八年级英语上册Unit4OurWorld知识点新版仁爱版.docx

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1、Unit 4 Our World Topic 1 Plants and animals are important to us.I .词性变化important (adj. ) 一一 importance(n.) danger(n.)一dangerous(adj.)beautiful (adj.)beauty ( n.) sheepsheep (pl.)thinthick / fat (反义词)wood(木材)woods (树木，森林)H.重点词组think about 思考1. enjoy the beauty of nature欣赏自然美景the life in the countrysi

2、de乡村生活2. much/ a little /a lot/even/a bit/far/still smaller 更小得多/一点儿(表程度)而 very/so/quite/as-*as/more /too 后力口原级3. give us happiness 给我们幸福talk about the photos 谈论照片4. share the same world with them与他们提供同一个世界be important to 对重要5. keep a pet dog养宠物狗sing to us对我们唱歌sing for us为我们唱歌6. feed (fed) on 以为食eg:

3、 Horse feed on grass. We live on rice. (讲人时用 live on)7. help to make the air fresher帮助使得空气更新鲜control (controlled) the climate调节气候8. become smaller and smaller变得越来越小. the importance of 的重要性9. in fact 实际上coverwith.用覆盖10. thousands of 几千 hundreds of 几百five hundred/ thousand trees五百/千棵树11. living things

4、 生物less and less land to live on越来越少可生存的陆地fewer and fewer books越来越少的书12. in danger处于危险中in the south of China = in South China 华南13. kill them for their fur and bones为了它们的皮毛与骨头而捕杀它们in the ocean 在大洋14. as we know 据我们所知live a better / happy life过着更好/幸福的生活15. run (ran) after 追逐/追赶on the earth=on Earth 在

5、地球上on earth究竟(用于问句中，强调)29. in the sky 在空中in / on the river 在河里/在水面上HI .重点句型1. Which do you like better, animals or plants ?动物和植物，你更喜欢哪个？I like plants better.我更喜欢植物.Which do you like best, Chinese, math or English ?语数英，你最喜欢哪科？ I like English best. 我 最喜欢英语.2. Roses are the most beautiful of all the fl

6、owers. 玫瑰是所有花中最漂亮=Roses are more beautiful than the other flowers.=Roses are more beautiful than any other flower.(单数)Rainforests cover 6%(6 percent) of the earth s surface. 雨林覆盖着地球百分之六的面积.3. They provide places to live for thousands of plants and animals found nowhere else on Earth.他们为成千上万的动植物提供生存场

7、所,它们是在地球上其他地方找不到.Many of them live in the trees over (more than)30 meters from the ground.许多动物生活在离地面30多米高的树上.6. Rainforests play an important part in controlling the climate.雨林在调节气候方面起着重要的作用.7. Without rainforests, many beautiful plants and animals would die out.没有雨林许多美丽的动植物都将灭绝.8. Water is importan

8、t to all living things. 水对所有生物都重要.9. Water is necessary for all plants.水对所有植物都必要.10. They are the oldest type of tigers living in the world. 它们是世界上最古老的虎种What should we do to protect them?我们该做什么来保护他们?11. Pandas are becoming fewer and fewer in number.熊猫在数量上变得越来越少.The number of the pandas is becoming s

9、maller and smaller.熊猫的数量上变得越来越少.13.We must save every drop of water。我们必须节约每一滴水,14. The air in the countryside isfresher than that in the city.乡村的空气比城里的空气新鲜.IV. Grammar一形容词的比拟级和最高级L定义：形容词比拟级：当我们对两个事物作比拟时，其中一个“更”的时候，我们就用比较级。最高级：我们对三个或三个以上的事物作比拟时，其中一个“最”的时候我们用最高级。2.变化规那么：(1)规那么变化：A.大多数单音节形容词的比拟级和最高级是在其

10、原级后面加上-er和-est ：smallsmallersmallestB.许多单音节形容词只有一个元音字母，其末尾为一辅音字母，且是重读闭音节。在比拟级和最高级形式中，这个辅音字母要双写：bigbiggerbiggestC.许多单音节形容词以-e结尾，如nice。这些形容词只需在原级形式后加r和-st：largelargerlargest nicenicer nicestD.形容词以辅音字母+y结尾，变为比拟级和最高级时，-去y改-i加-er和-est：easyeasiereasiest heavy heavier heaviestE.局部双音节和多音节的形容词(可与more连用构成其比拟级

11、形式，与most连用构成其最高级形式。beautiful 一more beautiful - most beautiful(2)不规那么变化：有少数形容词的比拟级和最高级是不规那么的，必须熟记，如：good/ wellbetterbest much/ many一more一most little一less一least old一older / elder一oldest /eldest bad (ill) /badlyworse worstfar一farther/further一farthest/furthest3 .用法比拟级用法：(I) be+比拟级+than结构可以表示一方超过或不如另一方的情

12、况。He is taller than I.他比我高。形容词比拟级之所指如果很清楚，它也可独立存在：This coat is longer.这件外衣较长。(2)比拟级前面不能用very, so, too, quite等作修饰词，但为了表示比拟级的程度，可以用much, a lot, a little, a bit, even, still 等作修饰词。例如：This box is much heavier than that one.这只箱子比那只箱子重得多。（3） 比拟级+ and+比拟级结构，意为越来越。例如：The weather is getting warmer and warmer

13、.天气越来越暖和了。Our city becomes more and more beautiful.* （4） the+比拟级（主语+谓语），the+比拟级（主语+谓语）结构,意为越,越。例如：The busier he is, the happier he feels.他越忙，越高兴。* （5）当比拟双方只出现一方（没有than及其后面的局部），且句中含有of the two时，比拟级前要加the。 例如：He is the taller of the two boys.他是两个男孩中较高的一个。（6）从范围上看，如果在同一范围内，形容词的比拟级必须把自己排除掉，即自己不能与自己相比，而最

14、高级必 须包含自己。例如：他比他班的任何一个学生都高。误：He is taller than any student in his class, （he 包括在 any student 里面）正：He is taller than any other student/ the other students in his class, （any otherstudent 里面已排除了 he）二He is the tallest student in his class.注意：如果不在同一范围内，比拟级就不必把前面的主语排除掉。例如：Shanghai is larger than any city

15、 in Australia.上海比澳大利亚任何城市都大。（上海不属于澳大利亚，所以city 前不必加other）试比拟：Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.上海比中国任何一座城市都大。最高级用法：（1）.最高级用于三者或三者以上的人或事物之间的比拟，表示在众多人或事物中，其中一个最。例如：That girl is the tallest student in our class. 那位姑娘是班上个子最高的学生。The red sweater is the cheapest of all the sweaters,在所有的毛衣中，那件红

16、毛衣最廉价。.形容词的最高级在使用时必须加定冠词the,并常伴有一个表示范围的介词（in,of,among）短语或从句.of短语所指的范围通常是一群人或一些事物，而不是一个场所；如果指一个场所，那么用介词in。例 He is the strongest of the three.他是三个人中身体最强壮的。He is the strongest in our class.他是我们班里身体最强壮的。当形容词最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等限定词修饰时，最高级前不加the。如：The Chang jiang River is the longest river in China长江是中国第

17、一大7可。He is our best teacher,他是我们最好的老师。(4)而形容词的最高级假设在句中作表语，且又不与其它事物作比拟时，前面不加the。例如:We are busiest on Monday.我们星期一最忙。(5) one of+最高级+名词复数，意思是“最 之一。 如：He is one of the tallest boys in our class.他在我们班是最高的男孩之一。(6)序数词可以修饰形容词的最高级。如：The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河在中国是第二长河。Unit4 Topic

18、2 How can we protect ourselves from the earthquake?重点词组 fall down 倒塌another two terrible earthquakes还有两个严重的地震another +大于1的数词.+可数名词复数二大于1的数词+ more +可数名词复数lose one s life 失去某人的生命protect sb. from sth. / doing sth保护。免受。的伤害ways to do sth.做某事的方法the missing people 失踪人口ask sb. for help 向某人求助the number of 。的

19、数量a number of 许多9. hear about 听说a level 7. 1 earthquake 一场 7.1 级的地震10. hurt more people使更多的人受伤lose one s home失去某人的家园11. get the news得到这条消息run out of the door 跑出门12. stay calm 保持镇定the level of the earthquake 地震的等级13. forest fire 森林大火take a lift 乘坐电梯14. keep you safe 保证你的平安in the middle of a room 在房间的

20、中间15. close to 靠近remember to do sth记得去做某事16. stay / keep away from 远离try to do sth尽力去做某事17. get away from 远离be careful of fallen power lines 小心掉下来的电线18. feel afraid 感到害怕move around 四处走动19. call sb. for help 打 求助turn off/on the gas 关掉/翻开煤气20. jump off a window 从窗口跳出去cover your face 遮住你的脸21. with the

21、help of the whole nation 在全国人民的帮助下return to normal life 回到正常的生活22. be able to do能做某事start one s life over again 再次开始生活23. send the army to help 派遣部队去帮助go downstairs 下楼24. sth happen to sb. 某人发生了某事二.重点句子。1. A terrible earthquake struck Qinghai. 一场严重的地震袭击了青海Some people died and many people are missing

22、. 些人死了,彳艮多人失踪1.1 m very sorry to hear that.听到那个消息我很难过How can we protect ourselves from the earthquake.我们怎样能保护我们自己免受地震的危害?4. I think the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 was more serious than this one, but the Tangshan earthquake in 1976 was the most serious.我认为2008年的汶川地震比这次更严重，但是1976年的唐山地震是最严重的。5. It kil

23、led more than two thousand people and hurt more.它杀死了两千多人并且使更多人受伤。6. Running out of the door can be dangerous.跑出门是很危险的Remember, the most important thing is to stay calm,记住最重要的事情是保持镇定7. Knowing some ways to protect yourself will help to keep you safe in the earthquake.知道一些保护你自己的方法将在地震中帮助保证你的平安Remember

24、 to protect your head and neck with your arms.记住用你的胳膊保护你的头和脖子。8. Here is the news from Wenchuan in Sichuan Province.这是一条来自四川汶川的新闻At 2:28 in the afternoon, on May 12,2008, a terrible earthquake happened here. 在2008年5月12号下午2点28分，一场严重的地震在这里发生With the help of the whole nation, people in Wenchuan are reb

25、uilding their homes now and they are returning to normal life,在全国人名的帮助下，汶川人民正在重建他们的家园并且他们正回到正常的生活中。 三.重点语法1 .形容词比拟级和最高级。多音节和局部双音节在词前加more或most e.g. (1) The telephone is useful. The mobile phone is more useful than the telephone.The computer is the most useful of the three.(2) English is important. M

26、ath is more important than English. Chinese is the most important of the three.2.the number of 和 a number of 的区别The number of the students in our class is 50. 我们班学生的总数是 50 人。A number of the students are playing sports on the playground.许多学生正在操场上做运动。Unit4 Topic3 The Internet makes the world smaller.重

27、要词组do some shopping 购物1. a little +比拟级 有点and so on 等等2. chat with sb.与聊天face to face 面对面3. find out the information online上线查找信息five minutes later (adv.) 五分钟后4. each other 互相come into being 形成5. in the 1960s 在 20 世纪 60 年代make sth. into use投入使用6. through the Internet 通过互联网look like 看起来像7. putinto 把 放

28、进make sth. adj. 使某物8. F m not sure if/whether+句子我不确定是否I m (quiet) sure (that) + 句子我相当确信9. all kinds of各种各样的share sth. with sb.与某人提供某物10. help (to) do sth.帮助做某事not all 并非所有11. hurt others 伤害别人try to do 尽力做某事12. spend-. . on sth. / (in) doing 花做某事for the better向着较好的情况转变13. at the same time 同时some advi

29、ce about 一些关于的建议14. changeinto 把变成It? s adj. (for sb.) to do sth. 做某事对某人来说还15. look sth. up in a dictionary 在字典里查找be different from 与不同16. go to sp. for holidays去某处度假二、重点句子1. The Internet makes the world smaller.互联网让世界变得更小。2.I m sure the Internet will become more and more important to us,我确信互联网将对我们越

30、来越重要。3. Guess what! 你猜怎么着！4.1 m not sure if that is a good idea.我不确定它是否是个好主意。5.1 m quite sure no scientist is going to put a computer into my head!我很确定没有科学家要将一个电脑放进我的大脑。Everyone can post information, and not all of it is true.人人都可以在网上发布信息，并非所有信息都是真实可靠的。重要语法：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语是补充宾语的成分，通常置于宾语之后。宾语和宾语

31、补足语共同构成复合宾语。可以作宾语补足语的有 名词短语、形容词短语、介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语等。1 .名词短语作宾语补足语。如：He called it Mickey Mouse. 他把它叫做米老鼠。We are making our school a beautiful garden.我们正努力使校园变成一个美丽的花园。2 .形容词短语作宾语补足语。如：The Internet makes the world smaller.互联网使世界变得小了。The news made her sad. 这消息使她感到悲伤。3 .副词短语作宾语补足语。如：Put them away, please

32、.请把它们收起来。Don t leave with lights on. 离开时请关灯。4,介词短语作宾语补足语。如：She found the dog under the table.她发现狗在桌子下面。5 .不定式短语作宾语补足语。如：She wants you to call her back soon.她想让你马上回 。I tell you not to do so.我告诉你别这么做。注：有些动词如feel, see, hear, watch, make, let, have等用不带to的不定式或不定式短语作宾语补足语。如:A special language makes computers talk with each other. 一种专门的语言使电脑之间能互相通话。6 .分词短语作宾语补足语。如：I heard someone crying.我听到有人哭了。I found all the windows broken.我发现所有的窗户都破了。会员升级服务第一拨清北季