模具设计与制造.docx

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1、1、外文原文Mold design and manufactureThe mold is the manufacturing industry important craft foundation, in our country, the mold manufacture belongs to the special purpose equipment manufacturing industry. China although very already starts to make the mold and the use mold, but long-term has not formed

2、 the industry. Straight stabs 0 centuries 80s later periods, the Chinese mold industry only then drives into the development speedway. Recent years, not only the state-owned mold enterprise had the very big development, the three investments enterprise, the villages and towns (individual) the mold e

3、nterprises development also quite rapid .Although the Chinese mold industrial development rapid, but compares with the demand, obviously falls short of demand, its main gap concentrates precisely to, large-scale, is complex, the long life mold domain. As a result of in aspect and so on mold precisio

4、n, life, manufacture cycle and productivity, China and the international average horizontal and the developed country still had a bigger disparity, therefore, needed massively to import the mold every year .The Chinese mold industry except must continue to sharpen the productivity, from now on will

5、have emphatically to the profession internal structure adjustment and the state-of-art enhancement. The structure adjustment aspect, mainly is the enterprise structure to the specialized adjustment, the product structure to center the upscale mold development, to the import and export structure impr

6、ovement, center the upscale automobile cover mold forming analysis and the structure improvement, the multi-purpose compound mold and the compound processing and the laser technology in the mold design manufacture application, the high-speed cutting, the superfinishing and polished the technology, t

7、he information direction develops .The recent years, the mold profession structure adjustment and the organizational reform step enlarges, mainly displayed in, large-scale, precise, was complex, the long life, center the upscale mold and the mold standard letter development speed is higher than the

8、common mold product; The plastic mold and the compression casting mold proportion increases; Specialized mold factory quantity and its productivity increase; The three investments1 and the private enterprise develops rapidly; The joint stock system transformation step speeds up and so on. Distribute

9、s from the area looked, take Zhujiang Delta and Yangtze River delta as central southeast coastal area development quickly to mid-west area, south development quickly to north. At present develops quickest, the mold produces the most centralized province is Guangdong and Zhejiang, places such as Jian

10、gsu, Shanghai, Anhui and Shandong also has a bigger development in recent years .Although our country mold total quantity had at present achieved the suitable scale, the mold level also has the very big enhancement, after but design manufacture horizontal overall rise and fall industry developed cou

11、ntry and so on Yu De, America, 含量不断提高，模具制造周期不断缩短，模具生产朝着信息化、无图化、精细化、 自动化的方向开展，模具企业向着技术集成化、设备精良化、产批品牌化、管理 信息化、经营国际化的方向开展。我国模具行业今后仍需提高的共性技术有：（1）建立在CAD/CAE平台上的先进模具设计技术，提高模具设计的现代化、 信息化、智能化、标准化水平。（2）建立在CAM/CAPP基础上的先进模具加工技术与先进制造技术相结合， 提高模具加工的自动化水平与生产效率。（3）模具生产企业的信息化管理技术。例如PDM （产品数据管理）、ERP （企 业资源管理）、MIS （模具

12、制造管理信息系统）及INTERMET平台等信息网络技术 的应用、推广及开展。（4）高速、高精、复合模具加工技术的研究与应用。例如超精冲压模具制 造技术、精密塑料和压铸模具制造技术等。（5）提高模具生产效率、降低本钱和缩短模具生产周期的各种快速经济模 具制造技术。（6）先进制造技术的应用。例如热流道技术、气辅技术、虚拟技术、纳米 技术、高速扫描技术、逆向工程、并行工程等技术在模具研究、开发、加工过程 中的应用（7）原材料在模具中成形的仿真技术。（8）先进的模具加工和专有设备的研究与开发。（9）模具及模具标准件、重要辅件的标准化技术。（10）模具及其制品的检测技术。（11）优质、新型模具材料的研究

13、与开发及其正确应用。（12）模具生产企业的现代化管理技术。模具行业在“十一五”期间需要解决的重点关键技术应是模具信息化、数字 化技术和精密、超精、高速、高效制造技术方面的突破。随着国民经济总量和工业产品技术的不断开展，各行各业对模具的需求量 越来越大，技术要求也越来越高。虽然模具种类繁多，但其开展重点应该是既能 满足大量需要，又有较高技术含量，特别是目前国内尚不能自给，需大量进口的 模具和能代表开展方向的大型、精密、复杂、长寿命模具。模具标准件的种类、 数量、水平、生产集中度等对整个模具行业的开展有重大影响。因此，一些重要 的模具标准件也必须重点开展，而且其开展速度应快于模具的开展速度，这样才

14、 能不断提高我国模具标准化水平，从而提高模具质量，缩短模具生产周期，降低 本钱。由于我国的模具产品在国际市场上占有较大的价格优势，因此对于出口前 景好的模具产品也应作为重点来开展。根据上述需要量大、技术含量高、代表发 展方向、出口前景好的原那么选择重点开展产品，而且所选产品必须目前已有一定 技术基础，属于有条件、有可能开展起来的产品。根据“十一五”模具行业开展规划，“十一五”期间模具产品开展重点主要 有如下几类：(1)汽车覆盖件模具冲压模具占模具总量的40%以上。汽车覆盖件模具主要为汽车配套，也包括 为农用车、工程机械和农机配套的覆盖件模具，它在冲压模具中具有很大的代表 性，模具大都是大中型，

15、结构复杂，技术要求高。尤其是为轿车配套的覆盖件模 具，要求更高，可以代表冲压模具的水平。此类模具我国已有一定的技术基础， 已为中档轿车配套，但水平还不高，能力缺乏，目前满足率只有一半左右。中高 档轿车覆盖件模具主要依靠进口，已成为汽车开展的瓶颈，极大的影响着车型开 发。(2)精密冲压模具多工位级进模和精冲模代表了冲压模具的开展方向，精度要求寿命要求极 高，主要为电子工业、汽车、仪器仪表、电机电器等配套。这两种模具，国内已 有相当基础，并已引进了国外技术及设备，个别企业生产的产品已到达世界水平, 但大局部企业仍有较大差距，供应总量缺乏，进口很多。(3)大型精密塑料模具塑料模具占模具总量近40%,

16、而且这个比例还在上升。塑料模具中为汽车和 家电配套的大型注塑模具，为集成电路配套的塑封模，为电子信息产业和机械及 包装配套的多层、多腔、多材质、多色精密注塑模，为新型建材及节水农业配套 的塑料异型材挤出模及管路和喷头模具等，目前虽然已有相当技术基础并正在快 速开展，但技术水平与国外仍有较大差距，总量供不应求，每年的进口额达几亿 美元。（4）主要模具标准件目前国内已有较大产量的模具标准件主要是模架、导向件、推杆推管、弹性 元件等。这些产品不但国内配套大量需要，出口前景也很好，应继续大力开展。 氮气缸和热流道元件主要依靠进口，应在现有基础上提高水平，形成标准并组织 规模化生产。（5）其他高技术含量

17、的模具占模具总量给8%的压铸模具中，大型薄壁精密压铸技术含量高，难度大。 镁合金压铸模具目前虽然刚起步，但开展前景好，有代表性。子午线橡胶轮胎模 具也是开展方向，其中活络模技术难度最大。与快速成型技术相结合的一些快速 制模技术及相应的快速经济模具具有很好的开展前景。这些高技术含量的模具在 “十一五”期间也应重点开展。date, France, Italy many. The current existence question and the disparity mainly display in following several aspects:(1) The total quantity

18、 falls short of demandDomestic mold assembling oneself rate only ,about 70%. Low-grade mold , center upscale mold assembling oneself rate only has 50% about.(2) The enterprise organizational structure, the product structure, the technical structure and the import and export structure does not gather

19、lin our country mold production factory to be most is from the labor mold workshop which produces assembles oneself (branch factory), from produces assembles oneself the proportion to reach as high as about 60%, but the overseas mold ultra 70% is the commodity mold. The specialized mold factory most

20、ly is nlarge and complete, small and entire* organization form, but overseas mostly is small but, “is specially small and fine”. Domestic large-scale, precise, complex, the long life mold accounts for the total quantity proportion to be insufficient 30%, but overseas in 50% above 2004 years, ratio o

21、f the mold import and export is 3.7:1, the import and export balances the after net import volume to amount to 1.32 billion US dollars, is world mold net import quantity biggest country .(3) The mold product level greatly is lower than the international standardThe production cycle actually is highe

22、r than the international water broad product level low mainly to display in the mold precision, cavity aspect and so on surface roughness, life and structure .(4) Develops the ability badly, economic efficiency unsatisfactory our country mold enterprise technical personnel proportion lowThe level is

23、 lower, also does not take the product development, frequently is in the passive position in the market. Our country each mold staff average year creation output value approximately ,ten thousand US dollars, overseas mold industry developed country mostly 15 to 10,000 US dollars, some reach as high

24、as 25 to 10,000 US dollars, relative is our country quite part of molds enterprises also continues to use the workshop type management with it, truly realizes the enterprise which the modernized enterprise manages fewTo create the above disparity the reason to be very many, the mold long-term has no

25、t obtained the value besides the history in as the product which should have, as well as the most state-owned enterprises mechanism cannot adapt the market economy, but also has the following several reasons:.(1) Country to mold industry policy support dynamics also insufficientlyAlthough the countr

26、y already was clear about has promulgated the mold profession industrial policy, but necessary policy few, carried out dynamics to be weak. At present enjoyed the mold product increment duty enterprise nation 185, the majority enterprise still the tax burden is only overweight. The mold enterprise c

27、arries on the technological transformations introduction equipment to have to pay the considerable amount the tax money, affects the technology advancement, moreover privately operated enterprise loan extremely difficult.(2) Talented person serious insufficient, the scientific research development a

28、nd the technical attack investment too urineMold profession is the technology, the fund, the work crowded industry, along with the time progress and the technical development, grasps the talented person which and skilled utilizes the new technology exceptionally short, the high-quality mold fitter a

29、nd the enterprise management talent extremely is also anxious. Because the mold enterprise benefit unsatisfactory and takes insufficiently the scientific research development and the technical attack, the scientific research unit and the universities, colleges and institutes eye stares at is creatin

30、g income, causes the mold profession invests too few in the scientific research development and the technical attack aspect, causes the mold technological development step not to be big, progresses not quick.(3) The craft equipment level to be low, also necessary is not good, the use factor lowrecen

31、t years our country engine bed profession progressed quickly, has been able to provide the quite complete precision work equipment, but compared with the overseas equipment, still had a bigger disparity. Although the domestic many enterprises have introduced many overseas advanced equipment, but the

32、 overall equipment level low are very more than the overseas many enterprises. As a result of aspect the and so on system and fund reason, introduces the equipment not not necessary, the equipment and the appendix not necessary phenomenon are extremely common, the equipment utilization rate low ques

33、tion cannot obtain the comparatively properly solution for a long time .(4) Specialization, standardization, commercialized degree low, the cooperation abilityBecause receives nlarge and complete11 small and entire the influence since long ago, mold specialization level low, the specialized labor di

34、vision is not careful, the commercialized degree is low. At present domestic every year produces mold, commodity mold minister 40% About, other for from produce uses for oneself. Between the mold enterprise cooperates impeded, completes the comparatively large-scale mold complete task with difficult

35、y. Mold standardization level low, mold standard letter use cave rare is low also to the mold quality, the cost has a more tremendous influence, specially has very tremendous influence .(5) To the mold manufacture cycle) the mold material and the mold correlation technology fallsThe mold material pe

36、rformance, the quality and the variety question often can affect the mold quality, the life and the cost, the domestically produced molding tool steel and overseas imports the steel products to compare has a bigger disparity. Plastic, plate, equipment energy balance, also direct influence mold level

37、 enhancement.At present, our country economy still was at the high speed development phase, on the international economical globalization development tendency is day by day obvious, this has provided the good condition and the opportunity for the our country mold industry high speed development. On

38、the one hand, the domestic mold market will continue high speed to develop, on the other hand, the mold manufacture also gradually will shift as well as the transnational group to our country carries on the mold purchase trend to our country extremely to be also obvious. Therefore, will take a broad

39、 view the future, international, the domestic mold market overall development tendency prospect will favor, estimated the Chinese mold will obtain the high speed development under the good market environment, our country not only can become the mold great nation, moreover certainly gradually will ma

40、ke the powerful nation to the mold the ranks to make great strides forward. 15 period, the Chinese mold industry level not only has the very big enhancement in the quantity and the archery target aspect, moreover the profession structure, the product level, the development innovation ability, enterp

41、rises system and the mechanism as well as the technology advancement aspect also can obtain a bigger development.The mold technology has gathered the machinery, the electron, chemistry, optics, the material, the computer, the precise monitor and the information network and so on many disciplines, is

42、 a comprehensive nature multi-disciplinary systems engineering. The mold technology development tendency mainly is the mold product to larger-scale, preciser, more complex and a more economical direction develops, the mold product technical content unceasingly enhances, the mold manufacture cycle un

43、ceasingly reduces, the mold production faces the information, is not having the chart, is fine, the automated direction develops, the mold enterprise to the technical integration, the equipment excellent, is producing approves the brand, the management information, the management internationalizatio

44、n direction develops. Our country mold profession still will have to enhance from now on the general character technology had :(1) To establish in the CAD/CAE platform the advanced mold design technology, enhances modernization which the mold designed, information, intellectualization, standardized

45、level.(2) Establishes in the CAM/CAPP foundation the advanced mold processing technology and the advanced manufacture technology unifies, raises the automated level and the production efficiency which the mold processes .(3) The mold production enterprises information management technology. For exam

46、ple PDM (product data management), ERP (enterprise resource management), MIS (mold manufacture management information system) and information network technology the and so on INTERMET platform application, the promotion and the development.(4) Are high speed, Gao Jing, the compound mold processing t

47、echnology research and the application. For example the ultra fine ramming mold manufacture technology, the precise plastic and the compression casting mold manufacture technology and so on .(5) Enhances the mold production efficiency, reduces the cost and reduces the mold production cycle each kind

48、 of fast economical mold manufacture technology .(6) The advanced manufacture technology application. For example hot technology and so on flow channel technology, gas auxiliary technology, hypothesized technology, nanotechnology, rapid scanning technology, reversion project, parallel project in the

49、 mold research, the development, the processing process application .(7) The raw material the simulation technology which forms in the mold .(8) The advanced mold processing and the appropriation equipment research and the development.(9) The mold and the mold standard letter, the important auxiliary standardized technology .(10) The mold and its the product examination technology.(11) High quality, the new mold material research and the development and its