医学专业英语1-4单元术语解释、短语和课后习题答案(24页).doc

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1、-医学专业英语1-4单元术语解释、短语和课后习题答案-第 24 页Chapter 1Human Body as a Whole Medical Terminology Learn the following combining forms, prefixes and suffixes and write the meaning of the medical term in the space provided.1. a hormone secreted from the adrenal gland2. inflammation of the adrenal gland 3. pertainin

2、g to medicine4. pertaining to biology 5. pertaining to chemistry 6. pertaining to the blood vessel 7. pertaining to cells8. pertaining to molecules 9. pertaining to the medicine of the living thing10. the study of the living thing 11. pertaining to the physics of the living thing 12. the study of th

3、e heart 13. the disease of the heart14. the record of the heart waves15. the study of the human inner secretion from glands16. pertaining to the production of hormone17. the study of inner gland secretion 18. the red blood cell19. the white blood cell 20. the lymph cell 21. the study of cell 22. the

4、 study of chemistry of cell23. the study of biology of cell 24. the study of embryo25. the tumor of the embryo 26. the study of the disease of the embryo27. the study of the human inner secretion from glands28. pertaining to the inside of the heart29. pertaining to the inside of the cell30. above th

5、e skin 31. above the skin 32. inflammation of the skin 33. red blood cells 34. instrument of measuring red blood cells 35. to breathe out the waste gas 36. to drive somebody or something out 37. to spread outside38. sth that produces diseases 39. the study of blood 40. blood cells 41. the study of t

6、issues 42. the study of tissue pathology43. therapy treatment, hence tissue treatment 44. pertaining to the base 45. pertaining to the toxin46. pertaining to symptoms 47. the study of bodys auto protection from diseases48. protected from 49. deficiency in the immune system of the body50. substance f

7、rom the adrenal gland 51. water from it52. the study of societies 53. the study of urinary system54. the study of cell 55. lymph cells 56. tumor of the lymphatic system 57. the study of the lymphatic system 58. the study of physical growth 59. a doctor of internal medicine 60. treatment by physiolog

8、ical methods 61. the new growth ,tumor 62. the study of mind63. abnormal condition of the mind 64. the study of the relationship between psychology and biology65. a condition of over activity of the thyroid gland 66. the condition of under activity of the thyroid gland67. the inflammation of the thy

9、roid gland 68.cutting apart the human body as a branch of medical sciences69. cut open the bone 70.to cut the heart open71. pertaining to the blood vessel 72. inflammation of the blood vessel 73. pertaining to the lymphatic system and the blood vessel Key to the Exercises B.1. （embryo）embryology 2.

10、(process/condition) mechanism3. (heart) cardiovascular 4. (color) chromatin5. (secretion) endocrinology 6. (cell) cytology7. (sth. that produces or is produced) pathogen8. (lymph) lymphatic 9. (the study of) psychology10. (pertaining to) regularLanguage Points:put together组成 known as 叫做 joints betwe

11、en bones关节 to provide points of attachment for the muscles that move the body牵动骨骼肌引起各种运动 hip joint髋关节 flexible有韧性的 cushioning缓冲 replaced by bone 骨化 one bone moves in relation to the other两骨彼此靠近产生运动 contents物质nourishment营养物质 function发挥功能 waste products废物 accumulate积聚 poison the body危害生命 distributes运送

12、 needed materials有用的物质 unneeded ones废物 is made up of包括 protectagainst foreign invaders防止外来侵袭（See! Power Point）identical对等的 receives吸收 traveled through流经 forced out压送 reenter流入 directly直接地 channels 管道 filters过滤 larynx喉管 trachea气管 two lungs左右肺 very large number of 大量的 air spaces肺泡 release释放出 extending

13、 延伸到 broken down分解 absorbed into吸收进 chewing咀嚼 esophagus食管 Key to the Section B Passage 1 Exercises B.1. (The skeletal system consists of bones, joints and soft bones.)2. (Heart is generated when muscles are contracted, which helps keep the body temperature constant.)3. (The circulation of blood carr

14、ies useful materials to all body cells while removing waste ones.)4. (Oxygen is inhaled and carbon dioxide is exhaled in the process of respiration.)5. (The digestion of food involves both mechanical and chemical procedures.)6. (The urinary system keeps normal levels of water and of certain chemical

15、s in the body.)7. (The pituitary is a major gland located under the brain in the middle of the head.)8. (The brain collects and processes information and then sends instructions to all parts of the body to be carried out.)9. (The main function of the male reproductive system is to generate, transpor

16、t and keep active male sex cells.)10. (The largest of the bodys organs, the skin protects the inner structure of the body with a complete layer.) Key to the Section A Passage 1 Exercises E.1. cardiovascular diseases 2. function of the pituitary3. the urinary tract 4. molecules 5. artery 6. endocrino

17、logy7. dyspnea / difficulty in respiration 8. saliva9. histology 10. blood circulation11. hematology 12. physiology13. anatomy 14. the female reproductive15. nervous cells 16. immunology17. indigestion / poor in digestion 18. voluntary muscle 19. embryology 20. psychology Section B, Passage 2 Cells

18、and TissuesLanguage PointsOrganized组（构）成 arranged in to构成 in turn are grouped into又进一步组成 serves its specific有特定的 bear in mind记住 result from源于 billions亿万 determind确立 fit on合在一起 by contrast相比之下 machinary机构 while normally在正常情况下 function with great efficiency高效地发挥作用 are subject to易于发生 result in导致 millio

19、nth百万分之一equal等于 average一般 a speck barely visible基本上看不见的一个小点 The science that deals with cells on the smalleststructural and functional level is called molecular biology.从最小的结构及功能水平研究细胞的科学叫分子生物学。 living jelly生命胶囊 encloses 覆盖 is done完成 external以外的 semipermeable半透性的 phospholipid磷脂（膜） intact完整 distribut

20、e分布 diffusion扩散 dissolved分解 pinocytosis胞饮作用 breaks loose分裂出来 drifts into进入 varies from-to在-范围内变化 depending on取决于 vanish消失 stiffening增强剂 glucose葡萄糖 run through交织 twists through交织穿过stacks堆 appear to看来 play a part in对-起作用 hereditary traits细胞特性 strands条串 too thinly strung过于稀疏 spherical structure球体状 cavi

21、ties孔穴 coordinates协调 Key to the Exercises B1. cytology 2. protoplasm 3.cell membrane 4. cell nucleus 5. cytoplasm 6. deoxyribonucleic acid7. semipermeable 8. molecular biology 9. carbodydrate10. differentially 11. to keep . intact 12. on the evidence of 13.hereditary trait 14. diffusion15. transacti

22、on 16. blueprint 17. chromosome 18. pigment 19. to excrete waste liquid 20. to disperse21. impulse 22. ribonucleic acid Key to the Exercises C1. 细胞质的各处以及沿着胞浆网有数量很多的核糖体。2. 位于细胞上的叫做“小穴”的小室收集化学信号，并把它们传送到细胞。3. 研究细胞的科学家已经确立：一个细胞可能有一个网球那么大，也可能成千上万个细胞合在一起才有针尖那么大。4. 对于那些单细胞的有机体而言，这种液体是题细胞以外的水，即海洋、湖泊或小溪；但对于多

23、细胞的生物而言，这种媒介就是生物体的一部分对于植物来讲是它的汁液， 对于动物来讲是它的血液。Chapter 2 Diseases and DisordersMedical TerminologyLearn the following combining forms, prefixes and suffixes and write the meaning of the medical term in the space provided.1. without symptoms 2. lack of blood 3. pertaining to the condition of lacking s

24、hape4. cutting apart the body as a branch of medical sciences5. examination through separation, taking things apart6. a specialist whose work is to carry out analysis 7. the x-ray photo of the blood vessel8. surgical repaie of the vessel 9. inflammation of the blood vessel10. destroys or weakens bac

25、teria or neutralizes the poison they produce11. stimulates the production of antibodies12. destroys or inhibits the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria13. sth to do with the lungs 14. pertaining to the urinary tract15. pertaining to heredity 16.not enough; lack17. no longer generate, produce,

26、go down18. ribonucleic acid without oxygen19. the complete knowledge about a patient20. complete separation of waste matter from 21. a cross measurement of a round surface22. the machine which records the heart electric waves23. the record of the muscle electric wave24. the record of electric wave o

27、f the brain25. within a particular group of people 26. to close in27. to swallow in 28. complete knowledge of a patient29. the state of knowing sth before it actually occurs30. record of electric wave of the heart 31. an x-ray photo of the blood vessel 32. an x-ray photo of the muscle（spinal cord） 3

28、3.the machine which records the heart electric waves34. the instrument which measures the time35. the instrument which measures the breath36. the process of taking X-ray photograph 37. the process of using ultra sound to detect the abnormality of the body38. inflammation of the liver 39. the cell of

29、 the liver40. pertaining to the liver and stomach 41. inflammation of the colon 42. inflammation of the stomach43. inflammation of the intestine44. the process of taking x-ray photos of the breasts45. x-ray photos of the breasts 46. surgical reconstruction of the breasts47. the instrument for measur

30、ing amount of air breathed into the lungs48. the instrument for measuring temperatures49. the instrument for measuring pressure50. the abnormal condition of hardening 51. abnormal mind condition 52. pertaining to infection53. pertaining to the nerve 54. pertaining to the mucus55. the study of diseas

31、es 56. the instrument to record diseases57. germs that produce diseases 58. a tape of cell of the body defense system destroys invaders59. the study of how the cell of the body defense system destroys invaders60. surgical repair of the blood vessel 61. surgical repair of the bone 62. surgical repair

32、 of the muscle63. status of a woman before her labor 64. to make statement about the future event 65. before it is mature 66. pertaining to the lungs67. the study of the lungs 68. inflammation of the lungs69. the science which deals with x ray or radioactive substances70. pertaining to radioactivity

33、 71. the instrument to examine the heart and lungs by listening 72. the instrument that can make bacteria and virus look larger enough to be examined73. the instrument which is used to examine the bladder74. the instrument for measuring the amount of air breathed into the lungs75. breathing 76. havi

34、ng to do with the spirometer77. the instrument to examine the heart and lungs by listening78. the chest pain 79. to measure the circumference of the chest80. treatment of diseases by medicine (chemistry)81. treatment of diseases by x ray or radioactive agents82. treatment of diseases by physical mea

35、ns83. the study of urinary system 84. the instrument which measures sugar in the urine85. to do with the reproductive organ and the urinary tractKey to the Section A Exercise B1. the colon colitis 2. the stomach gastritis 3. the intestine enteritis 4. the lungs pumonitis 5. the breast mammitis 6. th

36、e thyroid thyroiditis7. the lymph vessel lymphangitis 8. the blood vessel vasculitis 9. the adrenal gland adrenalitis 10. the blood vessel angitisSection B ReadingsPassage One Human DiseasesLanguage Points: brief survey 概论 glimpse 印象 fundamentals 基础、原理the picture is not complete 这一概论就不完整the modern a

37、pproach to the study of disorder 现代对疾病的研究方法aspect方面 defined as a condition 被定义为一种状态succumb to 受制于 in turn 反过来说 detect 觉察swollen blood vessel 血管扩张 strikes 侵袭 community 社区runs a short course 病程短 often hits without warning 常常发作没有前兆gradual onset 发病慢 ailment （精神）病 causative agents 病愿体airborne droplets 空气

38、小粒 sneeze 打喷嚏 produce 导致a disease-producing organism 一个致病的有机体 disturbances紊乱poorly operating nervous system 神经系统工作不良 provoked 引发drug addiction 吸毒成性 Furthermore 而且 gene patterns 基因improperly operating 工作状态不良 Genetic disorders 基因失调inborn errors of metabolism 先天性代谢失调mental retardation 智力发育迟缓 places to

39、breed 繁衍的世界broadly 广义地 ward off 阻止 sexual contact 性接触 cholera 霍乱typhoid fever 伤寒热 tainted 腐烂的 barriers 屏障offer considerable resistance 在很大程度上抵抗 In minor cases在较轻的病例中lined with mucus-secreting cells 覆盖满了能分泌黏液的细胞 trap 捕捉dust particles 尘粒 wave like a field of wheat 象麦田里的小麦一样舞动foreign matter 异物 potentia

40、l 潜在的 thrive 蓬勃繁殖assumes higher 达到高烧 Wax 蜡 flock to 群集在try to localize the infection 使感染局部化 pus-filled abscesses 脓块Unless 如果不 drain 排除 blocked 挡住 tender 松柔的brought 感染上传 traces 侵袭 long-lasting 长期的 range 包括are a class of 一种被称为 sites 部位 link with 相连 hook up 粘和out of action 失去作用 by inactivating 失去活性key

41、portion of the harmful substance 关键有害部分 butter the surface 表面涂上一些奶油make them tastier to phagocytes 让吞噬细胞更喜欢吞噬它们intermediate 中间体 actually destroy 实施消灭 fixes 会有一个eat through 咬穿 burst 暴开 several kinds 若干the most plentiful and versatile 数量最多用途最多 next most plentiful 数量次多 adapted to 适合 at the first signs

42、of 一有。出现 against the infection 对付传染病involved 涉及 triggered by 触发 to multiply 准备繁殖are not the best qualified to fight a wide range of antigens不是对付广普抗原的最好选择concentrates 集中 sticks well to 粘连 switched off 停止example of negative feedback control 消极反馈控制的例子Key to the Exercise E1. （每一个抗体由一条化学亚单位（即氨基酸）的重链和一条轻链

43、所构成。这条轻链上有特别的部位，氨基酸能使其补体和抗原子相连。）2. （某些情况下，通过调理素作用的过程，抗体在抗原表面涂抹上一些“奶油” ，让吞噬细胞更喜欢吞噬它们。）3. （在另一些情况下，抗体和一个细菌抗原合上以后，却需要一个中间体，或补体来实施对该细胞的消灭。于是，当抗体和抗原的结合体随血液循环时，该结合体有一个补体附体。）4. （在第一天左右，血液中没有发现对付传染病的抗体。但是，这只是因为涉及抗体制造的基本细胞已被当前的抗原存在所触发而准备开始繁殖。）Key to the Section B Passage 1 Exercise F1. to impair proper funct

44、ion 2.to contaminate environment3. malfunction 4. causative agent 5. vulnerable groups 6. localized infection7. venereal disease 8. antigen and antibodySection B, Passage 2 Diagnosis and Prognosis Language Points：clinical encounters就诊过程 set the stage for making a diagnosis触使医生作出一个诊断 diagnosis is accomplished with一个完整的诊断