faced and stuffy. 当然,我并不是说革命一无所成。 I am not, of course, suggesting that revolutions accomplish nothing. 一些革命(美国革命,法国革命)确实将事情变得越来越好。 Some (The American Revolution, the French Revolution) clearly do change

19、 things for the better. 我只是想说革命无论成败,那些策划革命的革命者们都注定要失望。 My point is merely that the idealists who make the revolution are bound to be disappointed in either case. 因为胜利的曙光无论如何也不会照耀在他们梦想中的那个摆脱了人类一切卑劣的灿烂的新世界上。 For at best their victory never dawns on the shining new world they had dreamed of, cleansed o

20、f all human meanness. 相反,它照在了一个熟悉的平庸的地方,这个地方仍旧需要食品杂货和污水排放。 Instead it dawns on a familiar, workaday place, still in need of groceries and sewage disposal. 无论贴着什么样的政治标签,革命后的国家都不是由激进的浪漫主义者来治理,而是由市场营销、卫生工程和管理官僚机构的专家来治理。 The revolutionary state, under whatever political label, has to be run-not by viole

21、nt romantics-but by experts in marketing, sanitary engineering, and the management of bureaucracies. 对一些决心改造社会,但同时又希望能找到一种比武装革命更可行的方法的理想主义者来说,还有另外一种选择。 For the idealists who are determined to remake society, but who seek a more practical method than armed revolution, there remains one more alternati

22、ve. 4)循序渐进,逐步改变社会 Try to Change the World Gradually, One Clod at a Time 乍一看,这一途径毫无吸引力。 At first glance, this course is far from inviting. 它缺乏魅力,并且见效很慢。 It lacks glamour. It promises no quick results. 它依靠劝说和民主决策这些令人恼火且不可靠的方法来实现。 It depends on the exasperating and uncertain instruments of persuasion a

23、nd democratic decision making. 它需要耐心,可我们却总是缺乏耐心。 It demands patience, always in short supply. 它惟一的好处是有时这方法行得通在这个特定的时间和地点,它比其他的任何策略都更有可能制止世界上的某些恶行。 About all that can be said for it is that it sometimes works that in this particular time and place it offers a better chance for remedying some of the w

24、orlds outrages than any other available strategy. 至少历史事实似乎证明了这一点。 So at least the historical evidence seems to suggest. 我大学毕业的时候,我们这一代人也发现世界乱得一团糟。 When I was graduating from college, my generation also found the world in a mess.几乎所有地方的经济机构都已崩溃,在美国几乎四分之一的人口失业。 The economic machinery had broken down a

25、lmost everywhere: In this country nearly a quarter of the population was out of work. 一场大战似乎在所难免。 A major was seemed all too likely. 当时作为校报编辑,对这些我曾经猛烈地抗议过,像今天的学生积极分子一样。 As a college newspaper editor at that time, I protested against this just as vehemently as student activists are protesting today.

26、与此同时,我们这一代人渐渐发现改造世界有点像在亚平宁山区打仗一样。你刚刚占领一条山脉,另一条山脉又在前方隐现。 At the same time, my generation was discovering that reforming the world is a little like fighting a military campaign in the Apennines, as soon as you capture one mountain range, another one looms just ahead. 当20世纪30年代的大问题刚刚勉强得到控制,新的问题又出现了富足社会

27、中出现的崭新问题,如种族平等,保证城市环境适于居住,应付各种陌生伪装下的战争等等。 As the big problems of the thirties were brought under some kind of rough control, new problems took their place the unprecedented problems of an, affluent society, of racial justice, of keeping our cities from becoming uninhabitable, of coping with war in u

28、nfamiliar guises. 最令人不安的是我们发现了人口爆炸这一问题。 Most disturbing of all was our discovery of the population explosion. 我们突然意识到我们这艘载人小飞船上的乘客数目大约每40年翻一倍。 It dawned on us rather suddenly that the number of passengers on the small spaceship we inhabit is doubling about every forty years. 只要地球上的人口持续地按这个可怕的速度增长,其他

29、所有问题都将无法解决。 So long as the earths population keeps growing at this cancerous rate, all of the other problems appear virtually insoluble. 我们的城市会变得越来越拥挤,景色会变得更加杂乱,空气和水也会变得愈发肮脏。 Our cities will continue to become more crowded and noisome. The landscape will get more cluttered, the air and water even di

30、rtier. 所有人的生活质量都会不断恶化。 The quality of life is likely to become steadily worse for everybody. 如果过多的人必须为了争夺日益减少的食物份额和生存空间而争斗的话,战争的升级看来是无法避免的。 And warfare on a rising scale seems inevitable if too many bodies have to struggle for ever-dwindling shares of food and living space. 因此吉姆?宾司这代人要承担一项艰巨的任务。 So

31、Jim Binns generation has a formidable job on its hands. 但我认为这并不是无法克服的困难。 But not, I think, an insuperable one. 过去的事实证明,处理这项艰巨任务完全可采用以前解决困难问外时使用的方法从实际效果出发,一点一滴,通过大家不懈的努力来完成。 On the evidence of the past, it can be handled in the same way that hard problems have been coped with before-piecemeal, pragma

32、tically, by the dogged efforts of many peopleLesson eight做黑人胜过做女人 成为第一个在国会立足的黑人女性使我变成某种现象人物。国会中还有9个黑人和另外10位女性。我是第一个同时克服了两种阻碍(黑人,女人)的人。在这两种阻碍下,作为一个黑人的阻碍要大大低于作一个女人。 如果我说作为一个黑人的阻力远远大于作为一个女人,或许没有人会质疑我。为什么?因为“我们都知道”在美国存在对黑人的偏见。对女性存在偏见这样的想法在大多数男性看来恐怕也包括大部分女性是非常奇怪的。 许多年来对黑人的偏见对于大多数美国白人是隐形的。当黑人最终开始“关注”这个问题的

33、时候,(发起了)入座运动、罢乘运动和自由骑车运动。美国人(对此)十分怀疑。“谁?我们?”白人用受伤的语调问。“我们歧视(黑人呢)?”(于是形成了)一个对美国白人长时间的、阵痛的再教育。(这个教育)花了白人许多年时间包括那些自认为是自由主义者去探索和根除他们已经作出的种族主义者的态度。 那么根除对女性的偏见有多难呢?我相信这是一个长时间的争斗。部分问题在于美国女性大多数被洗脑和适应了他们和黑人一样作为二等公民的角色。 让我解释一下。我从政超过20载。所有时间但尤其是最后六年,我做了如下工作:能影响竞选成败的所有的无聊的细节工作,这是大部分从政女性不可避免的命运。男性收获了胜利果实。 还是女性,大

34、约有300万自愿者,在美国的政治世界中从事这样的工作。其中优秀者有望获得成为地区或者全国(竞选)副主席的荣耀。这个象征性的位置是一个女性多年忠心地(为竞选)做着邮政工作(回信之类)和组织卡牌聚会的奖赏。这样的一份工作,女性免费获得各州之间的旅行和时而的国家级会议。(会议上)女性也被认为是跟着他的男性上司进行投票。 在1963年,我尝试突破女性固有的角色,(于是)代表Brooklyns Bedford-Stuyvesant(贫民窟)参加了纽约州议会竞选,反对声十分强烈。自从竞选开始,因为我的性别,我面对毫无掩饰的敌意。 不过四年后,当我竞选国会,性别成了最主要的问题。我所在的党内,也曾举行过秘密

35、会议商讨如何阻止我。 我的对手,著名的民权领袖James Farmer试图塑造一个充满男性魅力的黑人形象。他的广播车在邻里间宣传,车上满是带着非洲式头发、穿着短袖套头衫和带着小胡子的年轻男性。当电视台那群人无视我的时候,他们也没意识到一个重要的数据,我和我的竞选经理Wesley MacD知道这个数。在我的选区,注册投票的女性是男性的2.5倍。而女性多数在学生家长和教师联谊会(PTAs)、教会、牌友和其他一些社会服务性组织中。我去找她们并且请求她们的帮助。Farmer先生一点都不知道是什么打败了他。 当一个聪明的女大学毕业生开始找工作的时候,为什么第一个问题总是:“你会打字吗?”藏在这个问题背后

36、的是历史的偏见。为什么女性总被认为是该做秘书而不是领导者?被认为是图书管理员和老师而不是医生和律师?因为女性被认为是不同的、低等的。快乐的家庭主妇和(对生活)满足的黑人的形象都是因为偏见。 女性甚至没达到黑人表面上的水平(没黑人好)。最高法院中没有女性一席。内阁中曾有两位女性,但是现在一个没有。大使地位级别的女性有两位。女性“支配”着低收入(档次),做着无聊的、没有奖金的、没有前途的工作,即使她们升到一个理想的职位,同样的工作,她们的薪水也常常少于男性。 如果这都不是歧视,那么你们怎么这种现象呢? 几年前,我和一位政治领袖谈论一个充满前途的年轻女候选人,“为什么投入那么时间和精力来捧起她?”他

37、问我。“你知道,他只能退出竞选然后结婚生子,若我们没让他准备好参加市长竞选。” 大量的人对我抱有相同的看法。当我试图更进一步时,有许多人建议我回去教书,做回女性的本职工作,把政治留给男人。我热爱教书,并且准备好回去,只要我被说服说是这个国家不再需要一位女性的贡献。 不过在这种情况发生前至少我们都知道今明几年是不会的我们需要的是更多的女性参政。因为我们能做出十分特别的贡献。我希望我成功的事例能说服其他女性参政不仅仅是一些邮政工作,管管办公室。 女性可以给政府带来共鸣,容忍,远见,耐心,坚韧这些天生就有的,也是在男性压迫之下不得不发展的品质。一国女性的生存状况塑造了这个国家的道德,宗教和政治。目前

38、,我们国家需要女性的理想主义和决心,或者在其他地方更多地参与政治中来。Lesson nine要摆脱电视的影响是困难的。 It is difficult to escape the influence of television. 假如统计的平均数字适用于你的话,那么你到20岁的时候就至少看过2万个小时的电视了,从那以后每生活10年就会增加1万小时。 If you fit the statistical averages, by the age of 20 you will have been exposed to at least 20,000 hours of television. You

39、 can add 10,000 hours for each decade you have lived after the age of 20. 比起看电视,美国人只有在工作和睡眠上花时间更多。 The only things Americans do more than watch television are work and sleep. 稍微计算一下,使用这些时间的一部分能够做些什么。 Calculate for a moment what could be done with even a part of those hours. 听说一个大学生仅用5000小时就可以获得学士学位。

40、 Five thousand hours, I am told, are what a typical college undergraduate spends working on a bachelors degree. 在1万个小时内你能学成一个天文学家或工程师,流利掌握几门外语。 In 10,000 hours you could have learned enough to become an astronomer or engineer. You could have learned several languages fluently. 如果你感兴趣的话,你可能读希腊原文的荷马史诗

41、或俄文版的陀思妥耶夫斯基 作品;如果对此不感兴趣,那你可以徒步周游世界,撰写一本游记。 If it appealed to you, you could be reading Homer in the original Greek or Dostoyevsky in Russian. If it didnt, you could have walked around the world and written a book about it. 电视的毛病在于它分散了人们的注意力。 The trouble with television is that it discourages concen

42、tration. 生活中几乎一切有趣的、能给人以满足的事都需要一定的建设性的、持之以恒的努力。 Almost anything interesting and rewarding in life requires some constructive, consistently applied effort. 即使是我们中间那些最迟钝、最没有天才的人也能做出一些事来,而这些事使那些从来不在任何事情上专心致志的人感到像是奇迹一般。 The dullest, the least gifted of us can achieve things that seem miraculous to those

43、 who never concentrate on anything. 但电视鼓励我们不做出任何努力,它向我们兜售即时的满足,它给我们提供娱乐,使我们只想娱乐,让时间在毫无痛苦中消磨掉。 But Television encourages us to apply no effort. It sells us instant gratification. It diverts us only to divert, to make the time pass without pain. 电视节目的多样化成了一种麻醉剂而不是促进思考的因素。 Televisions variety becomes a

44、 narcotic, nor a stimulus. 它那系列的、多变的画面引着我们跟着它走。 Its serial, kaleidoscopic exposures force us to follow its lead. 观众无休无止地跟着导游游览:参观博物馆30分钟,看大教堂30分钟,喝饮料30分钟,然后上车去下一个参观点,只是电视的特点是时间分配以分秒计算,而所选择的内容却多为车祸和人们的互相残杀。 The viewer is on a perpetual guided tour:cathedral, 30 for a drink, then back on the bus to th

45、e next attraction except on television, typically, the spans allotted are on the order of minutes or seconds, and the chosen delights are more often car crashes and people killing one another. 总之许多电视节目取代了人类最可贵的一种才能,即主动集中自己的注意力,而不是被动地奉送注意力。 In short, a lot of television usurps one of the most preciou

46、s of all human gifts, the ability to focus your attention yourself, rather than just passively surrender it. 吸引并抓住人们的注意力是大多数电视节目安排的主要目的,它加强了电视是有利可图的广告的载体的作用。 Capturing your attention and holding itis the prime motive动机 of most television programming and enhances its role as a profitable advertising

47、vehicle. 节目安排使人生活在无休止的恐惧之中,唯恐抓不住人们的注意力不管是什么人的注意力都担心。 Programmers live in constant fear of losing anyones attentionanyones. 避免造成这一局面的最有把握的办法就是使一切节目都保持简短,不要使任何人的注意力过于集中而受到损害,而要通过多样化、新奇性、动作和行动不断地提供刺激。 The surest way to avoid doing so is to keep everything brief, not to strain the attention of anyone bu

48、t instead to provide constant stimulation through variety, novelty, action and movement. 很简单,电视的运作原则就是迎合观众的注意力跨度短这一特点。 Quite simply, television operates on the appeal to the short attention span. 这只是最简单的解决办法,但它逐渐被看作是电视这一宣传媒体特定的,内在固有的性质,是必须履行的职责,似乎是司令萨尔诺夫或另一个令人敬畏的电视创始人给我们传下了刻有铭文的石碑,命令电视上出现的一切节目均不得使观众需要片刻以上的注意力。 It is simply the easiest way out. But

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