动态路由协议RIP与OSPF的配置(14页).doc

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1、-动态路由协议RIP与OSPF的配置-第 14 页海南大学信息科学技术学院实 验 报 告评定成绩指导教师 实验课程： 计算机网络 实验名称：动态路由协议RIP与OSPF的配置学号： 姓名： 李新宇 班级： 电子信息类05班 一、实验目的1、熟悉CISCO IOS和CLI命令模式的使用；2、了解和掌握路由器基本配置命令的使用；3、掌握动态路由协议的配置；4、掌握VLAN中路由器的设置；RIP与OSPF路由协议及其配置。二、实验设备与环境Windows 2000 Server/Advance Server主机局域网、CISCO Catalyst 2950交换机和2600系列路由器，Cisco Pa

2、cket Tracer软件。三、实验内容3.1 课内实验任务（2）实验过程0）创建拓扑图1）采用配置PC1和PC2的IP地址和子网掩码。2）连接到路由器Router3，配置路由器的RIP，命令如下：RouterenableRouter#conf terminalRouter(config)#hostname R3R3(config)#interface FastEthernet 0/0R3(config-if)#ip address .1 R3(config-if)#no shutdownR3(config-if)#interface FastEthernet 0/1R3(config-if)

3、#ip address .1 R3(config-if)#no shutdownR3(config-if)#interface serial 0R3(config-if)#ip address .1 R3(config-if)#bandwidth 128 /设置链路带宽为128kbit/sR3(config-if)#clock rate 64000 /设置DCE设备的时钟速率R3(config-if)#no shutdownR3(config-if)#exit-设置路由器R3的RIP -R3(config)#router rip /设置RIPR3(config-router)#network

4、.0 /设置接口S0连接的网络地址R3(config-router)#network .0 /设置接口E0连接的网络地址R3(config-router)#network .0 /设置接口E1连接的网络地址R3(config-router)#endR3(config)#router rip/设置RIP/设置接口S0连接的网络地址/设置接口E0连接的网络地址/设置接口E1连接的网络地址R3(config-router)#endR3#%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console4）按照步骤（3）分别完成对路由器R1、R2、R4的接口配置。/

5、配置过程不再列出5）按照步骤（3）分别完成对路由器R1、R2、R4的RIP配置。R1(config)#router rip /设置路由器R1的RIPR1(config-router)#network .0R1(config-router)#endR1(config)#router rip /设置路由器R1的RIPR1(config-router)#endR1#%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console-设置路由器R2的RIP -R2(config)#router rip /设置路由器R2的RIPR2(config-router)#ne

6、twork .0R2(config-router)#endR2(config)#router rip /设置R2的RIPR2(config-router)#endR2#%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console-设置路由器R4的RIP-R4(config)#router rip /设置路由器R4的RIP R4(config-router)#network .0R4(config-router)#network R4(config-router)#endR4(config)#rout rip /设置R4的ripR4(config-rou

7、ter)#end6）连接到路由器R1中，通过命令“show ip route”显示R1的动态路由表，观察路由表项，当目标网络是192.168.1.0/24时，需要多少跳数（hops）？通过命令“show ip protocols” 查看每台路由器的协议。R1show ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGPD - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter areaN1 - OSPF NSSA external

8、type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGPi - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODRP - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is not setR 1

9、0.0.0.0/8 120/1 via 11.0.0.1, 00:00:20, FastEthernet0/011.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 11.0.0.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0R 12.0.0.0/8 120/1 via 11.0.0.1, 00:00:20, FastEthernet0/0R 192.168.1.0/24 120/2 via 11.0.0.1, 00:00:20, FastEthernet0/0答；有路由表可知，到达192.168.1.0需要两跳。显示协议如下R1show i

10、p protocolRouting Protocol is rip/协议是RIP协议Sending updates every 30 seconds, next due in 13 secondsInvalid after 180 seconds, hold down 180, flushed after 240Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not setIncoming update filter list for all interfaces is not setRedistributing: ripDefault ve

11、rsion control: send version 1, receive any versionInterface Send Recv Triggered RIP Key-chainFastEthernet0/0 1 2 1 Automatic network summarization is in effectMaximum path: 4Routing for Networks:Passive Interface(s):Routing Information Sources:Gateway Distance Last Update11.0.0.1 120 00:00:19Distanc

12、e: (default is 120)7）连接到R2、R3和R4，通过 “show ip route”和“show ip protocols” 命令查看每台路由器的路由表和协议。R2: R2的路由表：R2show ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGPD - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter areaN1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA exte

13、rnal type 2E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGPi - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODRP - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is not setR 10.0.0.0/8 120/1 via 12.0.0.

14、1, 00:00:19, FastEthernet0/0R 11.0.0.0/8 120/1 via 12.0.0.1, 00:00:19, FastEthernet0/012.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 12.0.0.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0R 192.168.1.0/24 120/2 via 12.0.0.1, 00:00:19, FastEthernet0/0/需要两跳R2所用协议：R2show ip protocolsRouting Protocol is ripSending update

15、s every 30 seconds, next due in 11 secondsInvalid after 180 seconds, hold down 180, flushed after 240Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not setIncoming update filter list for all interfaces is not setRedistributing: ripDefault version control: send version 1, receive any versionInterf

16、ace Send Recv Triggered RIP Key-chainFastEthernet0/0 1 2 1 Automatic network summarization is in effectMaximum path: 4Routing for Networks:Passive Interface(s):Routing Information Sources:Gateway Distance Last Update12.0.0.1 120 00:00:25Distance: (default is 120)R3： R3路由表：R3show ip routeCodes: C - c

17、onnected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGPD - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter areaN1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGPi - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia -

18、 IS-IS inter area* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODRP - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is not set10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 10.0.0.0 is directly connected, Serial0/011.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 11.0.0.0 is directly connected, FastEthern

19、et0/012.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 12.0.0.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1R 192.168.1.0/24 120/1 via 10.0.0.2, 00:00:09, Serial0/0/需要一跳R3协议：R3show ip protocolRouting Protocol is ripSending updates every 30 seconds, next due in 12 secondsInvalid after 180 seconds, hold down 180, flushe

20、d after 240Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not setIncoming update filter list for all interfaces is not setRedistributing: ripDefault version control: send version 1, receive any versionInterface Send Recv Triggered RIP Key-chainSerial0/0 1 2 1 FastEthernet0/0 1 2 1 FastEthernet0/1

21、 1 2 1 Automatic network summarization is in effectMaximum path: 4Routing for Networks:Passive Interface(s):Routing Information Sources:Gateway Distance Last Update10.0.0.2 120 00:00:14Distance: (default is 120)R4：R4路由表：R4show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile,

22、 B - BGPD - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter areaN1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGPi - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area* - candidate default, U - per-user

23、 static route, o - ODRP - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is not set10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 10.0.0.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0R 11.0.0.0/8 120/1 via 10.0.0.1, 00:00:03, Serial0/0R 12.0.0.0/8 120/1 via 10.0.0.1, 00:00:03, Serial0/0C 192.168.1.0/24 is directl

24、y connected, FastEthernet0/0R4协议：R4show ip protocolsRouting Protocol is ripSending updates every 30 seconds, next due in 1 secondsInvalid after 180 seconds, hold down 180, flushed after 240Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not setIncoming update filter list for all interfaces is not

25、setRedistributing: ripDefault version control: send version 1, receive any versionInterface Send Recv Triggered RIP Key-chainSerial0/0 1 2 1 FastEthernet0/0 1 2 1 Automatic network summarization is in effectMaximum path: 4Routing for Networks:Passive Interface(s):Routing Information Sources:Gateway

26、Distance Last Update10.0.0.1 120 00:00:24Distance: (default is 120)8）使用ping命令测试到路由器各接口的连通状态，以检测路由器的配置。用PC1测试与各个路由器接口的连接性：Pinging 11.0.0.1 with 32 bytes of data:Reply from 11.0.0.1: bytes=32 time=31ms TTL=254Reply from 11.0.0.1: bytes=32 time=31ms TTL=254Reply from 11.0.0.1: bytes=32 time=15ms TTL=25

27、4Reply from 11.0.0.1: bytes=32 time=31ms TTL=254Ping statistics for 11.0.0.1:Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:Minimum = 15ms, Maximum = 31ms, Average = 27ms/接通Pinging 12.0.0.2 with 32 bytes of data:Reply from 12.0.0.2: bytes=32 time=16

28、ms TTL=253Reply from 12.0.0.2: bytes=32 time=31ms TTL=253Reply from 12.0.0.2: bytes=32 time=31ms TTL=253Reply from 12.0.0.2: bytes=32 time=47ms TTL=253Ping statistics for 12.0.0.2:Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:Minimum = 16ms, Maximu

29、m = 47ms, Average = 31ms/接通Pinging 192.168.1.1 with 32 bytes of data:Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 time1ms TTL=255Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 time1ms TTL=255Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 time1ms TTL=255Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 time1ms TTL=255Ping statistics for 192.168.1.1:Packets

30、: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms/接通Pinging 10.0.0.2 with 32 bytes of data:Reply from 10.0.0.2: bytes=32 time1ms TTL=255Reply from 10.0.0.2: bytes=32 time1ms TTL=255Reply from 10.0.0.2: bytes=32 time

31、=15ms TTL=255Reply from 10.0.0.2: bytes=32 timeping 12.0.0.2Pinging 12.0.0.2 with 32 bytes of data:Reply from 12.0.0.2: bytes=32 time=15ms TTL=253Reply from 12.0.0.2: bytes=32 time=31ms TTL=253Reply from 12.0.0.2: bytes=32 time=31ms TTL=253Reply from 12.0.0.2: bytes=32 time=31ms TTL=253Ping statisti

32、cs for 12.0.0.2:Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:Minimum = 15ms, Maximum = 31ms, Average = 27msPc2与R2连接成功（3）实验小结RIP是一个距离矢量路由协议，非常简单，仅通过源节点与目的节点之间的路由器或路程段的数目（跳数）来决定发送数据包的最佳途径。由于RIP自身的一些限制，其允许的最大跳数为15，只适用于小型的网络。RIP有两种版本：RIPv1和RIPv2。前者不支持

33、VLSM，而后者支持。 2、路由器的OSPF协议配置(1)实验准备工作运用Cisco Packet Tracer软件设计如下网络拓扑图。不同型号的交换机配置命令不同，这里选择2600系列路由器的2621型号，交换机选择2900系列。IP地址、掩码和连接路由器的端口号如图所示。将网络拓扑图保存，并在Cisco Packet Tracer模拟器中打开该图（参考实验4的方法）。f0/0f0/0f0/0f0/1se0/0se0/0f0/0f0/1f0/3f0/2IP: .2/24IP: .1/24IP: .1/24IP: .2/24IP: .1/24IP: .2/24（2）实验过程1）使用上述的网络拓

34、扑图作为本实验所需的网络，配置PC的IP地址和子网掩码。/拓扑图如下2）连接到路由器Router3，配置路由器的OSPF，命令如下：RouterenableRouter#conf terminalRouter(config)#hostname R3R3(config)#interface FastEthernet 0/0R3(config-if)#ip address R3(config-if)#no shutdownR3(config-if)#interface FastEthernet 0/1R3(config-if)#ip address R3(config-if)#no shutdow

35、nR3(config-if)#interface serial 0R3(config-if)#ip address R3(config-if)#bandwidth 128 /设置链路带宽为128kbit/sR3(config-if)#clock rate 64000 /设置DCE设备的时钟速率R3(config-if)#no shutdownR3(config-if)#exit/启动进程号为10的单区域OSPF路由选择进程R3(config)#router ospf 10 /在接口S0启动OSPF，加入区域0R3(config-router)#network .0 0.0.0.255 area

36、 0 /通告直连网络/在接口F0/0启动OSPF，加入区域0R3(config-router)#network .0 0.0.0.255 area 0 /通告直连网络/在接口F0/1启动OSPF，加入区域0R3(config-router)#network .0 0.0.0.255 area 0 /通告直连网络R3(config-router)#exit R3(config)#router ospf 10/启动进程号为10的单区域OSPF路由选择进程R3(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0R3(config-router)#netw

37、ork 11.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0R3(config-router)#network 12.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0R3(config-router)#exitR3(config)#4）按照步骤（3）分别完成路由器R1、R2、R4的接口和OSPF配置。/在R1上启动进程号为10的单区域/OSPF路由选择进程R1(config)#router ospf 10 R1(config-router)#network .0 0.0.0.255 area 0 R1(config-router)#network 11.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0/

38、在R2上启动进程号为10的单区域OSPF路由选择进程 R2(config)#router ospf 10 R2(config-router)#network .0 0.0.0.255 area 0 R2(config)#router ospf 10R2(config-router)#network 11.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0R2(config-router)#exit/在R4上启动进程号为10的单区域OSPF路由选择进程 R4(config)#router ospf 10 R4(config-router)#network .0 0.0.0.255 area 0 R4(

39、config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Router(config)#router ospf 10/启动进程号为10的单区域OSPF路由选择进程Router(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0Router(config-router)#networ00:09:20: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 10, Nbr 12.0.0.1 on

40、 Serial0/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done% Incomplete command.Router(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0Router(config-router)#exit5）连接到路由器R1中，通过命令“show ip route”显示R1的动态路由表，观察路由表项，当目标网络是192.168.1.0/24时，度量值为多少？R1show ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M -

41、mobile, B - BGPD - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter areaN1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGPi - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area* - candidate default, U - p

42、er-user static route, o - ODRP - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is not set10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsO 10.0.0.0 110/65 via 11.0.0.1, 00:05:34, FastEthernet0/011.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 11.0.0.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/012.0.0.0/24 is subnetted,

43、1 subnetsO 12.0.0.0 110/2 via 11.0.0.1, 00:05:34, FastEthernet0/0O 192.168.1.0/24 110/66 via 11.0.0.1, 00:00:47, FastEthernet0/0答：度量值为666）连接到R2、R3和R4，查看每台路由器的路由表。R2：R2show ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGPD - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter areaN1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGPi - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area* - candidate default, U - per-user