2022年压力机液压系统 .pdf

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1、eaintheacci dentinvestigation,managementandreporting,ea chpostshouldbe devel opedunderthissystemspecialistscheck,cleartheexaminations,time,cyclesa ndotherrelevantregulations.Strengthe ningsitesupervisiona ndexamination,todetectandinvestigateillegalcommand,illegaloperationsandviolationsofoperatingrul

2、es.Secondsafetyreferstotheproductionsite,technologymanagement,equi pment,facilities,andsooncanleadtoaccidentsrisksexist.1,accordingtotheextentofthesecurityrisks,solvingisdividedintoa,b,andclevelsofdifficulty;A-level:difficult,miningdifficulties,shallbereportedtothecompanysproblems.B-cla ss:difficult

3、toresolvedifficulties,shallconsistofminingorganizationstosolveproblems.C-cla ss:fromsegmentsandbusinessriskst hatmustbeaddressedintheDe partment.2,open-pitmineunsafetypesincl ude :ele ctrical,transport,blasting,fire,andotherslope.3,accordingtothesev erityofthehazardfilledinbyunittroubleshooting,regi

4、strationform(seeatt目 录一 液压系统原理设计11 工况分析1 2 拟定液压系统原理图4 二 液压缸的设计与计算6 1 液压缸主要尺寸的确定6 2 液压缸的设计7 三 液压系统计算与选择液压元件101 计算在各工作阶段液压缸所需的流量10 2 确定液压泵的流量 , 压力和选择泵的规格 10 3 液压阀的选择12 4 确定管道尺寸 2 液压缸的设计12 5 液压油箱容积的确定12 6 液压系统的验算12 7 系统的温升验算15 8 联接螺栓强度计算16 四 设计心得17 五 参考文献17 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -

5、第 1 页，共 14 页eaintheacci dentinvestigation,managementandreporting,ea chpostshouldbe devel opedunderthissystemspecialistscheck,cleartheexaminations,time,cyclesa ndotherrelevantregulations.Strengthe ningsitesupervisiona ndexamination,todetectandinvestigateillegalcommand,illegaloperationsandviolationsof

6、operatingrules.Secondsafetyreferstotheproductionsite,technologymanagement,equi pment,facilities,andsooncanleadtoaccidentsrisksexist.1,accordingtotheextentofthesecurityrisks,solvingisdividedintoa,b,andclevelsofdifficulty;A-level:difficult,miningdifficulties,shallbereportedtothecompanysproblems.B-cla

7、ss:difficulttoresolvedifficulties,shallconsistofminingorganizationstosolveproblems.C-cla ss:fromsegmentsandbusinessriskst hatmustbeaddressedintheDe partment.2,open-pitmineunsafetypesincl ude :ele ctrical,transport,blasting,fire,andotherslope.3,accordingtothesev erityofthehazardfilledinbyunittroubles

8、hooting,registrationform(seeatt一 液压系统原理设计1 工况分析设计一台小型液压压力机的液压系统，要求实现：快速空程下行慢速加压保 压 快 速 回 程 停 止 工作 循 环 。快 速 往 返速 度 为3m/min ，加 压 速 度为40-250mm/min，压制力为 N，运动部件总重力为25000N，工作行程 400mm，油缸垂直安装，设计压力机的液压传动系统。液压缸所受外负载F 包括五种类型，即：F= F压+ F磨+F惯+F密+G式中：F压- 工作负载，对于液压机来说，即为压制力；F惯- 运动部件速度变化时的惯性负载；F磨- 导轨摩擦阻力负载，启动时为静摩擦阻力

9、。液压缸垂直安装，摩擦力相对于运动部件自重，可忽略不计；F密- 由于液压缸密封所造成的运动阻力；G- 运动部件自重。液压缸各种外负载值1) 工作负载：液压机压制力 F压=N2) 惯性负载：NtgVGF20.255103.08.9325000惯3) 运动部件自重：G=25000N4) 密封阻力F密=0.1F( F 为总的负载 ) 5) 摩擦力液压缸垂直安装，摩擦力较小，可忽略不计。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 14 页eaintheacci dentinvestigation,managementandreporting

10、,ea chpostshoul dbe developedunderthissystemspecialistscheck,cleartheexaminatons,time,cyclesandotherrelevantregulations.Strengtheningsitesupervisiona ndexamination,todete ctandinvestigateillegalcommand,i llegaloperationsandviolationsofoperatingrules.Secondsafetyreferstotheproductionsite,technologyma

11、nagement,equi pment,facilities,andsooncanleadtoaccidentsrisksexist.1,accordingtotheextentofthesecurityrisks,solvingisdividedintoa,b,andclevelsofdifficulty;A-level:difficult,miningdifficulties,shallbereportedtothecompanysproblems.B-class:difficulttoresolvedifficulties,shallconsistofminingorganization

12、stosolveprobl ems.C-class:fromsegmentsandbusinessrisksthatmustbeaddressedint heDepartment.2,open-pitmineunsafetypesincl ude:electrical,transport,blasting,fire,andotherslope.3,accordingtotheseverityofthehazardfilledinbyunittroubleshooti ng,registrationform(seeatt根据上述计算结果，列出各工作阶段所受的外负载。工作循环各阶段外负载表工况计算

13、公式液压缸的负载启动阶段：F启=F密+F惯-GNGFF89.5669.02500020.255109.0惯启加速阶段：F加=F密+F惯-GNGFF89.5669.02500020.255109.0惯加快进阶段：F快=F密-GNGF22500)(9.0快工进阶段：F工=F密+F压-GNGFF56.3055559.0250003000009.0压工快退阶段：F退=F密+GNGF78.277779.0250009.0退按照给定要求与外负载表绘制速度循环图与负载循环图：速度循环图：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 14 页eain

14、theacci dentinvestigation,managementandreporting,ea chpostshouldbe devel opedunderthissystemspecialistscheck,cleartheexaminations,time,cyclesa ndotherrelevantregulations.Strengthe ningsitesupervisiona ndexamination,todetectandinvestigateillegalcommand,illegaloperationsandviolationsofoperatingrules.S

15、econdsafetyreferstotheproductionsite,technologymanagement,equi pment,facilities,andsooncanleadtoaccidentsrisksexist.1,accordingtotheextentofthesecurityrisks,solvingisdividedintoa,b,andclevelsofdifficulty;A-level:difficult,miningdifficulties,shallbereportedtothecompanysproblems.B-cla ss:difficulttore

16、solvedifficulties,shallconsistofminingorganizationstosolveproblems.C-cla ss:fromsegmentsandbusinessriskst hatmustbeaddressedintheDe partment.2,open-pitmineunsafetypesincl ude :ele ctrical,transport,blasting,fire,andotherslope.3,accordingtothesev erityofthehazardfilledinbyunittroubleshooting,registra

17、tionform(seeatt负载循环图：50 L(mm) V (mm /s) 0.674.17 50 400 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 14 页eaintheacci dentinvestigation,managementandreporting,ea chpostshoul dbe developedunderthissystemspecialistscheck,cleartheexaminatons,time,cyclesandotherrelevantregulations.Strengtheningsi

18、tesupervisiona ndexamination,todete ctandinvestigateillegalcommand,i llegaloperationsandviolationsofoperatingrules.Secondsafetyreferstotheproductionsite,technologymanagement,equi pment,facilities,andsooncanleadtoaccidentsrisksexist.1,accordingtotheextentofthesecurityrisks,solvingisdividedintoa,b,and

19、clevelsofdifficulty;A-level:difficult,miningdifficulties,shallbereportedtothecompanysproblems.B-class:difficulttoresolvedifficulties,shallconsistofminingorganizationstosolveprobl ems.C-class:fromsegmentsandbusinessrisksthatmustbeaddressedint heDepartment.2,open-pitmineunsafetypesincl ude:electrical,

20、transport,blasting,fire,andotherslope.3,accordingtotheseverityofthehazardfilledinbyunittroubleshooti ng,registrationform(seeatt2 拟定液压系统原理图1) 确定供油方式：考虑到该压力机在工作进给时需要承受较大的工作压力，系统功率较大，速度较底。而在快进 , 快退时负载较小，速度较快。从节能，减少发热，系统结构，效率，工作压力等方面考虑，泵源系统宜选用轴向柱塞泵。2) 调速方式的选择：在小型压力机液压系统中，进给速度的控制一般采用节流阀或者调速阀。在本系统中选用回油节流调

21、速，3)速度切换方式的选择：系统采用由电磁阀控制的快慢速换接回路，它的结构简单，调节行程比较方便，阀的安装也较容易，但速度换接的平稳性较差。若要提高系统的速度换L(mm) 400 566 22500 F(N) 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 14 页eaintheacci dentinvestigation,managementandreporting,ea chpostshouldbe devel opedunderthissystemspecialistscheck,cleartheexaminations,time

22、,cyclesa ndotherrelevantregulations.Strengthe ningsitesupervisiona ndexamination,todetectandinvestigateillegalcommand,illegaloperationsandviolationsofoperatingrules.Secondsafetyreferstotheproductionsite,technologymanagement,equi pment,facilities,andsooncanleadtoaccidentsrisksexist.1,accordingtotheex

23、tentofthesecurityrisks,solvingisdividedintoa,b,andclevelsofdifficulty;A-level:difficult,miningdifficulties,shallbereportedtothecompanysproblems.B-cla ss:difficulttoresolvedifficulties,shallconsistofminingorganizationstosolveproblems.C-cla ss:fromsegmentsandbusinessriskst hatmustbeaddressedintheDe pa

24、rtment.2,open-pitmineunsafetypesincl ude :ele ctrical,transport,blasting,fire,andotherslope.3,accordingtothesev erityofthehazardfilledinbyunittroubleshooting,registrationform(seeatt接平稳性，可改用由行程阀切换速度的换接回路。液压系统原理图：二 液压缸的设计与计算1 液压缸主要尺寸的确定工作压力 p 的确定：工作压力 p 可根据负载大小及机器类型初步确定， 先查表取液压缸工作压力为25MPa. 设备类型机床农业机械或

25、中型工程机械液压机、重型机械、 起重运输机械磨床组合机床龙门刨床拉床工作压力 P(MPa)0.82.0 35 28 810 1016 2032 液压缸缸筒内径 D 和液压缸活塞杆外径d 的确定：由液压缸缸筒内径（缸径）尺寸系列表查得D=160mm。活塞直径 d，按 d/D=0.7, d=112mm。由液压缸活塞杆外径（杆径）尺寸系列表，取d=125mm。由此求得液压缸的实际有效面积为：22210201.0416.04mDA2222220078.04)125.016.0(4)(mdDA初步计算液压缸最大工作压力：MPaAFPn20.150201.056.3055551精选学习资料 - - - -

26、 - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 14 页eaintheacci dentinvestigation,managementandreporting,ea chpostshoul dbe developedunderthissystemspecialistscheck,cleartheexaminatons,time,cyclesandotherrelevantregulations.Strengtheningsitesupervisiona ndexamination,todete ctandinvestigateillegalcommand,i l

27、legaloperationsandviolationsofoperatingrules.Secondsafetyreferstotheproductionsite,technologymanagement,equi pment,facilities,andsooncanleadtoaccidentsrisksexist.1,accordingtotheextentofthesecurityrisks,solvingisdividedintoa,b,andclevelsofdifficulty;A-level:difficult,miningdifficulties,shallbereport

28、edtothecompanysproblems.B-class:difficulttoresolvedifficulties,shallconsistofminingorganizationstosolveprobl ems.C-class:fromsegmentsandbusinessrisksthatmustbeaddressedint heDepartment.2,open-pitmineunsafetypesincl ude:electrical,transport,blasting,fire,andotherslope.3,accordingtotheseverityofthehaz

29、ardfilledinbyunittroubleshooti ng,registrationform(seeatt按最低工进速度验算液压缸的最小稳定速度，由式23minmin254101. 0cmvQA式中 Qmin是调速阀的最小稳定流量为0.1minL不等式满足，故液压缸能够达到所需稳定工进速度。液压缸缸筒内径（缸径）尺寸系列（GB2348-80）( mm) 8 10 12 16 20 25 32 40 50 63 80 （90）100 （110）125 （140）160 （180）200 （220）250 (280) 320 (360) 400 (450) 500 根据设备的类型有表2-1

30、 初选工作压力 P=25MPa2) 液压缸内径 D 和活塞杆 d 的确定：前面的计算以得出D=16cm, d=12.5cm3) 液压缸壁厚的确定和外径的确定：a. 起重运输机械的液压缸，一般采用无缝钢管制造，无缝钢管大多属于薄壁圆筒结构，其壁厚按薄壁圆筒公式计算： 2Dpy式中： 液压缸壁厚 (m)D液压缸的内径 (m)py试验压力，一般取最大工作压力的(1.251.5)倍 缸筒材料的许用应力。其值为：锻钢： =110120MPa；精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 14 页eaintheacci dentinvestiga

31、tion,managementandreporting,ea chpostshouldbe devel opedunderthissystemspecialistscheck,cleartheexaminations,time,cyclesa ndotherrelevantregulations.Strengthe ningsitesupervisiona ndexamination,todetectandinvestigateillegalcommand,illegaloperationsandviolationsofoperatingrules.Secondsafetyreferstoth

32、eproductionsite,technologymanagement,equi pment,facilities,andsooncanleadtoaccidentsrisksexist.1,accordingtotheextentofthesecurityrisks,solvingisdividedintoa,b,andclevelsofdifficulty;A-level:difficult,miningdifficulties,shallbereportedtothecompanysproblems.B-cla ss:difficulttoresolvedifficulties,sha

33、llconsistofminingorganizationstosolveproblems.C-cla ss:fromsegmentsandbusinessriskst hatmustbeaddressedintheDe partment.2,open-pitmineunsafetypesincl ude :ele ctrical,transport,blasting,fire,andotherslope.3,accordingtothesev erityofthehazardfilledinbyunittroubleshooting,registrationform(seeatt铸钢： =1

34、00110MPa；无缝钢管： =100120MPa；高强度铸铁： =60MPa；灰铸铁： =25MPa。MPappny87.2458.165 .15.1现取 =100MPa：mm90.19100216087.24查无缝钢管标准系列取mm20。)035.016.0(10016.01087.2416.0433. 06tmmt09.39式中：t缸盖有效厚度 (m)；D2液压缸缸盖的止口直径 (m)；d0缸盖孔直径。6)最小导向长度的确定：最小导向长度是指从活塞支撑面到缸盖滑动轴承支撑面中点的距离，如果导向长度过小，将使液压缸的初始绕度增大影响液压缸的稳定性。对一般液压缸，要求最小导向长度H 应满足以

35、下要求：220DlH式中：l液压缸的最大行程；D液压缸的内径。mmDlH100216020400220活塞宽度 B 一般取 B=(0.61.0)D，精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 14 页eaintheacci dentinvestigation,managementandreporting,ea chpostshoul dbe developedunderthissystemspecialistscheck,cleartheexaminatons,time,cyclesandotherrelevantregulatio

36、ns.Strengtheningsitesupervisiona ndexamination,todete ctandinvestigateillegalcommand,i llegaloperationsandviolationsofoperatingrules.Secondsafetyreferstotheproductionsite,technologymanagement,equi pment,facilities,andsooncanleadtoaccidentsrisksexist.1,accordingtotheextentofthesecurityrisks,solvingis

37、dividedintoa,b,andclevelsofdifficulty;A-level:difficult,miningdifficulties,shallbereportedtothecompanysproblems.B-class:difficulttoresolvedifficulties,shallconsistofminingorganizationstosolveprobl ems.C-class:fromsegmentsandbusinessrisksthatmustbeaddressedint heDepartment.2,open-pitmineunsafetypesin

38、cl ude:electrical,transport,blasting,fire,andotherslope.3,accordingtotheseverityofthehazardfilledinbyunittroubleshooti ng,registrationform(seeattB=96160mm，现取 B=130mm。缸盖的滑动支撑面的长度A，根据液压缸内径D 而确定，当 D80mm时，取 A=(0.61.0)d，因为 D=160mm80mm，故 A=(0.61.0)d=75125mm，现取 A=90mm。HmmBA1102901302可满足导向要求。三 液压系统计算与选择液压元件

39、1 计算在各工作阶段液压缸所需的流量vdQ24快进min/80.363125.042Lmin/02.525.016.044221LvDQ工进min/80.004.016.044222LvDQ工进min/49.233)125.016.0(4)(42222LvdDQ快退2 确定液压泵的流量 , 压力和选择泵的规格1) 泵的压力的确定：考虑到正常工作中进油路有一定的压力损失, 所以泵的工作压力为pppp1式中：pp液压泵最大工作压力；P1执行元件最大工作压力；p进油管路中的压力损失 , 初算时简单系统可取0.8MPa。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - -

40、 - -第 9 页，共 14 页eaintheacci dentinvestigation,managementandreporting,ea chpostshouldbe devel opedunderthissystemspecialistscheck,cleartheexaminations,time,cyclesa ndotherrelevantregulations.Strengthe ningsitesupervisiona ndexamination,todetectandinvestigateillegalcommand,illegaloperationsandviolatio

41、nsofoperatingrules.Secondsafetyreferstotheproductionsite,technologymanagement,equi pment,facilities,andsooncanleadtoaccidentsrisksexist.1,accordingtotheextentofthesecurityrisks,solvingisdividedintoa,b,andclevelsofdifficulty;A-level:difficult,miningdifficulties,shallbereportedtothecompanysproblems.B-

42、cla ss:difficulttoresolvedifficulties,shallconsistofminingorganizationstosolveproblems.C-cla ss:fromsegmentsandbusinessriskst hatmustbeaddressedintheDe partment.2,open-pitmineunsafetypesincl ude :ele ctrical,transport,blasting,fire,andotherslope.3,accordingtothesev erityofthehazardfilledinbyunittrou

43、bleshooting,registrationform(seeattMPapppp38.178 .058.161pp是静压力，考虑到系统在各种工况的过渡阶段出现的压力往往超过静压力 。 另 外 考 虑 到 低 压 系 统 取 小 值 ， 高 压 系 统 取 大 值 。 在 本 系 统 中MPapppn33.244. 1。取 Pn=25MPa 3 液压阀的选择液压元件明细表序号元件名称型号通过的流量工作压力1 过滤器XU-D32100 45L/min 25MPa2 轴向柱塞泵CY14-1B 45L/min 25MPa3 压力表KF3-EA20B 20L/min 25MPa4 三位四通换向阀4Y

44、F30-E20B 45L/min 25MPa5 调速阀AQF3-E20B 30L/min 25MPa6 单向阀AF3-EA20B 30L/min 25MPa7 二位三通换向阀23YF3B-E203 45L/min 25MPa4 确定管道尺寸油路内径尺寸一般可参照选用的液压元件接口尺寸而定，也可按管路允许的流速进行计算。本系统主油路流量为差动时流量q=60.29L/min, 压油管的允许流速取v=5m/s。mmvqd97.15529.606.46.4取 d=16mm。综合诸因素及系统上面各阀的通径取d=16mm，吸油管的直径参照CY14-1B 变量泵吸油口连接尺寸，取吸油管内径d=42mm。精选

45、学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 14 页eaintheacci dentinvestigation,managementandreporting,ea chpostshoul dbe developedunderthissystemspecialistscheck,cleartheexaminatons,time,cyclesandotherrelevantregulations.Strengtheningsitesupervisiona ndexamination,todete ctandinvestigateilleg

46、alcommand,i llegaloperationsandviolationsofoperatingrules.Secondsafetyreferstotheproductionsite,technologymanagement,equi pment,facilities,andsooncanleadtoaccidentsrisksexist.1,accordingtotheextentofthesecurityrisks,solvingisdividedintoa,b,andclevelsofdifficulty;A-level:difficult,miningdifficulties,

47、shallbereportedtothecompanysproblems.B-class:difficulttoresolvedifficulties,shallconsistofminingorganizationstosolveprobl ems.C-class:fromsegmentsandbusinessrisksthatmustbeaddressedint heDepartment.2,open-pitmineunsafetypesincl ude:electrical,transport,blasting,fire,andotherslope.3,accordingtothesev

48、erityofthehazardfilledinbyunittroubleshooti ng,registrationform(seeatt5 液压油箱容积的确定本系统为高压系统 , 液压油箱有效容量按泵流量的57 倍来确定 , 现选用容量为 400L 的油箱。6 液压系统的验算已 知 液 压 系 统 中 进 回 油 路 的 内 径 为d=16mm ， 各 管 道 长 度 分 别AB=0.5m, BD=DE=1m, CF=2.5m, DF=1.5m, 选用L-HM32液压油。设其工作在20，其运动粘度 =150cst=1.5cm2/s油液的密度 =920kg/m3。1) 工进进油路的压力损失：

49、运动部件快进时的最大速度为0.25，最大流量为5.02minL，则液压油在油管内的流速为：smmcmdqV/3.416min/01.24986 .11002.5442321管道的雷诺数 Re1为41.445 .16 .163.4111dVReRe12300，可见油液在管道内流态为层流，其沿程阻力系数69.141.4475751eR进油管 FC 的沿程压力损失 p1-1为MPaVdlp023.024163.0920016.0117. 069.122211换向阀的压力损失 p1-2=0.05MPa，忽略油液通过管接头，油路板处的局部压力损失，则进油路的总压力损失 p1为： p1= p1-1+ p1

50、-2=0.023+0.05=0.073 MPa 2)工进回油路的压力损失：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 14 页eaintheacci dentinvestigation,managementandreporting,ea chpostshouldbe devel opedunderthissystemspecialistscheck,cleartheexaminations,time,cyclesa ndotherrelevantregulations.Strengthe ningsitesupervisiona