就英法联军远征中国致巴特勒上尉的信.ppt

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3、状元成才路,1856年，英法联军发动了第二次鸦片战争。1860年10月6日，英法联军闯进圆明园，大肆抢掠，把园里凡能搬动的金银珠宝和珍贵文物统统抢走，来不及拿的或者拿不动的东西，就任意打碎、践踏。最后一把火把这座经营了一百多年的“万园之园”烧成了一堆败瓦颓垣。,圆明园在北京海淀区附近，是清代名园之一。,始建于康熙48年（1709年），为环绕福海的圆明园、长春园、万春园总称，共占地5200余亩。,里面凿湖堆山，种植奇花异草，仿照国内外名胜40景，有建筑物145处 。,它是清代封建帝王在150余年间，所创建和经营的一座巨大皇家宫苑。艺术价值甚高，被誉为“万园之园”。,7 就英法联军远征中国致巴特勒

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6、元成才路,1.了解写作背景，感受雨果站在正义的立场上仗义执言，谴责英法联军无耻行径的宝贵品质。（重点） 2.学习课文运用对比、反语等手法表达强烈感情的方法。（难点) 3.铭记祖国的屈辱历史，激发反对战争，热爱和平的感情。(重点）,学习目标,作者名片,雨果(18021885)，法国浪漫主义文学的重要代表作家。 代表作有小说巴黎圣母院悲惨世界九三年笑面人“诺曼底”号遇难记等。,背景链接,本文选自雨果文集第十一卷（人民文学出版社2002年版）。程曾厚译。有改动。鸦片战争后，英法两国不满足在华的既得利益，制造借口，于1856年联合发动了侵略我国的第二次鸦片战争。1860年10月6日，英法联军闯进圆明园

7、，大肆抢掠。最后还将这座修筑了一百多年、被誉为“万园之园”的圆明园付之一炬。 作为侵略者之一的巴特勒上尉，本想利用雨果的显赫声望，让他为远征中国的所谓“胜利”捧场。但是，雨果这位正直的作家站在人类文明的立场，于1861年11月25日，大义凛然地写下了这封就英法联军远征中国给巴特勒上尉的信，表达了自己的愤慨。,文体知识,书信的格式： 1.称呼。顶格，有的还可以加上一定的限定、修饰词，如“亲爱的”“尊敬的”等。 2.问候语。如“你好”“近来身体是否安康”等。独立成段，不可直接接下文。 3.正文。这是信的主体，可以分为若干段来书写。 4.祝颂语。以“此致”“敬礼”为例。“此致”可以紧接着主体正文之后

8、，不另起段，不加标点；也可以在正文之下另起一行空两格书写。“敬礼”写在“此致”的下一行，顶格书写。 5.署名和日期。写信人的姓名或名字，写在祝颂语下方一至两行处右侧。另起下一行写日期。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成

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10、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,字词学习,赃物（ ） 绸缎（ ） 制裁（ ） 琉璃（ ） 珐琅（ ） 晨曦（ ） 劫掠（ ） 瞥见（ ） 箱箧（ ） 惊骇（ ） 眼花缭乱（ ）,zn,dun,ci,li l,f ln,x,l,pi,qi,hi,lio,词语解释,【眼花缭乱】眼睛看见复杂纷繁的东西而感到迷乱。 【不可名状】不能够用语言形容。名，说出。 【晨曦】晨光。 【瞥见】一眼看见。 【赃物】通过贪污、受贿或抢劫、盗窃等非法手段得来的物品。

11、【荡然无存】形容原有的东西完全失去。 【富丽堂皇】形容建筑物宏伟美丽。 【丰功伟绩】伟大的功绩。 【箱箧】箱子。 【制裁】用强力管束并惩处。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状

12、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状

13、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,整体感知,阅读课文，理清课文层次。,第一部分（1）：交代写信缘由，回复巴特勒上尉征求自己对远征中国的看法。 第二部分（2-9）：热情赞美圆明园的辉煌灿烂，强烈谴责英法联军的侵略罪行。 第三部分（10）：呼应开头，表达对英法联军侵略行径的愤恨之情。,课文解读,【第一部分（1）】,1.怎样理解文章开头的作用？,文章开头，作者直接指明对方让自己写信的用意，即在侵略者看来，他们的侵略是高尚的、光荣的，为下文展开批驳树立了靶子。,2.作者把远征行为形容为是“体面”

14、的，这有什么表达效果？,运用反语，表现了巴特勒上尉卑鄙无耻的丑恶嘴脸。,反语即通常所说的“说反话”，运用跟本意相反的词语来表达某意，含有否定、讽刺以及嘲弄的意思，是一种带有强烈感情色彩的修辞手法。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成

15、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成

16、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,【第二部分（2-9）】,1.第2段在文中有何作用呢？,这是过渡段，起承上启下的作用。作者这样写是欲擒故纵，而且表现了作者运用语言的高超艺术。,铺陈手法。极力描绘圆明园 的富丽堂皇，表明圆明园是世界 文明的瑰宝，而英法联军却因贪 婪无知将其破坏得荡然无存，更能激起人们对英法联军的憎恨之情，也为后文的谴责做了铺垫。,2.第3段中作者运用了什么手法描写圆明园的美丽？有何作用？,3.第3段中为什么要谈到巴特

17、农神庙？,因为巴特农神庙是希腊最负盛名的古建筑，是欧洲人心中的神庙。将巴特农神庙与圆明园相比较，旨在突出圆明园的艺术成就。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才

18、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才

19、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,4.圆明园作为奇迹，它的艺术性质和成就表现在哪几个方面？,（1）圆明园是东方幻想艺术中的最高成就。 （2）圆明园几乎集中了超人的民族的想象力所能产生的一切成就。 （3）圆明园是幻想的某种规模巨大的典范，是亚洲文明的剪影。,5.你是怎样理解第5段中“现在对圆明园也怎么干，不同的只是干得更彻底，更漂亮”一句中的“更彻底，更漂亮”的呢？,这里运用了反语。以反语的形式强烈讽刺强盗的行径和罪恶，强调强盗们这次的行动更丑恶、更野蛮。,6.“丰功伟绩！收获巨大！”这个句子有怎样的表达效

20、果呢？,这个句子运用反语，句末 连用感叹号，模拟强盗的口吻， 写出掠夺者贪婪无耻的丑恶嘴 脸，饱含着作者尖锐的嘲讽意味，也表现了作者强烈的正义感。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才

21、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才

22、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,7.第6段运用了什么修辞手法，表达了作者怎样的思想感情？,运用了反语和对比。“文明人”破坏人类文明；“野蛮人”却是人类文明之所在。作者直斥当局，更显示出大无畏的英雄气概和凛然正气。,8.第7段中作者将政府与人民区分开来有什么作用？,作用是强调政府不能代表人民，英法两国人民对中国人民是友好的，焚掠圆明园是英法政府的行为。作者站在人民的立场上抗议政府的罪行。,9.“我希望有朝一日，解放了的干干净净的法兰西会把这份战利品归还给被掠夺的中国”一句反映了雨果

23、怎样的立场和态度？,“干干净净”是反语，暗指法国政府入侵中国，焚掠圆明园是卑劣的强盗行为。作者从其正直的人道主义立场出发，坚信未来一个解放了的、彻底清除了强盗政府的干净的法国一定会把中国人民的财物归还给中国。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成

24、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成

25、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,【第三部分（10）】,最后一句中“赞誉”一词有怎样的表达效果呢？,以“赞誉”一词作结，既照应了文章的开头，又具有极其尖锐的嘲讽意味。该句鲜明地表达了雨果对远征中国之举的态度强烈谴责，立场非常鲜明。同时，也表现了雨果正直、公正、人道的伟大品格，摒弃狭隘的民族主义，胸怀博大。,从这封信来看，你认为雨果的高贵品质表现在哪些方面？,深入探究,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成

26、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成

27、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,就英法联军远征中国给巴特勒上尉的信,结构梳理,交代写作

28、缘由：征求意见,表明立场,博大胸怀 高尚品格,盛赞圆明园 谴责英法联军,请简要概括文章的主旨内容。,本文通过致巴特勒上尉的信，揭露了英法联军毁灭世界奇迹圆明园的罪行，愤怒地谴责了英法联军的强盗行径，表达了作者对遭受空前劫难的中国人民的同情和敬重。,主旨概括,艺术特色,1.运用反语，讽刺有力。,文中用反语来讽刺英法联军的强盗行为。如“漂亮”“丰功伟绩”“收获巨大”“文明人”等反语有辛辣的讽刺意味。最后作者把自己对他们的严厉谴责说成“全部赞誉”，有极其尖锐的嘲讽意味。,2.对比鲜明，爱憎分明。,文章多次运用对比，充分表达了作者鲜明的爱憎态度，增强了文章的艺术效果，突出了主旨。如：将欧洲人的“文明”

29、与中国人的“野蛮”相对比，“野蛮”的中国人民“耗费了两代人的长期劳动”，创建了“大得犹如一座城市”的圆明园，而“文明”的法兰西、英吉利“闯进了圆明园。一个强盗洗劫，另一个强盗放火”，使圆明园荡然无存，这一对比，将英法联军的野蛮讽刺得淋漓尽致。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才

30、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才

31、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,圆明园的十二生肖铜像以水报时，闻名世界，属于价值连城的国家文物。 十二生肖兽首铜像由郎世宁设计，呈“八”字形，分列在喷水池两旁的人身石台上。每个动物就是一个喷泉机关，每到一个时辰，相应的动物口中就会喷水两个小时。因为古人的一个时辰就是两个,圆明园十二生肖兽首铜像,拓展迁移,小时，十二个时辰正好是二 十四小时。不过到了正午， 它们就要一起喷水，景象蔚 为壮观。 1860年10月英法联军抢劫圆明园，兽首铜像流失海外。截至2014年，牛首、猴首、虎首、猪首、马首、鼠首、兔首、龙首共8个兽首已回归中国；蛇首、鸡首、狗首、羊首共4个兽首仍下落不明。,课后作业,试把你自己当成已经读过雨果来信的“巴特勒上尉”，给雨果写一封回信。,