翻译资格笔译高级考试模拟试题：爱尔兰.docx

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1、汉译英爰尔兰共和国是西欧的一个主权国家，其国土面积为爰 尔兰岛的六分之五。爰尔兰的首都和最大城市是都柏林， 该国460万人口中约三分之一居住在这座大都市。唯一与 爰尔兰在陆地上接壤的是英国的北爰尔兰。爰尔兰是中央 集权的议会制共和国，总统为国家元首，由选举产生。爱尔 兰总理由议会下议院选出。在爰尔兰独立战争和随后签署 的英爰条约之后，爰尔兰于1922年脱离联合王国获得 独立。独立之初的爱尔兰只是一块（仍受英国控制的）自治 领，在1931英国议会通过威斯敏斯特条例后，爱尔兰 才获得英国对其立法独立的正式成认。1937年爰尔兰实施 了一部新宪法，这部宪法规定该国的名称为爱尔兰。 在1949年，爱尔

2、兰共和国法案1948获得通过，爰尔 兰宣布成为一个共和国。以人均GDP计算，爱尔兰位居 世界最富裕国家行列。1973年，爰尔兰通过了一系列自由 经济政策，这促进了经济的快速增长，同时社会不平等问 题加剧。1995年到2007年，该国经济欣欣向荣。但其经 济良好态势被2008年爆发的史无前例的金融危机所中 断，与此同时全球经济也遭受重挫。在2011年和2013年 的联合国人类开展指数报告中，爰尔兰位列最兴旺国家 第七位。并且该国在国家开展的其他几个指标方面表现突 出，包括媒体自由、经济自由和公民自由方面。该国奉行不 结盟的中立外交政策。2011年,爱尔兰人口为4588252 人，自2006年来增

3、加了 8.2%。截止2011年，爰尔兰 的出生率为欧盟最高（每千人每年出生16名婴儿）。2012 年,爰尔兰35.1%的新生儿为未婚女性所生。在2002年 到2006年这个阶段，爰尔兰每年人口增长率超过2% ,这 归功于较高速度的自然人口增长和移民。这个增长率在随 后的2006年到2011年这个阶段稍微下降，此阶段的人 口年增长率为1.6%。在性别平等方面，爰尔兰排名世界第 五。在2011年，爱尔兰被评为欧洲最慈善国家第一名，世 界最慈善国家第二名。在1979年以前,避孕措施在爱尔 兰是受到管制的，但罗马天主教影响力的消退导致了爰尔 兰社会越来越世俗化。1983年，第八修正案成认了 未出 生的

4、婴儿的生命权，其所具有的生命权资格与其妈妈的生 命权资格是平等的。第十三和第十四修正案的通过确保了女 性有在国外堕胎的权利以及学习堕胎服务的权利，这 种服务在爱尔兰是违法的，但在国外是合法的。1937年宪 法禁止离婚的规定在1995年通过的第十五修正案中被废 止了。与欧盟平均水平相比，爱尔兰的离婚率十分的低，而 爱尔兰的结婚率那么稍稍高于欧盟平均水平。爱尔兰宪法禁 止死刑，同时规定基于年龄、性别、性取向、婚姻或家庭状 况、宗教和种族方面的歧视是违法的。爰尔兰在2002年 开始对塑料购物袋开征环境税,2004年开始在公共场所禁 烟，而这些举措在世界上均属首创。资源循环利用在爰尔 兰开展的很广泛，

5、爰尔兰的包装循环利用率在欧盟位居第 二。参考译文The Republic of Ireland is a sovereign state in Western Europe, occupying about five-sixths of the island of Ireland. The capital and largest city is Dublin,whose metropolitan area is home to around a third of the country7 s 4.6 million inhabitants. The state shares its only

6、land border with Northern Ireland. It is a unitary, parliamentary republic with an elected president serving as head of state. The head of government is nominated by the lower house of parliament.Following the Irish War of Independence and the subsequent Anglo-Irish Treaty, Ireland gained independen

7、ce from the United Kingdom in 1922. Initially a dominion, Ireland received official British recognition of full legislative independence in the Statute of Westminster of 1931. A new constitution was adopted in 1937, by which the name of the state became Ireland. In 1949, Ireland was declared a repub

8、lic under the Republic of Ireland act 1948.Ireland ranks among the wealthiest countries inthe world in terms of GDP per capita. In 1973, Ireland enacted a series of liberal economic policies that resulted in rapid economic growth, coupled with a dramatic rise in inequality. The country achieved cons

9、iderable prosperity from 1995 to 2007. This was halted by an unprecedented financial crisis that began in 2008, in conjunction with the concurrent global economic crash.In 2011 and 2013 Ireland was ranked as the seventh-most developed country in the world by the United Nations Human Development Inde

10、x. It also performs well in several metrics of national performance, including freedom of the press, economic freedom and civil liberties. It pursues a policy of neutrality through non-alignment.The population of Ireland stood at 4,588,252 in2011, an increase of 8.2 percent since 2006. As of 2011,Ir

11、eland had the highest birth rate in the European Union (16 births per 1,000 of population). In 2012, 35.1 percent of births were to unmarried women. Annual population growth rates exceeded 2 percent during the 2002-2006 period, which was attributed to high rates of natural increase and immigration.

12、This rate declined somewhat during the subsequent 2006-2011 period, with an average growth rate of 1.6 percent.Ireland ranks fifth in the world in terms of gender equality. In 2011, Ireland was ranked the most charitable country in Europe, and second most charitable in the world. Contraception was c

13、ontrolled in Ireland until 1979, however, the receding influence of the Catholic Church has led to an increasingly secularized society . In 1983, the Eighth Amendment recognized the right to life of the unborn , subject to qualifications concerning the /zequal right to life” of the mother. The passa

14、ge of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments guarantees the right to have an abortion performed abroad, and the right to learn about “services that are illegal in Ireland, but legal abroad. The prohibition on divorce in the 1937 Constitution was repealed in 1995 under the Fifteenth Amendment. Divo

15、rce rates in Ireland are very low compared to European Union averages while the marriage rate in Ireland is slightly above the European Union average.Capital punishment is constitutionally banned in Ireland, while discrimination based on age, gender, sexual orientation, marital or familial status, r

16、eligion and race is illegal.Ireland became the first country in the world to introduce an environmental levy for plastic shopping bags in 2002 and a public smoking ban in 2004. Recycling in Ireland is carried out extensively and Ireland has the second highest rate of packaging recycling in the European Union.