英语四级真命题2017年度12月(第三套)试卷及答案解析.pdf

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1、2017年12月四级考试真题（第三套） Part I Writing (30 minutes) D1rect10ns: 凡r this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on how to best handle the relationship between doctors and patients. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part II Listening Comprehension 说明： 2017年 1

2、2月四级真题全国共考了两套听力。 本套的听力内容与第二套的完全一样，只是选项的顺序不 一样而已。 Part ID Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section A Directions: In th is section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of cho即es given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passag

3、e through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. We all know there exists a great

4、void (空臼）in the public educational system when it comes to 26 to STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) courses. One educator named Dori Roberts decided to do something to change this system. Dori taught high school engineering for 11 years. She noticed there was a real void in qual

5、ity STEM education at all 27 of the public educational system. She said, I started Engineering For Kids (EFK) after noticing a real lack of math, science and engineering programs to 28 my own kids in. She decided to start an afterschool program where children 29 in STEM-based competitions. The club

6、grew quickly and when it reached控Q members and the kids in the program won several state 30 , she decided to devote all her time to cultivating and 31 it. The global business EFK was born. Dori began operating EFK out of her Virginia home, which she then expanded to 32 recreation centers. Today, the

7、 EFK program 33 over 144 branches in 32 states within the United States and in 21 countries. Sales have doubled from MYM5 million in 2014 to MYMlO million in 2015, with 25 new branches planned for 2016. The EFK website states, Our nation is not 34 enough engineers. Our philosophy is to inspire kids

8、at a young age to understand that engineering is a great 35 . A) attractedB) careerC) championships D) degreesE) developingF) enroll G) exposureH) feasibleI) feeding J) graduatingK) interestL) levels M) localN) operates0) participated 1 Section B Directions: In this section, you are going to read a

9、passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains 叫ormation given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter: Answer the questions by marking the correspond

10、ing letter on Answer Sheet 2. Why arent you curious about what happened? A) You suspended Ray Rice after our video, a reporter from TMZ challenged National Football League Commissioner Roger Goodell the other day. Why didnt you have the curiosity to go to the casino (赌场） yourself? The implication of

11、 the question is that a more curious commissioner would have found a way to get the tape. B) The accusation of incuriosity is one that we hear often , carrying the suggestion that there is something wrong with not wanting to search out the truth. I have been bothered for a long time about the curiou

12、s lack of curiosity, said a Democratic member of the New Jersey legislature back in July, referring to an insufficiently inquiring attitude on the part of an assistant to New Jersey Governor Chris Christie who chose not to ask hard questions about the George Washington Bridge traffic scandal. Isnt t

13、he mainstream media the least bit curious about what happened? wrote conservative writer Jennifer Rubin earlier this year, referring to the attack on Americans in Benghazi , Libya. C) The implication, in each case, is that curiosity is a good thing, and a lack of curiosity is a problem. Are such acc

14、usations simply efforts to score political points for ones party? Or is there something of particular value about curiosity in and of itself? D) The journalist Ian Leslie, in his new and enjoyable book Curious: The Desire to Know and Why Your Future Depends on It , insists that the answer to that la

15、st question isYes. Leslie argues that curiosity is a much overlooked human virtue, crucial to our success, and that we are losing it. E) We are suffering, he writes, from a serendipity deficit. The word serendipity was coined by Horace Walpole in an 1854 letter, from a tale of three princes who were

16、 always making discoveries, by accident, of things they were not in search of. Leslie worries that the rise of the Internet , among other social and technological changes, has reduced our appetite for aimless adventures. No longer have we the inclination to let ourselves wander through fields of kno

17、wledge, ready to be surprised. Instead, we seek only the information we want. F) Why is this a problem? Because without curiosity we will lose the spirit of innovation and entrepreneurship. We wi且see unimaginative governments and dying corporations make disastrous decisions. We will lose a vital par

18、t of what has made humanity as a whole so successful as a species. G) Leslie presents considerable evidence for the proposition that the society as a whole is growing less curious. In the U.S. and Europe, for example, the rise of the Internet has led to a declining consumption of news from outside t

19、he readers borders. But not everything is to be blamed on technology. The decline in interest in literary fiction is also one of the causes identified by Leslie. Reading literary fiction, he says, makes us more curious. H) Moreover, in order to be curious, you have to be aware of a gap in your knowl

20、edge in the first place. Although Leslie perhaps paints a bit broadly in contending that most of us are unaware of how much we dont know, hes surely right to point out that the problem is growing: Google can give us the powerful illusion that all questions have definite answers. I) Indeed , Google ,

21、 for which Leslie expresses admiration , is also his frequent whipping boy (替罪羊） . He quotes Google co-founder Larry Page to the effect that the perfect search engine will understand exactly what I mean 2 and give me back exactly what I want. Elsewhere in the book, Leslie writes: Google aims to save

22、 you from the thirst of curiosity altogether. J) Somewhat nostalgically (怀旧地），he quotes John Maynard Keyness justly famous words of praise to the bookstore: One should enter it vaguely, almost in a dream, and allow what is there freely to attract and influence the eye. To walk the rounds of the book

23、shops, dipping in as curiosity dictates, should be an afternoons entertainment. If only! K) Citing the work of psychologists and cognitive (认知的） scientists, Leslie criticizes the received wisdom that academic success is the result of a combination of intellectual talent and hard work. Curiosity, he

24、argues, is the third key factorand a difficult one to preserve. If not cultivated, it will not survive: Childhood curiosity is a collaboration between child and adult. The surest way to kill it is to leave it alone. L) School education, he warns, is often conducted in a way that makes children incur

25、ious. Children of educated and upper-middle-class parents turn out to be far more curious, even at early ages, than children of working class and lower class families. That lack of curiosity produces a relative lack of knowledge, and the lack of knowledge is difficult if not impossible to compensate

26、 for later on. M) Although Leslies book isnl about politics, he doesnt entirely shy away from the problem. Political leaders, like leaders of other organizations, should be curious. They should ask questions at crucial moments. There are serious consequences , he warns , in not wanting to know. N) H

27、e presents as an example the failure of the George W. Bush administration to prepare properly for the after effects of the invasion of Iraq. According to Leslie, those who ridiculed former Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld for his 2002 remark that we have to be wary of the unknown unknowns were mist

28、aken. Rumsfelds idea, Leslie writes, wasnt absurdit was smart. He adds, The tragedy is that he didnt follow his own advice. 0) All of which brings us back to Goodell and the Christie case and Benghazi. Each critic in those examples is charging, in a different way, that someone in authority is intent

29、ionally being incurious. I leave it to the readers political preference to decide which, if any, charges should stick. But lets be careful about demanding curiosity about the other sides weaknesses and remaining determinedly incurious about our own. We should be delighted to pursue knowledge for its

30、 own sakeeven when what we find out is something we didnt particularly want to know. 36. To be curious, we need to realize fi江st of all that there are many things we dont know. 37. According to Leslie, curiosity is essential to ones success. 38. We should feel happy when we pursue knowledge for know

31、ledges sake. 39. Political leaders lack of curiosity will result in bad consequences. 40. There are often accusations about politicians and the medias lack of curiosity to find out the truth. 41. The less curious a child is, the less knowledge the child may turn out to have. 42. It is widely accepte

32、d that academic accomplishment lies in both intelligence and diligence. 43. Visiting a bookshop as curiosity leads us can be a good way to entertain ourselves. 44. Both the rise of the Internet and reduced appetite for literary fiction contribute to peoples declining curiosity. 45. Mankind wouldnt b

33、e so innovative without curiosity. Section C Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter

34、 on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 3 Passage One Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage. Aging happens to all of us, and is generally thought of as a natural part of life. It would seem silly to call such a thing a disease. On the other hand, scientists are incr

35、easingly learning that aging and biological age are two different things , and that the former is a key risk factor for conditions such as heart disease, cancer and many more. In that light, aging itself might be seen as something treatable, the way you would treat high blood pressure or a vitamin d

36、eficiency. Biophysicist Alex Zhavoronkov believes that aging should be considered a disease. He said that describing aging as a disease creates incentives to develop treatments. It unties the hands of the pharmaceutical (制药的） industry so that they can begin treating the disease and not just the side

37、 effects , he said. Right now , people think of aging as natural and something you cant control , he said. In academic circles , people take aging research as just an interest area where they can try to develop interventions. The medical community also takes aging for granted, and can do nothing abo

38、ut it except keep people within a certain health range. But if aging were recognized as a disease, he said, It would attract funding and change the way we do health care. What matters is understanding that aging is curable. It was always known that the body accumulates damage, he added. The only way

39、 to cure aging is to find ways to repair that damage. I think of it as preventive medicine for age-related conditions. Leonard Hayflick, a professor at the University of California, San Francisco, said the idea that aging can be cured implies the human lifespan can be increased, which some researche

40、rs suggest is possible. Hayflick is not among them. Therere many people who recover from cancer, stroke, or heart disease. But they continue to age, because aging is separate from their disease, Hayflick said. Even if those causes of death were eliminated, life expectancy would still not go much bey

41、ond 92 years. 46. What do people generally believe about aging? A) It should cause no alarm whatsoever. C) It should be regarded as a kind of disease. 47. How do many scientists view aging now? A) It might be prevented and treated. C) It results from a vitamin deficiency. B) They just cannot do anyt

42、hing about it. D) They can delay it with advances in science. B) It can be as risky as heart disease. D) It is an irreversible biological process. 48. What does Alex Zhavoronkov think of describing aging as a disease ? A) It will prompt people to take aging more seriously. B) It will greatly help re

43、duce the side effects of aging. C) It will free pharmacists from the conventional beliefs about aging. D) It will motivate doctors and pharmacists to find ways to treat aging. 49. What do we learn about the medical community? A) They now have a strong interest in research on aging. B) They differ fr

44、om the academic circles in their view on aging. C) They can contribute to peoples health only to a limited extent. D) They have ways to intervene in peoples aging process. 4 50. What does Professor Leonard Hayflick believe? A) The human lifespan cannot be prolonged. B) Aging is hardly separable from

45、 disease. C) Few people can live up to the age of 92. D) Heart disease is the major cause of aging. Passage Two Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage. Female applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences were nearly half as likely to receive excellent letters of recommendation,

46、 compared with their male counterparts. Christopher Intagliata reports. As in many other fields, gender bias is widespread in the sciences. Men score higher starting salaries, have more mentoring (指导），and have better odds of being hired. Studies show theyre also perceived as more competent than wome

47、n in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields. And new research reveals that men are more likely to receive excellent letters of recommendation, too. Say, you know, this is the best student Ive ever had, says KuheliDutt, a social scientist and diversity officer at Columbia Uni

48、versitys Lamont campus. Compare those excellent letters with a merely good letter:The candidate was productive, or intelligent, or a solid scientist or something thats clearly solid praise, but nothing that singles out the candidate as exceptional or one of a kind. Dutt and her colleagues studied mo

49、re than 1 , 200 letters of recommendation for postdoctoral positions in geoscience. They were all edited for gender and other identifying information, so Dutt and her team could assign them a score without knowing the gender of the student. They found that female applicants were only half as likely to get outstanding letters, compared with their male counterparts. That includes letters of recommendation from all over the world, and written by, yes, men and women. The findings are