关于大学英语四级语法指导.pdf

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1、关于大学英语四级语法指导关于大学英语四级语法指导非谓语动词与独立主格：短语，句子(或者句子，短语)当短语局部有独立主语，并且该主语不同于句子主语，这时短语构造称为独立主格。(它最明显的特点是短语局部有独立的主语)。独立主格的构造 1：名词(代词)+ 分词 现在分词、过去分词现在分词表示主动的，正在进展的行为;过去分词表示被动的，已经完成的行为。 作题时要通过判断动作与名词(代词)之间的关系来确定是使用现在分词还是过去分词。当动作由名词(代词)发出时使用现在分词，而名词(代词)是受动者时那么用过去分词。1. Silver is the best conductor of electricity，

2、 copperB it closely.A followed B following C to follow D being followed2. All things A， the planned trip will have to becalled off.A considered B be considered C considering D havingconsideredcall off 取消; cancel vt. 取消; 四级中的考点就是现在分词和过去分词的区别。独立主格的构造 2：with + 名词(代词)+ 分词 句子当中作状语3. After the Arab states

3、 won independence， greatemphasis was laid on expanding education， with girls aswell as boys C to go to school.A to be encouraged B been encouraged C being encouragedD be encouragedas well as 和(相当于 and); be encouraged 不会考。动词不定式有预示将来行为的含义。to be encouraged 将要被鼓励;been encouraged 已经被鼓励完了，与主句的谓语动词相对;being

4、 encouraged 正在被鼓励短语局部没有独立主语，那么短语构造称为非谓语动词。非谓语动词的构造：分词(分词短语)句子的主语决定非谓语动词中的分词是用主动还是被动形式。如果是句子的主语发出动作，那么使用现在分词;如果动作不是由句子的主语发出，那么使用过去分词。1.No matter how frequently A， the works of Beethovenalways attract large audiences.A performed B performing C to be performed D beingperformedperform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;to be

5、 performed 将要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;一些特殊的动词：第一点：forget 忘记; 反义 remember 记得;这两个词后加动词不定式表示将要进展的行为;这两个词后加动词 ing 形式表示已经做过的事情。注意：动名词与现在分词形式一样，但含义不同。这两个词后加动词 ing 形式都是动名词。forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事;remember to do sth. 记得要去做某事; remember doing sth.记得做过某事;2. I remember B to help us

6、 if we ever got into trouble.A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D tooffer himoffer vt. 提出，提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正确。xx 四级听力 10 大常考场景总结（4）场景四：购物1.采购衣服必备词汇表size 型号 e in all sizes 号全2.采购电器必备词汇表model 款 discount 折扣latest technology 最

7、新的科技 reduce 减少短语局部没有独立主语，那么短语构造称为非谓语动词。非谓语动词的构造：分词(分词短语)句子的主语决定非谓语动词中的分词是用主动还是被动形式。如果是句子的主语发出动作，那么使用现在分词;如果动作不是由句子的主语发出，那么使用过去分词。1.No matter how frequently A， the works of Beethovenalways attract large audiences.A performed B performing C to be performed D beingperformedperform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;to be pe

8、rformed 将要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;一些特殊的动词：第一点：forget 忘记; 反义 remember 记得;这两个词后加动词不定式表示将要进展的行为;这两个词后加动词 ing 形式表示已经做过的事情。注意：动名词与现在分词形式一样，但含义不同。这两个词后加动词 ing 形式都是动名词。forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事;remember to do sth. 记得要去做某事; remember doing sth.记得做过某事;2. I remember B to help us if

9、 we ever got into trouble.A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D tooffer himoffer vt. 提出，提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正确。动名词的复合构造：但凡一个动词的后面可以加动名词，就可以加动名词的复合构造。动作发出者 + 动名词;当动作发出者名字给出时：名词所有格+ 动名词;当动名词的复合构造在文章中出现，且动作发出者在前文中提过时：形容词物主代词(宾格)+

10、 动名词。形容词物主代词：his， her， my， your， their， our。代词宾格：him， her， me， you， us， them。第二点：want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing客观需要或缺乏。例. Your hair wants B. Youd better have it donetomorrow.A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut1. The children went there to watch the iron tower D.A to erect B be erected C

11、erecting D being erectedwatch 看电视用，看比赛用; see 看电影用;感官动词 watch， see， hear; 感官动词 + 名词(代词)+ dobe erected 强调的是动作的结果; being erected 强调的是动作的过程。2. The engine D smoke and steam.A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives offgive up 放弃; give in 屈服，让步; give off 释放，放出(烟和气体);give away 泄露，走漏风声;婚礼中新郎的父亲把新娘的手交给新郎的过程

12、;赠送礼品。3. The manager promised to keep me C of how ourbusiness was going on.A to be informed B on informing C informed D informingkeep sb. + 分词; inform v. ，告知; inform sb. of sth.通知某人某件事情keep me informed 使我被告知。4. The goals B he had fought all his life no longerseemed important to him.A after which B f

13、or which C with which D at whichfight with sb. (注意要看整个句子); fight with + 工具 用该工具来打仗。 fight for 为而战。I fight with him. 我和他打起来了。 I fight with himagainst her. 我和他并肩对付她。5. They C in spite of the extremely difficultconditions.A carried out B carried off C carried on D carriedforwardin spite of 尽管; carry on

14、 坚持，继续。注意：want doing 中 doing 表示的是被动含义。例. This room is so dirty that it wants A.A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned第三点：mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲 ;mean doing 意味着，的意思是例. Theres a man at the reception desk who seems veryangry and I think he means B trouble. reception desk 接待台A making

15、 B to make C to have made D having made动名词的复合构造：但凡一个动词的后面可以加动名词，就可以加动名词的复合构造。动作发出者 + 动名词;当动作发出者名字给出时：名词所有格+ 动名词;当动名词的复合构造在文章中出现，且动作发出者在前文中提过时：形容词物主代词(宾格)+ 动名词。形容词物主代词：his， her， my， your， their， our。代词宾格：him， her， me， you， us， them。第二点：want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing客观需要或缺乏。例. Your hair wan

16、ts B. Youd better have it donetomorrow.A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut注意：want doing 中 doing 表示的是被动含义。例. This room is so dirty that it wants A.A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned第三点：mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲 ;mean doing 意味着，的意思是例. Theres a man at the reception desk who seems

17、veryangry and I think he means B trouble. reception desk 接待台A making B to make C to have made D having made1. The children went there to watch the iron tower D.A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erectedwatch 看电视用，看比赛用; see 看电影用;感官动词 watch， see， hear; 感官动词 + 名词(代词)+ dobe erected 强调的是动作的结果; be

18、ing erected 强调的是动作的过程。2. The engine D smoke and steam.A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives offgive up 放弃; give in 屈服，让步; give off 释放，放出(烟和气体);give away 泄露，走漏风声;婚礼中新郎的父亲把新娘的手交给新郎的过程;赠送礼品。3. The manager promised to keep me C of how ourbusiness was going on.A to be informed B on informing C infor

19、med D informingkeep sb. + 分词; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. ofsth. 通知某人某件事情keep me informed 使我被告知。4. The goals B he had fought all his life no longerseemed important to him.A after which B for which C with which D at whichfight with sb. (注意要看整个句子); fight with + 工具 用该工具来打仗。 fight for 为而战。I fight with h

20、im. 我和他打起来了。 I fight with himagainst her. 我和他并肩对付她。5. They C in spite of the extremely difficultconditions.A carried out B carried off C carried on D carriedforwardin spite of 尽管; carry on 坚持，继续。1. The children went there to watch the iron tower D.A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erectedwa

21、tch 看电视用，看比赛用; see 看电影用;感官动词 watch， see， hear; 感官动词 + 名词(代词)+ dobe erected 强调的是动作的结果; being erected 强调的是动作的过程。2. The engine D smoke and steam.A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives offgive up 放弃; give in 屈服，让步; give off 释放，放出(烟和气体);give away 泄露，走漏风声;婚礼中新郎的父亲把新娘的手交给新郎的过程;赠送礼品。3. The manager promi

22、sed to keep me C of how ourbusiness was going on.A to be informed B on informing C informed D informingkeep sb. + 分词; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. ofsth. 通知某人某件事情keep me informed 使我被告知。4. The goals B he had fought all his life no longerseemed important to him.A after which B for which C with which D

23、at whichfight with sb. (注意要看整个句子); fight with + 工具 用该工具来打仗。 fight for 为而战。I fight with him. 我和他打起来了。 I fight with himagainst her. 我和他并肩对付她。5. They C in spite of the extremely difficultconditions.A carried out B carried off C carried on D carriedforwardin spite of 尽管; carry on 坚持，继续。6. I should like

24、to rent a house， modern， fortableand B in a quiet neighborhood.A all in all B above all C after all D over allall in all 总而言之;above all 首先，尤其是;after all 毕竟，终究;overall 全面的，总体的in a word 总之，in short 简而言之，in conclusion 最后，总之，to sum up 总之，总而言之。7. B we have finished the course， we shall start doingmore re

25、vision work.A For now B Now that C Ever since D By nownow that 既然，由于(相当于 since); ever since 自从以来。与 that 搭配且后面可以加句子的几个表达形式：now that 既然，由于; in that 因为; except that 除之外。except 后面加名词或代词;except that 后面加句子。8. What you have done is D the doctors orders.A attached to B responsible to C resistant to Dcontrar

26、y tobe attached to 连接，附属; This school is attached toBeida. 这所学校附属于北大。responsible to 对负有责任; resistant adj. 对抗的，抵抗的; water resistant 防水的。be contrary to 与。相反(相违背)。9. John regretted A to the meeting last week.A not going B not to go C not having been going D notto be goingregret doing 懊悔做过某事; regret to do sth. 遗憾的做某事(应用语境非常有限)。10. We regret to inform you that the materials youordered are B.A out of work B out of stock C out of reach D out ofpracticeout of work 失业; out of reach 够不着 within reach 够得着; out of practice 缺乏练习。