5.1 Simple sentence.pdf

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1、Simple sentence 1 Objective In this section, you will Learn the definition of simple sentence Learn how to identify the subject and predicate of a simple sentence Know the varieties of simple sentence Know some examples of simple sentence Do a quiz 2 Observe how a simple sentence is constructed? We

2、went to Xiamen yesterday. 3 Simple Sentence We went to Xiamen yesterday. Pronoun Verb Simple subject Complete predicate Prepositional phrase 4 What is a simple sentence A sentence that has one independent clause. 5 What is independent clause A group of words that: (1) makes a complete statement (2)

3、has a subject and a verb/predicate An independent clause is a clause that can stand alone as a sentence. For example： I like Satay noodle in Xiamen. 6 What is a dependent clause A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is one that cannot stand alone as a complete sentence because it does not expre

4、ss a complete thought. Like all clauses, a dependent clause has a subject and verb. Examples: When I visit Xiamen, I will spend a night on Gulangyu Island. 7 The subject of a sentence The subject is the Person Place Thing Quality or ideas Nouns 8 Examples Limei went for a walk. (Person) Towns are qu

5、iet after a snow fall. (Place) Eggs roll on a counter. (Thing) Silence is golden. (Quality) Peace is at hand. (Idea) 9 Identifying the subject Ask yourself, “Who or what is the sentence about?” Dont be distracted by a prepositional phrase Prepositionconnects a noun, pronoun, or verb with some other

6、info about it Prepositional phrase descriptive word group that begins with a preposition 10 Identifying the Subject The subject of the sentence is never in a prepositional phrase! When looking for the subject, cross out the prepositional phrase. Two of my students were absent today. 11 Identifying t

7、he Subject Usually, the subject is located before the verb in a sentence. The dog chased the cat. Although I was tired, I went to class. My parents are paying for my classes this semester. 12 Identifying the Subject Also, the subject of the sentence may be unstated. In a command, the unstated subjec

8、t is you. Get out of here! (You) get out of here! Remember to pay your tuition. (You) remember to pay your tuition. 13 Exercise 1:Correctly identifying the subject The squirrel ran up the tree to get away from the dog. One of my friends takes classes at A&M. Each of the students wants to pass the co

9、urse. Here is my class schedule. Dont forget to study for the test. (You) 14 What is a predicate? The main verb in a sentence and any additional components related to the subjects actions Example: I will go to Xiamen next Friday. Auxiliary verb Verb 15 What is the Main Verb? A main verb tells what t

10、he subject does or links the subject to another word that describes it. There are three types of verbs. Action Verb Linking Verb Helping Verb 16 Verb A verb is a word that shows the action or state-of-being of the subject of the sentence. Examples: Sally sneezed. (Physical action) John thinks. (Ment

11、al action) Jesse is my friend. (State of being) 17 Action Verbs Action Verbtells action subject performs. The student strolled down the hall. The teacher lectured for two hours. 18 Linking Verbs Linking Verbconnects subject to another word or words that describe it. My math teacher is tall. The coll

12、ege campus looks big. Grammar seems difficult. 19 Helping Verbs Helping Verba helping verb joins the action verb to form the complete verb. I should have studied more. The teacher is lecturing. He has been studying all day. 20 Interrupting Words Interrupting words may appear between verbs, but they

13、are not part of the verb. We did not go to the concert. I have often observed students sleeping in the hallways. 21 Exercise 2: Correctly identifying the verb Lily teaches Philosophy. (action verb) Lily is a teacher. (linking verb) Lily is teaching this summer. (helping verb) 22 Is simple sentence r

14、eally simple? Compound subject: has more than one noun performing the action Simple subject: has only one noun performing the action Compound predicate: has more than one verb using the same subject Simple predicate: has only one verb using a subject 23 Linking words Compound subjects/ predicates ar

15、e linked by linking words, such as but, and, so, nor, or 24 Types of Simple Sentence 1. S V 主语 谓语 2. S VV 主语 双谓语 3. SS V 双主语 谓语 4. SS VV 双主语 双谓语 25 SIMPLE SENTENCE: S V Tom plays tennis. SUBJECT PREDICATE one subject one predicate 26 SIMPLE SENTENCE: S VV Tom plays tennis and swim. SUBJECT PREDICATE

16、 one subject one predicate 27 Simple Sentence: SS V play tennis. Tom and Lucy Compound Subject & 28 Simple Sentence: SS VV play tennis and swim. Tom and Mary Compound Subject Compound Predicate & & 29 Examples of Simple Sentences The old man died. The man was 90 years old. His son killed him. His so

17、n made him very angry. His son bought him some poison. The old man died after taking the poison. 30 Basic patterns in simple sentence Subject / verb Subject/verb/direct object Subject/verb/complement Subject/verb/indirect object/direct object Subject/verb/direct object/object complement 31 Subject /

18、verb He laughed. The baby crawled and cried. 32 Subject/verb/direct object President Xi Jinping gave a speech. 33 Subject/verb/complement The consultant seemed very happy. 34 Subject/verb/indirect object/direct object The new president gave us hope. 35 Subject/verb/direct object/object complement Th

19、e boy thinks himself intelligent. 36 Seeing meaning in learning about sentence types in English Once a writer knows how to write a simple sentence, it is possible to apply strict mechanical rules for writing both compound and complex sentences. And with just these three sentence types, it is possibl

20、e to write good essays, with good sentence variety, perfectly acceptable for academic work. 37 Write your own simple sentence describing this picture. 集美大学英语语法与句子写作 38 Quiz 1. A simple sentence has A. an independent clause B. a dependent clause C. A combination of clauses D. None are correct 39 有缘学习更多+ 谓y g d 3 0 7 6 英语四六级考证资料 Quiz 2. Simple sentences may contain A. subject B. Verb C. Compound subject and verb D. All are correct 40