实验班提优训练(9页).doc

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1、-实验班提优训练-第 9 页八、情态动词和虚拟语气I.情态动词基本用法情态动词用 法否定式疑问式简答式can能力（体力，智力，技能）允许或许可（口语中常用）可能性（表猜测，用于否定句或疑问句中）can not / cannot /cant doCando?Yes,can.No,cant.couldcouldnt domay可以（问句中表示请求）可能，或许（表推测）祝愿（用于倒装句中）may not do Maydo?Yes,may. No,mustnt/cant.mightmight not doMightdo?Yes,mightNo,might not.must必须，应该（表主观要求）肯定，

2、想必（肯定句中表推测）must not/mustnt doMustdo? Yes,must.No,neednt/dont havehave to只好，不得不（客观的必须，有时态和人称的变化）dont have to doDohave to do?Yes,do. No,dont.ought to应当（表示义务责任，口语中多用should）ought not to/oughtnt to doOughtto do?Yes,ought. No,oughtnt.shall用于一三人称征求对方意见用于二三人称表示许诺、命令、警告、威胁等shall not/shant doShalldo?Yes,shall

3、. No,shant.should应当，应该（表义务责任）本该（含有责备意味）should not/shouldnt doShoulddo?will意愿，决心请求，建议，用在问句中would比较委婉will not/wont doWill/Woulddo?Yes,will. No,wont.wouldwould not/wouldnt dodare敢（常用于否定句和疑问句中）dare not/darent doDaredo?Yes,dare.No,darent.need需要,必须（常用于否定句和疑问句中）need not/neednt doNeeddo?Yes,must. No,neednt.

4、used to过去常常（现在已不再）used not/usednt/usent to dodidnt use to doUsedto do?Diduse to do?Yes,used. No,use(d)nt. Yes,did. No,didnt.II.情态动词的重点知识表示“能力、许可”的can和may表示能力的情态动词用can/couldA computer _ think for itself; it must be told what to do.A. cant B. mustnt C. may not D. might not表示许可时用may/might ,can/could 都可

5、以，但在问句中用could?或might？ 以使口气委婉客气，其回答一定要用can或may，以使回答口气明确（must表示一定，必须，mustnt表示禁止，不许可）。Could I call you by your first name? Yes, you_A. will B. could C. may D. mightJohnny, you _ play with the knife, you _ hurt yourself.A. wont/cant B. mustnt/may C. shouldnt/must D. cant/shouldnt在肯定句中could不可以用来表示过去某一特定场

6、合的能力，而要用was/were able to。The fire spread through the hotel very quickly butEveryone _ get out.A. had to B. would C. could D.was able to表示“推断、判断”的canmay,must在肯定句中都可以用来表示可能。在含义上must语气最肯定,may表示的是事实上的可能性。Peter _ come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet.A. must B. may C. can D. will而can表示的是逻辑上的可能性

7、：Mary is in poor health. She can be ill at any times.在否定句中只能用can和may。所以cant时用以代替mustnt，语气比may更肯定。中文可以翻译为不可能。Michael _ be a policeman, for hes much too short.A. neednt B. cant C. should D. may在疑问句只能用can，不能用may和must。He may be very busy now. Can he be very busy now?He must be very busy now. Can he be v

8、ery busy now?needneed作为情态动词只有一种形式，只用于否定句和疑问句。daredare作为情态动词用时有两种形式：dare和dared两个词形，除了可以用于否定句和疑问句外，还可以用于条件从句或表示怀疑的句子中。If he dare come, I will kick him out. I dont know whether hedare say.注意:He doesnt dare(to)answer the question.（否定句）Does she dare(to)enter the dark room?（疑问句）shall用于第一人称：征求对方的意见。What sh

9、all we do this evening?用于第二、三人称：警告、命令、允诺、威胁等。You shall fail if you dont work harder. 警告He shall have the book when I finish reading.允诺He shall be punished.威胁should劝告、建议、命令、应该做、道义上的责任。You should(ought to) go to class right away. I should(ought to) help him because he is in trouble.will/ would请求、建议，wo

10、uld比will委婉客气。Would you pass me the book?表示意志、愿望和决心。I will never do that again. They asked us if we would do that againwould可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。During the vacation he would visit me every weekThe wound would not heal.（伤口老是不能愈合）would表示估计或猜想。It would be about ten when he left home. What would she be doin

11、g there?情态动词+have done的用法could+have done：本可以做而实际上未能做。You could have done better, but you didnt try your best.cannot+ have done：表示对现在或过去行为的否定推测。He cannot have been to that town.can+主语+ have done：表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定（用在疑问句中）。Can he have got the book?might(may)+ have done：对过去发生的行为不太肯定的推测。He may not have fini

12、shed the work.If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.must+ have done：对过去发生的行为肯定的推测。其否定式为：cannot have done。You must have seen the film.You cannot have seen the film.neednt+ have done：本来不必要做的而实际上又做了。You neednt have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.注意：didnt need to(ha

13、ve to)do：没有必要做而实际上也没有做I didnt need to clean the windows. My sister did it 2 hours ago.should(ought to)+ have done：本来应该做而实际上又没有做。其否定形式表示某中行为不该发生却发生了。You should have started earlier, but you didnt.She shouldnt have taken away my measuring tape,for I worked to use it.注意：He should have finished the work

14、 by now.（表推测）虚拟语气类 别用 法例 句If引导的条件从句与现在事实相反从句动词：过去式（be用were）主句动词：should/would/could/might+doIf he were here, he would help us.与过去事实相反从句动词：had+done主句动词：should/would/could/might+have+doneIf I had been free, I would have visited you.与将来事实相反从句动词：过去式/should+动词原形/were+to do主句动词：should/would/could/might+动词原

15、形If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping.省略if的虚拟条件句将虚拟条件从句中的were，had, should放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装Should he come ,tell him to ring me up.Were I you, I would not do it.Had I been free, I would have visited you.混合虚拟条件句不同时间的虚拟：各遵守各的规则If he had listened to me, he would not be in trouble now.If he had

16、 told me yesterday, I should know what to do now.If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party.虚拟与陈述的混合：各遵守各的规则He could have passed the exam, but he wasnt careful enough. You should have come earlier. The bus left a moment ago.含蓄虚拟条件句but for+名词表示虚拟条件句子或主句中的谓语动词的形式视具体情况而定。这是考查考生应变能力的最佳试题。-Bu

17、t for your timely warning, we _ into great trouble.-You know were friends.A. would get B. must have got C. would have gotD. cant have gotwithout+名词虚拟条件Without the air to hold some of the suns heat, the earth at night would be freezing cold.动词不定式虚拟条件It would be only partly right to follow in this way

18、.现在分词表示虚拟条件Having known in time ,we might have prevented the accident.过去分词表示虚拟条件Given more attention, the tree could have grown better.副词otherwise表示虚拟条件I was too busy at that time. Otherwise, I would have called you. 连词but连接的句子表示虚拟条件He _fatter but he eats too little .A. would become B. would have be

19、come C. must become D. must have become 其它状语从句as if/as though引导的状语从句中动词用did或haddone或wouldcouldmightdo。注意：as if/ though引导从句中也可以用陈述语气：当说话者认为所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时：It sounds as if it is raining听起来像是在下雨。He talks as if he is drunk从他谈话的样子来看他是醉了。与现在事实相反He talks as if he knew where she was与过去事实相反He talks abo

20、ut Rome as if he had been there before.与将来事实相反He opened his mouth as if he would say something.in order that/so that引导的状语从句中动词用can/could/may/ might/ would等+doTurn on the light so that we can see it clearly.宾语从句demand, suggest, order, insist后接的从句中动词为should+doHe suggested that we not change our mind.w

21、ish后的从句中分别用过去式，过去完成式和should/would+do表示与现在，过去和将来情况相反I wish I could be a pop singer.I wish I would have gone to Shanghai last month.主语从句在It is necessary / important / strange thatIt is suggested / demanded/ ordered / requested that等从句中，谓语动词用should+doIt is strange that such a person should be our frien

22、ds.其它句型中It is time that句型中动词用过去式或should+doIts high time that we left/should leave.would rather所接的从句中动词用过去式或者过去完成式I would rather you stayed at home now.If only句型中动词常用过去式或者过去完成式，表示强烈的愿望If only our dream had come true!1.I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I _ the book from which it was made.A. have r

23、ead B. had read C. should have read D. are reading2.You are late. If you _ a few minutes earlier, you _ him.A. come; would meetB. had come; would have metC. come; will meet D. had come; would meet3.The two students talked as if they _ friends for years.A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had be

24、en4.It is important that I _ with Mr. Williams immediately.A. speakB. spoke C. will speak D. to speak5.He looked as if he _ ill for a long time.A. was B. wereC. has been D. had been6.If the doctor had come earlier, the poor child would not _.A. have laid there for two hours B. have been lied there f

25、or two hoursC. have lied there for two hoursD. have lain there for two hours7.I wish that I _ with you last night.A. went B. could go C. have goneD. could have gone8.Lets say you could go there again, how _ feel?A. will youB. should you C. would you D. do you9.I cant stand him. He always talks as th

26、ough he _ everything.A. knew B. knows C. has known D. had known10._ the fog, we should have reached our school.A. Because of B. In spite of C. In case of D. But for11.If you had told me in advance, I _ him at the airport.A. would meet B. would had met C. would have met D. would have meet12.Mike can

27、take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he_ me how.A. teaches B. will teach C. has taught D. would teach13.I would have told him the answer had it been possible, but I _ so busy then.A. had beenB. were C. was D. would be14.Hes working hard for fear that he _.A. should fal

28、l behindB. fell behind C. may fall behind D. would fallen behind17.My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he _ there.A. not went B. wont go C. not go D. not to go20.You look so tired tonight. It is time you _.A. go to sleep B. went to sleep C. go to bed D. went to bed23._ today,

29、 he would get there by Friday.A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves 1.Haditnotbeenfortheheavyfog,you_（就看到了美丽的塔）inthedistanceeasilylastTuesday.(see) 2.Were_（下雨）tomorrow,themeetingwouldbeputoff.(rain) 3.Whichdoctor_（你建议请来）immediately?(suggest) 4.It_(一定下着大雨)whenhegotba

30、ckhome,forhewaswetallover.(rain) 5.Whatapity! We_(宁愿听取)ourteachersadviceyesterday.(wouldrather) 6.I_(本想参加)yourparty,butIhadtoworkextrahourstoprepareaspeech.(wouldlike) 7.Withalittlemorecareyou_(能避免)thistrafficaccident.(avoid) 8.Whenthepolicetookthesuspecttothepolicestation,heinsistedthathe_(没偷)thela

31、dyspurseandthathe_(释放).(steal,set) 9.HowIwishI_(被录取了)thekeyuniversity.(admit). 10.Theweatherturnedouttobefineyesterday,I_(本不需要那么麻烦)tocarrymyumbrellawithme.(take) 11.Theworkersinthefactorydemandedthattheirpay_ (提高20%).(raise) 12.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_(断了).(break) 13.Many co

32、al mine accidents_(本来可以避免的)if we had followed the strict safety rules.(avoid)14.Look what mistakes Ive made, If only I_(听你的劝告).(follow)15. _(万一你被解雇), your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.(fire)16.Luckily wed brought a map with us, _(没有它我们就会迷了路).(without)17.He would hav

33、e helped us but that he_(没时间)at that time.18.The suggestion that the mayor_(发奖)has been accepted by everyone.(present) 19.Itishightimethatwe_(采取措施)protecttheenvironment.(measure) 20.He_help you (本来打算),but he had no time.(mean)21.If the weather had been more favorable , the crop_(会长得更好)now. (grow)22.

34、What I advise is that_(你们要安静)。(quiet)Keys: 15 BBDAD 610 DDCAD1115 CDCAA1620 ACAAD 2123 DBC 1. would have seen the beautiful tower 2. it to rain 3. do you suggest be sent for 4. must have been raining 5. would rather have taken 6. would like to have attended 7. could have avoided 8. didnt steal, be s

35、et free 9. had been admitted to 10. neednt have taken the trouble 11. be raised by 20 percent 12. were broken 13could have been avoided14.had followed your advice15.If you should be fired/ Should you be fired16.without which I would have got lost17.had no time 18.should present the prize 19.should t

36、ake/took measures20.had meant to 21.would be growing better 22.you should be quiet语法填空：1. IwouldratherTom_(come)tomorrow.seemsasifit_(be)winternow.wouldhavehappenedifyou_(nothelp)herchild？isstrangethathe_(think)so.wishI_(meet)myuncleyesterday.insistedthattheearth_(move)thesun.theweather_(be)bad,wher

37、ewouldyougo?foryourhelp,Icouldnt_(find)theplace.doyouthinkwouldhappenedifthere_(be)nolightintheday?wasverybusyyesterday,otherwiseI_(go)totheparty.yourhelptheoldman_(notlive)now.ishightimeyou_(take)themedicine,sir.13.I wish I _( attend) the meeting yesterday.14.I wish I _(can) fly.15.He wished he _(n

38、ot fall) in love with her before.16. I would rather you _(paint) the wall green next time.17.I would rather she _(not do) that.18.If only I _(take) your advice.19. If only I _(be) a bird!20. It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I _ (do) it. 21. My mom suggests that we _

39、eat out for a change this weekend. 22. Dont handle the vase as if it _(be) made of steel. 23. If he _ (follow) my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job. 24. We took a taxi to the lecture hall. Otherwise we _ (be) late for the meeting. 25. If we _ (book) a table earlier, we wouldnt be standing here in

40、 a queue. 单句改错：1. If I was you, I would run faster.2. If I live near my office, I would walk to work.3. I know nothing about the film. If I knew about it, I will tell you.4. If she worked hard enough, she would have passed the English exam.5. If it were not rain tomorrow, they might go to the Great

41、Wall.6. If it were not for the fact that she couldnt sing, I would invite her to the party.7. Should the weather fine, we might go on a trip.8. She was very busy yesterday, otherwise she would come to the meeting.9. I wish I was as tall as you.10. How I wish I can pay a visit to Paris.11. He wishes that he studied French instead Japanese in the college.12. I woul