高考英语二轮复习语法突破.docx

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1、精品基础教育教学资料，需要可下载使用！高考英语二轮复习语法突破一 .概念:代词是代替名词的词二 .类别及用法：1.人称代词人称代词可以指人，也可以指物，有人称、数和格的变化；其中主格做主语，宾格作宾语、表 语或同位语。人称代词单数复数我你他她它我们你们他们主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem2. 形容词性物主代词：置一于名词之前，作定语，表示所属关系。物主代词名词性物主代词：相当于形物代+名词物主代词我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他们的形物代myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名物代mineyourshishersit

2、soursyourstheirs3.反身代词：反身代词在句子中常做宾语表语同位语，不可单独做主语。反身代词的人称和数必须与所指代的名词或代词一致。构成句法功能用法the+名词+of+关系代词 (whom/which)主语可转化为“whose+名词”结构数词（形容词最高级）+of+关 系代词主语数词还可以用some, many, most, each等不定代词替换介词（短语）+关系代词状语关系代词只能用which或whom 且不能省略，但可与关系副词互 换介词+关系代词+名词状语关系代词常用which和whose介词+关系副词状语有时为了表达清楚，还可以在关 系副词where/when前加介词f

3、rom或to例：Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of which has been proved.科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。Many young people, most of whom were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求他们的梦想，他们中大局部都受过良好的教育。The newly-built ca

4、fe, the walls of which( = whose walls) are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work.这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦 工作后。He may win the competition, in which case he is likely to get into the national team.他可能会赢得这场比赛，如果这样的话他就可能进入国家队。答题技巧点拨“缺什么，补什么”，

5、准确选用关系词.如果先行词指人，定语从句中缺少主语，限制性定语从句中用who/that；非限制性定语从句中用 whoo1 .如果先行词指人，定语从句中缺少宾语，限制性定语从句中用who/that/whom；非限制性定语从 句中用whom。2 .如果先行词指物，定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，限制性定语从句中用which/that；非限制性定语 从句中用which o.如果先行词指时间或地点，定语从句中缺少时间状语或地点状语，定语从句中用when/where;如goodbetterbestwell （健康的）worseworstbadill （有病的）oldolder/elderoldest/elde

6、stmuch/manymoremostlittleJessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest2 .用法（1）原级as+形容词或副词原级+as否认形式：not as/so. asHe cannot run so/as fast as you.他没你跑得快。注意：asas中间有名词时采用以下格式：as +形容词+ a/an +单数名词；as + many/much+名词This is as good an example as the other is.这个例子和另外一个一样好。I can carry as much paper ras you can

7、.你能搬多少纸，我也能。（2）比拟级The students study even harder than before. （标志词 than）He feels better after the operation” （语境）可修饰比拟级的词a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots,a great deal, any, still, even 等。含比拟级的固定句型（注意the在比拟级中的使用）：the+比拟级,the+比拟级越，越”The higher you stand, the further you wi

8、ll see. 比拟级+ and +比拟级越来越I believe your English will become better and better.the+比拟级+ of the two +名词“两个中较的”I like the bigger one of the two pandas.注意:(易错点)(1)比拟级不可以重叠less colder less Gbld(2)比拟的对象要对等The weather of China is more comfortable than Canada. 一/The weather of China is more comfortable than

9、the weather of Canada.The weather of China is more comfortable than that of Canada.补充：1)倍数表达法：times as +原级+ as. times + 比拟级 + thantimes + the +名词 +of(3)最高级the+最高级+比拟范围以下词可修饰最高级，by far, far, much, mostly, almostEg. The bridge is by far the longest across the river.注意：1)形容词most前面没有the,不表示最高级的含义，只表示“非常

10、”。It is a most important problem.2)序数词通常只修饰最高级。例如：Africa is the second largest continent.非洲是第二大洲。3)最高级的意义有时可以用比拟级表示出来。例如：Mike is the most intelligent in his class.马克是班上最聪明的。Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.4) “否认词语+比拟级”，也表示最高级含义。1 have never spent a more exciting day.Not

11、hing is easier than this.三、辨析问题-ed,感到-ing,令人(2)-ly结尾的形容词friendly, deadly, lovely, lonely, likely, lively, ugly, brotherlyEg. He spoke to me in a very friendly (friend) way.ly结尾既为形容词也为副词,如daily, weekly, monthly, yearly, early等。The Times is a weekly paper.The Times is published weekly.(4)兼有两种形式的副词1) c

12、lose近、closely”仔细地，紧密地”He is sitting close to me. Watch him closely.2) late”晚“、lately”最近“You have come too late. What have you been doing lately?3) deep深“，表示空间深度、deeply“深深地”，表示感情上的深度He pushed the stick deep into the mud.Even father was deeply moved by the film.4) high表示空间高度、highly表示程度，相当于muchThe plan

13、e was flying high. I think highly of your opinion.5) wide表示空间宽度、widely”广泛地”English is widely used in the world.6) free免费、freely”无限制地”You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.You may speak freely; say what you like.注意：the+adj.表示一类人,作主语时谓语动词用复数,如the blind, the hungry等。四.词性转换形容词变副词规那么：1 . 一般

14、情况在词尾加ly;quick,polite,immediate玲 quickly, politely, immediately2 .一辅音字母加y结尾的，变y为i,再加ly;happy, easy, hungry玲 happily, easily, hungrily.以一Ie结尾的词去e加y;simple, probable 玲simply,probably.以一1结尾的词加ly;careful, realcarefully,really.以一II结尾的词加y;full 玲 fully.以一ic结尾的词加ally;basic, automatic, energetic玲basicallyaut

15、omatically, energetically.以一ue结尾的词去e加y;true 玲 truly高考真题再现单句语法填空(形容词和副词)11. 1. The girl used to be shy,but is (gradual) getting active in group work and is more willin g to express herself.12. asketball coaches waste no time in searching for (promise) young players for better performances in the comi

16、ng season.13. For most chefs,there is no(big) honor than having your restaurant awarded a Michelin StarJet along three.14. Little children ask(end) questions because they are curious about everything.4. Seeing the coach nodding( encouraging) to her, the little dancer was no more nervou s and went on

17、 with her performance.5. The Chinese are(annoy) this morning as President Trump has indicated he is looking at impos ing (addition) tariffs(关税)on Chinese goods.6. Besides being helpful to smart-phone users,the app has emerged as a (hand) tool to solve the last-mile delivery challenge for e-commerce

18、companies.7. In times of economic crisis, though they have confidence in their investments, many investors are more( caution)about their investment strategies.8. Face to-face conversations are(benefit) to the promotion of understanding, which is why communication matters.9. Those who are(deliberate)

19、 late to create impression cannot be forgiven.10. Chinese people are becoming(rich) and more international.11. Della failed her interview and was(consequent) unable to work in that company.12. The Story of My Life by Helen Keller is(influential)book in my life.13. Many people equal happiness with we

20、alth and success.So they chase them without noticing that the people who have those things arent(necessary)happier.II,单句改错(形容词和副词)The island is equal attractive in spring and autumn because of the pleasant weather in both seasons.1. Tiring and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach t

21、he top of Mount Tai.2. If we leave right away,hopeful well arrive on time.3. Ales and Andy performed skillful and they won the first prize.4. Im sure that your letter will get immediately attention. They know youre waiting for the reply.5. Frank put the medicine in a top drawer to make sure it would

22、 not be access to the kids.6. Im not surprising that he became a writer. Even as a child he had a vivid imagination.7. John is very reliably-if he promises to do something, hell do it.8. Computers and mobile phones ,though they are indeed making our life easily and more efficient, have reduced the n

23、eed for face-to-face communication.9. This is by far the more inspiring movie that I have ever seen.10. Physics is my most favourite subject.11. The harder you work,the lucky you will be.12. The Forbidden City attracts a constantly stream of visitors every day, especially duringnational holidays.14.

24、1 write to my mother every week, most on Sundays.15.1 have seldom seen my father as pleasing as he is today.III.短文语法填空（形容词和副词）Attention, ladies and gentlemen! Because of the(l)( worse) weather, the game has been cancel ed. Please start making your way towards the exits. Be very (2)(careful), because

25、 the stairs may be (3)(slip)from the rain. If you have small children, be sure they are safe and dont get(4)(lose) in the crowd. Workers will be standing at all exits to help(5)r needs help. Since there is a lotit is suggested thatit is suggested thatof lightening from the storm,you should keep away

26、 from metal things as much as (6)(possibility), or you might get hurt. Do assistants will help direct traffic. Please be(8)(patience), as getting out of the parking lotwill tak e some time and everyone will have to drive(9)(slow) in this weather. As for the game, it will be rescheduled for tomorrow

27、.evening at the same time, depending on the weather. Please check our onlin e sports channel for the(10)(late) news. Thank you for coming out in this weather, and we are s orry that the game could not be played.nt beafraid, but move out of the stadium in an(order) manner. ParkingI单句语法填空（形容词和副词）答案:1.

28、 gradually 2. promising 3. bigger 4. endless 5. encouragingly 6. annoyed7. handy 8. cautious 9. beneficial 10. deliberately 11. richer 12. consequently13. the most influential 14. necessarilyII,单句改错（形容词和副词）答案:1. equally 2. tired 3. hopefully 4. skillfully 5. immediate 6. accessible 7. surprised 8. r

29、eliable 9. easier 10. most 11（most）去掉 12. luckier 13. constant 14. mostly , 15. pleasedIII.短文语法填空（形容词和副词）答案:1. bad 2. careful 3. slippery 4. lost 5. whoever 6. possible 7. orderly8. patient 9. slowly 10. latest精品基础教育教学资料，需要可下载使用！考点一 if条件句中的虚拟语气虚拟语气主句谓语动词从句谓语动词虚拟现在should/would/ could/might+do过去式（be用w

30、ere）虚拟过去should/would/could/ might+have donehad+过去分词虚拟将来should/would/ could/might+do过去式/were to do/should+do例： They might have found a better hotel if they had driven a few more kilometers.如果他们多开几公里的话，他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。We would be back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map.如果你没有把地图丢了的话，我们现在就回到旅馆了。G

31、race doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she were to live there, she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often.格蕾丝不想搬到纽约，因为她认为如果住在那里，她就不能经常看到她的父母了。注意：如果在表示虚拟语气的if条件句中含有were, had或should,可将if省略，然后将were, had 或should移至主语之前。Were it not for the support of the teachers, the student co

32、uld not overcome her difficulty.如果没有老师的帮助，这个学生克服不了她的困难。如果主句和从句是对不同时间的事实的虚拟，那么被称为错综虚拟语气。此时主句常有明显的时 间状语。Maybe if I had studied science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.也许如果当时我学的是理科而不是文科，那么我现在就可以给你更多的帮助了。考点二含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气有时假设的条件不通过条件状语从句表达出来，而是隐含在某些词或短语中，或隐含在上下文中， 这叫含蓄虚拟语气。常

33、用的这类词或短语有：without（要是）没有；but for要不是；otherwise/or否那么 等。例： 一Do you have Bettys phone number?你有贝蒂的 号码吗？一Yes. Otherwise, I wouldnt have been able to reach her yesterday.是的，不然我昨天就不可能联系上她了。Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around but for Thomas Edison.要不是托马斯爱迪生，我们现在从中获益的很多东西就不会存在。考点三虚拟语气在

34、从句中的运用一、在名词性从句中的运用1 .在表示要求、命令、建议、请求等动词后接的宾语从句中，以及这些动词的名词后接的同位 语或表语从句中，谓语动词用“(should + )动词原形”。常见的此类动词：一坚持(insist)、二命令(order, command) 三要求(require, demand, request) 四建议(suggest, advise, propose, recommend)o例：She suggested that Dale join the debating team, believing that practice in speaking could give

35、 him the confidence and recognition that he needed.她建议戴尔参加辩论队，她认为辩论队里的演讲练习会给予他所需要的信心和认可。My suggestion was that necessary measures (should) be taken to protect the children from dangerous situations.我的建议是采取必要措施来保护孩子们远离危险的境遇。注意：当suggest作“暗示，说明“，insist作“坚持认为”讲时，从句要用陈述语气。例： His silence suggested that he

36、 agreed with my decision.他的沉默说明他同意我的决定。He insisted that he hadnt stolen the money. 他坚持说他没有偷过钱。2 .在“It is/was+a切./done+that”句型中，从句中的谓语动词用”(should + )动词原形”。常见的形 容词或过去分词有 important, necessary, strange, suggested, ordered, advised, requested, demanded 等。彳列：It is necessary that we (should) clean the room

37、 every day.我们每天清扫房间是有必要的。It is required that middle school _students (should) take at least one hour exercise every day.中学生被要求每天至少进行一个小时的锻炼。3 . wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气:情况从句谓语动词与现在事实相反过去式(be动词一般用were)与过去事实相反had+过去分词与将来事实相反would/could/might+动词原形彳列： Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I danced as well as her.埃

38、伦是一个极出色的舞者。我希望我能够跳得和她一样好。I feel so sick. I wish my mother hadnt forced me to eat so much. 我想呕吐。我真希望我妈妈没强迫我吃这么多。4 . would rather所接的宾语从句中，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，表示对现在或将来的虚拟；从句 谓语动词用过去完成时，表示对过去的虚拟。例： We would rather our daughter stayed at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.我们宁愿

39、女儿待在家，陪在我们身边，但是选择权在她手里，毕竟她不再是个孩子了。r d rather he had gone to the seaside with me the day before yesterday.5 .在would you mind+if从句中用过去时态。例：Would you mind if I opened the window? 如果我翻开窗户,你不反对吧？比拟：Do you mind if I smoke? 我抽烟你不介意吧？6 .在expect, believe, think, suspect等动词的否认或疑问形式后的宾语从句中；在It is a pity., It i

40、s a shame., It is incredible., It is strange., It is no wonder等结构后的主语从句中； 在 I am sorry We were surprised, They were disappointed等结构后的状语从句中用should十动词原形（或完 成形式），表示惊奇、惶惑、怀疑、不满等作用，意思为竟然,一般不可省略should。例：In ever expected that the problem should be so complicated.我从来没想到问题竟然会这样复杂。They just couldnt believe th

41、at the new stadium should be so big.他们简直不相信新体育场竟会这样大。It is a great pity that he should be so conceited. 真遗憾他竟会这样自高自大。考点四表示事与愿违的虚拟语气的用法。1. should have done=ought to have done 本应该例：You should have worn more clothes that day.那天你本该多穿些衣服。2. should not have done /ought not to have done 本不应该例：We shouldnt h

42、ave left him home alone.我们本不该把他一个人留在家里。3. be supposed to do 本应该例：You are supposed to die like that. 像这样死去的本该是你。4. be supposed to have done 本应该例：You are supposed to have received the letter. 你本该早就收到那封信了。5. might(not) have done可能(不可能)做过. 果从句中缺少的是主语或宾语，那么用that/which。5 .不管先行词指人还是物，只要关系词在定语从句中作定语就用whose。

43、6 .如果先行词指人，“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中的关系词用whom；如果先行词指物，“介 词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中的关系词用Whichol.单句语法填空1. Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner;might not be served until 8 oclock at night.2. Bob is in a hopeless situation, we will keep a very close eye on.3. Take an active part in

44、the activities you enjoy you can make many friends.4. Those who can achieve high grades in class tend to be weak in handling some practical problems, is often the case.5. Tom, I shared a house with when we were at college, has gone abroad in Australia.6. Over the years, I have met some interesting p

45、eople.Two of the most interesting people were two elderly sisters, Joan and Bernice, way of talking about people inspired me.1.1 will never forget such a beautiful village I spent my childhood with my grandparents.8. There they met people from other parts of the country, had also volunteered to help

46、.9. I have made a habit of sayingThank youto those offer their seats to the fellow passengers onpublic transport.10. The air quality in the city, is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.11. To me, the debating community is a great place people help each other not only because t

47、heyreinterested in a higher cause, but because they care a-bout how people from different backgrounds can lead better lives.12. The documentary is about the people job is to repair the relics in the museum.13. This woman has set a good example to her son, is a really lucky guy.14. The shelter, is designed for the thousands of traders and shoppers at Bangkoks night market, has become an attraction itself.15. The old man turned his business over to his young