常见介词用法(85页).doc

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1、-常见介词用法-第 85 页常见介词的用法一.about作介词的用法: .关于a. What are you talking about ?b. I read about it in todays newspaper.c. When I first saw you together, I was so happy about it.d. You are entirely wrong about the whole matter.e. He said he had to see me about something important.f. I have no doubt about that.

2、在周围, 围绕a. There was a white fence about the house.b. I went closer, and he put his arms about me.在范围内, 到处a. After tea I wandered alone about the town.b. He walked for three hours about the London street.在附近, 在身边a. The streets about the park are very clean.b. She likes to have her children about her.

3、在身上, 在身边a. Do you have two hundred yuan about you ?b. I happen to have a pencil about me.词组或固定搭配: see about负责处理; set about开始着手做某事二.above作介词的用法: .在上方a. The moon was now above the trees in the east.b. The shelf should be six feet above the level of the floor.在. .之上, 比高, 高于, 超过a. The temperature was on

4、ly a degree above zero.b. He is a head above me.c. Above 200 people were there when the fire broke out.d. All children above six years of age must go to school.词组或固定搭配: above all首先, 最重要的是三.across作介词的用法: .穿过, 跨过(从一边到另一边)a. There is no bridge across the river.b. He hurried across the bridge to Waterlo

5、o.在(河, 街等的)另一边a. The bus stop is just across the road.b. Across the street was a caf full of people.交叉a. He sat with his arms across the chest.b. At one point the railway line goes across the road.在全境, 在境内a. There are hundreds of such shops across the country.b. The measures are already taken in a f

6、ew places across the United States.词组或固定搭配: come acorss偶然碰到四.after作介词的用法: .(指时间)在之后a. What shall we do after graduation ?b. He was still weak after his long illness.c. After sending that letter I realized how stupid I was.d. After having had twelve months practice, I decided to make one more effort.

7、(指空间)在后面a. He entered the room after his father.b. He called after me three or four times.照的样子, 跟着a. Will you please make the box after this model ?b. The boy was named after his uncle.词组或固定搭配: after all毕竟, 究竟; after dark天黑之后; be after想得到, 寻求, 追求; go after追求, 设法得到; look after照顾, 照看; one after anothe

8、r一个接一个地五.against作介词的用法: .表示反对关系:a. I will speak against anything that I know to be wrong.b. Many of the students are against the plan.(表位置)靠着, 顶着, 迎着, 衬着a. The piano stood against the wall.b. He could hear the rain pattering against the windows.c. The trees were black against the morning sky.d. He s

9、truck her head against the branch of a tree.预防, 防备, 准备时用a. We are all taking medicine against the disease.b. They bought some warm clothes against the cold winter.c. We have to save some money against old age.表示对比关系a. He was elected by a majority of 20 votes against 10.词组或固定搭配: against ones will违反自己

10、的意愿; go against违反, 不利于六.along作介词的用法: 表示 “沿着”a. They traveled along the west coast.b. There are trees all along the river banks.七.among作介词的用法: .在中间, 在当中, 是中间的一个a. The great leader prefers to live among the working people.b. Divide the money among the six of you.c. The town lies among the mountains.d.

11、 I was among the first to arrive.e. Shelley is among the worlds greatest poets.f. Paris is among the largest cities in the world.(和反身代词等连用)相互间, 共同, 一起a. They quarreled among themselves for half an hour.b. The three boys discussed the matter among themselves.c. Among them, they collected over a hundr

12、ed pounds.八.at作介词的用法: .在(某一地点或场合)a. Jenkins was not at his office.b. He had taken a job at a childrens hospital.c. I live at 403, Brook Street.d. The had left the luggage at the station.e. Watson asked him to dinner at a restaurant.f. Lets meet at the entrance of the station.g. The car is waiting at

13、 the gate.h. The girl is at the window, looking out into the garden.i. I met her at the end of the road.j. I sat at the back of the room, the important people sat at the front of the room.k. The post office is at the corner of the street.l. Did you speak at the meeting ?m. I met him at an evening pa

14、rty.在(某一个时刻, 时候, 时期等)a. Dinner was at one oclock.b. At the present moment he is supposed to be in Paris.c. At noon there was still no news.d. He worked in the daytime, and at night he went to the night school.e. At the end of the year there was a great deal to do.f. Cyril was born in 1874 at Christm

15、as.g. At that time he was in his middle sixties.h. At this time of year it didnt get dark until nine oclock.i. The railway was being built at that period.向, 对(表示动作的方向或目标)a. I wish youd come and look at my drawing.b. Old Mr. Smith stared at his youngest son.c. He shot at the bear but missed.d. Then t

16、hree policemen rushed at him.为, 对于(表示引起某种情绪的原因)a. He looked surprised at seeing us.b. He was very angry at losing the game.c. Sophia was very delighted at the chance.d. He felt glad at what the teacher had said.e. They were overjoyed at his return to work.f. The whole nation was in deep sorrow at hi

17、s death.在的情况下(表示一个动作的起因)a. He was writing the story at the request of his teacher.b. All theatres were closed at the command of the government.表示在某状态下或在进行某动作a. The country was at war for 6 years in the 1920s.b. They were at their meal when the phone rang.c. He was at his work until late into night.在

18、某方面a. She is quite clever at drawing.b. He is an expert at repairing.表示价格, 数量, 速度等a. I had a small room, at a cost of fifteen cents per night.b. He sells the cloth at a dollar a meter.c. The car is running at its top speed.d. They are working at top speed to develop a new printing machine.词组或固定搭配: a

19、t a time一次; notat all一点也不; at all costs不惜一切代价; at any rate不管怎样; at first sight乍一看, 一见面; at heart在内心里; at last最后, 终于; at least至少; at most至多; at once马上, 立刻; at present目前, 现在; at the same time同时; at the top of ones voice高声地; at times有时候, 间或; at work在工作, 起作用; at worst在最坏情况下九.before作介词的用法: .在前面a. He sat

20、before the fire to warm herself.b. I will not have you talking that way before the children.在以前a. It began to rain just before midnight.b. He had come to Europe before the outbreak of the war.c. He waited a little while before making up his mind.d. Before entering, Holmes made an examination of the

21、door.词组或固定搭配: before long不久, 一会儿之后; before ( ones ) time提前, 早到十.behind作介词的用法: .在后面, 到后面a. There is a garden behind the house.b. The dog was running behind its masters bicycle.c. We could feel the threat behind all they said.d. He was behind the others in ability.比晚a. New York is twelve hours behind

22、Peking in time.b. He arrived at the office ten minutes behind me.词组和固定搭配: behind the times过时, 跟不上时代; behind time晚了, 晚点十一.below作介词的用法: 表示 “在以下, 在下面”a. The temperature is below freezing.b. Miners work below the surface of the earth.十二.beside作介词的用法: .在旁边a. He was sitting beside her.b. The house is besi

23、de the river.和比较起来a. His work seems poor beside yours.b. Beside last years results, the number for this year have fallen.十三.besides作介词的用法: 表示 “除了”a. I think there are nine pounds left, besides come pennies.b. Twelve students passed the exam besides Jim.十四.beyond作介词的用法: .在之外, 在的那一边(更远处)a. The house i

24、s beyond the bridge.b. The sun sets beyond the distant hills.超出(能力, 范围等)a. The noisy child is beyond her control.b. The stars in the sky are beyond number.c. To do this was quite beyond my ability.d. He was beyond the help of the doctor.e. This is much too expensive beyond my income.f. The car was d

25、amaged beyond the hope of repair.g. That is going beyond joke.超过a. I shall not stay beyond half an hour.b. There werent beyond twenty people present.到以后, 比晚a. Dont stay there beyond midnight.b. He never sees beyond the present.十五.but作介词的用法: .表示 “除去, 除开”, 多和nothing, not anything, nobody, nowhere, who

26、, all等连用, 可以接名词, 代词, 介词短语, 形容词, 不定式等a. I never saw him reading anything but newspaper.b. Nobody else but Robert could ever say such a thing.c. Everyone has knows it but you.d. Put it anywhere but on the floor.e. You can find that sort of thing nowhere but in England.f. She looks anything but well.g.

27、 She was anything but pleased when he heard this.h. We had no choice but to wait.i. He wanted nothing but to stay there with her.j. I did nothing but ( to ) write a letter this evening.词组和固定搭配: but for要不是(句子谓语多用虚拟语气)a. But for the rain we should have had a pleasant journey.b. But for his help, I wou

28、ld not have finished the work in time.c. But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier.十六.by作介词的用法: .在旁边, 从旁边(经过) a. I sat down just by the corner. b. I put the vase back on the table by the window. c. He walked by the others without looking at them. .通过, 经由, 取道 a. He rose quickly and went out b

29、y another door. b. I shall return possibly by Dublin. .在(某时)前, 到时为止 a. By last Friday we had stayed here for more than ten days. b. By that time shed have thought out a plan. c. By next Friday I will have finished the work. d. By then he was more than fifty years of age. e. I will be back by three.

30、.表示动作的执行者 a. Are all these good made by machine ? b. He was punished by the teacher for being late. c. Have you read that novel by Shirley ? .表示手段或方式, 可译为 “通过, 用, 以, 按照” a. Judged by what he is wearing, he is very rich. b. Judging by the smell, the food must be very good. c. It is nine oclock by my

31、watch. d. By helping them we are helping to save ourselves. e. He taught himself to play the violin by practising all night f. Shall I send it by post ? .表示工具 a. I came here by bus. b. I returned to town by train. c. She called him up by telephone to thank him. d. This kind of shoes are made by hand

32、. .和seize, take, hold等动词连用, 说明接触身体的哪一部分 a. She seized the child by the collar. b. He took the child by the hand. c. He came forward and shook me by the hand. d. The man grabbed him by the arm. .(指数量)按计算 a. These cigarettes are sold by weight. b. Sugar is sold by the pound, and petrol by the gallon.

33、c. These workers are paid by the week. d. He buys them by the dozen. e. I rent the house by the year. .表示数量增减或差别的程度 a. We lost the match by one goal. b. He is older by five years than John. c. The water level has risen by 2 meters as a result of the heavy rain. .表示尺寸, 距离等, 相当于 “乘以” a. I want a piece

34、 of paper 3 inches by 5 inches. b. This room is forty feet by twenty. .词组和固定搭配: by accident偶然地; by chance偶然地, 碰巧; by means of借助于, 靠; by mistake出于误会, 弄错了; by oneself单独地, 独立地; by the way顺便说; by turns轮流; learn by heart记熟; one by one一个接一个地; little by little一点点地; side by side并肩地, 并排地; 十七.down作介词的用法: .沿着向

35、下 a. Together we walked down the stairs. b. The boats sail up and down the river. .沿着 a. I was walking down the street when he called me from behind. b. They walked down the path for half an hour before they got to the lake. 十八.during作介词的用法: 表示 “在一段时间内, 在某时期内” a. He swims every day during the summer

36、. b. I have seldom seen her during this year. c. Only two trains left during the morning. d. Not a word did they say during the meal. e. He kept silent all the time during the discussion. 十九.except作介词的用法: 表示 “除去, 除了”, 可以接名词, 代词, 介词短语, 不定式, 从句 a. Everybody is against the plan except you. b. We go the

37、re every day except Sunday. c. He seldom went anywhere except to his office. d. I looked everywhere except in the bedroom. e I can take my holidays at any time except in August. f. It had no effect except to make him angry. g. He will do anything except ( to ) lend you money. h. This suit fits me we

38、ll except that the trousers are too long. i. He has no special fault except that he smokes too much. j. He never came to see me except when he was in trouble.二十.for作介词的用法: .为了 a. He would do anything for her. b. He great writer wrote for his own people. c. Robert is there to get material for a new b

39、ook. d. He had an operation for a heart disease. e. The money is for buying food for the party. f. They went for a holiday by the Black Sea. g. He asked his father for a computer on his birthday. .因为, 由于 a. France is famous for its wines. b. I am ashamed of myself for not having written a letter to

40、you. c. I am so sorry for what I said to you the other day. d. When he saw the exam results he wept for joy. .对于 a. You are too old for the kind of work you are doing. b. He had much respect for Mr. Smith. .供用的, 给的 a. Do you have a seat for me ? b. There is no more room for such a bag at the back of

41、 the car. c. Here is your letter for you. .就来说, 作为来说 a. It is quite warm tonight for February. b. The weather was very cold for the time of the year. c. For so young a man he has experienced so much. .表示买卖或交换关系 a. Nobody is willing to work for nothing. b. I sold the house for 100 dollars. c. I paid

42、more than 600,000 yuan for the house. d. Can you give me change for a pound ? .作为(意思接近as) a. Most of the rooms of this building are used for offices. b. Do you take me for a fool ? c. I had meat for supper. .前往(某目的地) a. I will leave for Shanghai tomorrow. b. He is to start for San Fancisco in couple

43、 of days. .表示时间长度或距离 a. For five years Smith had lived alone at Danvers Street. b. For miles and mile you see nothing but trees. c. Her temperature has been normal for the last five weeks. .赞成, 主张, 支持 a. Most people in the town are for the plan of the government. .(表示比例关系)每 a. For every sunny day th

44、ere are four sunny ones. b. For fourteen students who passed the exam there was only one who didnt. .引导不定式动词的逻辑主语 a. It would be best for you to write to him soon. b. For such an old man to run fast is dangerous. c. The best thing will be for me to go home and settle everything now. d. What I want i

45、s for you to talk with me for a while. e. Ive got some good books for your to read. f. There was nowhere else for me to go. g. He opened the door and stood beside for her to pass. .词组或固定搭配: for certain / sure肯定地, 确切地, 有把握地; for fear of唯恐, 担心; for oneself为自己, 替自己; for sale供出售; for short简称; for the pu

46、rpose of为的目的; for the moment一时间, 暂时; for the present就现在来说, 暂时; for the time being暂时; takefor认为是; 把当作二十一.from作介词的用法: .从, 由, 来自, 从来 a. The sound came from the kitchen. b. I heard them calling me from below. c. I saw you that day from across the street. d. He took a knife from under the pillow. e. A car came along from behind me. f. Lunch is from eleven to two. g. Three weeks from today is our holiday. h. He received a great deal of praise from his classmates. i. This has taken a load from my mind. j. Light comes from the s