2023考研英语：技巧飞跃.docx

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1、2023考研英语技巧飞跃Part two 阅读 part A1.阅读技巧总结最局原那么：角色定位：六大题型：细节题推断题猜词题例证题主旨题态度题第1页共28页 the poor U.S. economic performance. Japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda, Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent

2、of the productivity of their Japanese counterpartsa result of the training that U.S. workers received on the job.More recently, while examining housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice lab

3、or productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry s work.What is the real relationship between education and economic development? We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments dont force it. After all, that s h

4、ow education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago, they didnt have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.As education improved, humanity, s prod

5、uctivity potential increased as well. When the competitive environment pushed our ancestors to achieve that potential, they could in turn afford more education. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems requir

6、ed by advanced economic performance. Thus poor countries might第10页共28页 not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education. A lack of formal education, however, doesnt constrain the ability of the developing worlds workforce to

7、substantially improve productivity for the foreseeable future. On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn, t developing more quickly there than it is.31. The author holds in Paragraph 1 that the importance of education in poor countriesA is subject to groundless

8、 doubtsB has fallen victim of biasC is conventionally downgradedD has been overestimatedIt is stated in Paragraph 1 that the construction of a new education systemA challenges economists and politiciansB takes efforts of generationsC demands priority from the governmentD requires sufficient labor fo

9、rce第11页共28页32. A major difference between the Japanese and U.S workforces is thatA the Japanese workforce is better disciplinedB the Japanese workforce is more productiveC the U.S workforce has a better educationD the U.S workforce is more organizedThe author quotes the example of our ancestors to s

10、how that education emerged.A when people had enough timeB prior to better ways of finding foodC when people no longer went hungryD as a result of pressure on governmentAccording to the last paragraph, development of educationA results directly from competitive environmentsB does not depend on econom

11、ic performanceC follows improved productivityD cannot afford political changes第12页共28页Text 4The most thoroughly studied intellectuals in the history of the New World are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenth-century New England. According to the standard history of American philosophy,

12、nowhere else in colonial America was z/so much importance attached to intellectual pursuits/ According to many books and articles； New England, s leaders established the basic themes and preoccupations of an unfolding, dominant Puritan tradition in American intellectual life.To take this approach to

13、 the New Englanders normally means to start with the Puritans, theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church important subjects that we may not neglect. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of Euro

14、pean culture, adjusting to New World circumstances. The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity.The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay included men of impressive education and influence in England. Besides the

15、ninety or so learned ministers who came to Massachusetts churches in the decade after 1629, there were political leaders like John Winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawyer, and official of the Crown before he journeyed to Boston. These men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and

16、Old World audiences, and giving New England an atmosphere of第13页共28页intellectual earnestness.We should not forget, however, that most New Englanders were less well educated. While few craftsmen or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed, it is obvious th

17、at their views were less fully intellectualized. Their thinking often had a traditional superstitious quality. A tailor named John Dane, who emigrated in the late 1630sz left an account of his reasons for leaving England that is filled with signs. Sexual confusion, economic frustrations, and religio

18、us hope一all came together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible, told his father that the first line he saw would settle his fate, and read the magical words: Come out from among them, touch no unclean thing, and I will be your God and you shall be my people/ One wonders what Dane thought of

19、 the careful sermons explaining the Bible that he heard in Puritan churches.Meanwhile, many settlers had slighter religious commitments than Dane sz as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New World for religion, Our main end was to catch

20、 fish.The author holds that in the seventeenth-century New England.A Puritan tradition dominated political lifeB intellectual interests were encouragedC politics benefited much from intellectual endeavorsD intellectual pursuits enjoyed a liberal environment第14页共28页33. It is suggested in Paragraph 2

21、that New Englanders.A experienced a comparatively peaceful early historyB brought with them the culture of the Old WorldC paid little attention to southern intellectual lifeD were obsessed with religious innovationsThe early ministers and political leaders in Massachusetts Bay.A were famous in the N

22、ew World for their writingsB gained increasing importance in religious affairsC abandoned high positions before coming to the New WorldD created a new intellectual atmosphere in New EnglandThe story of John Dane shows that less well-educated New Englanders were often.A influenced by superstitionsB t

23、roubled with religious beliefsC puzzled by church sermonsD frustrated with family earnings第15页共28页34. The text suggests that early settlers in New England.A were mostly engaged in political activitiesB were motivated by an illusory prospectC came from different intellectual backgroundsD left few for

24、mal records for later referenceBackground information新英格兰在美国本土的东北部地区，当地华人常叫做纽英仑，是美国大陆东北角、濒 临大西洋、毗邻加拿大的区域。新英格兰地区包括美国的6个州，由北至南分别为：缅因州、佛蒙特州、新罕布什尔州、 马萨诸塞州（麻省），罗得岛州、康涅狄格州。马萨诸塞州（麻省）首府波士顿是该地区的 最大城市以及经济与文化中心。新英格兰地区拥有全美国乃至全世界最好的教育环境。美国新英格兰地区毋因开Maine新罕布什尔州New Hampshire弗蒙特州Vermont马萨诸塞州（麻省）Massachusetts罗痣岛州Rhod

25、e Island康涅狄格州Connecticul第16页共28页2013 年英语二 Part ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, Bz C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1In an essay entitled Making It in America” , the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from c

26、otton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill has only two employees today, a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog, and the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines/Davidson7 s article is one of a number of pieces that have recentl

27、y appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is largely because of the big drop in demand because of the Great Recession, but it is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revo

28、lution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign workers.In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job, could earn an average lifestyle. But, today, average is officially over. Being average just won t earn you what it used to. It can t when so many

29、more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extratheir unique value contribution that makes them stand out in第17页共28页 whatever is their field of e

30、mployment.Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there7 s been an acceleration. As Davidson notes, In the 10 years ending in 2009, U. S. factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manuf

31、acturing jobs-about 6 million in total一disappeared/There will always be change一new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the LT. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make them

32、selves above average.In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G. L Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to post-high school education.21. The

33、joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate.A the impact of technological advancesB the alleviation of job pressureC the shrinkage of textile millsD the decline of middle-class incomesAccording to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to.A work on cheap software第18页共28页B ask for a moderate

34、 salaryC adopt an average lifestyleD contribute something uniqueThe quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that.A gains of technology have been erasedB job opportunities are disappearing at a high speedC factories are making much less money than beforeD new jobs and services have been offeredAccording to

35、 the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is_.A to accelerate the LT. revolutionB to ensure more education for peopleC to advance economic globalizationD to pass more bills in the 21st centuryWhich of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?A New Law Takes Effect

36、.B Technology Goes Cheap.C Average Is Over.D Recession Is Bad.第19页共28页2.整篇演练2009 年英语一Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindl

37、essly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd； William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word habit carries a negative connotation.So it seems par

38、adoxical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.Rather than d

39、ismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits. In fact, the more new things we try一the more we step outside our comfort zone一the more inherently creative we become, both in the workplace and in our personal lives.But

40、 donz t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the brain, they re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately press into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.第2页共28页Text 2A century ago, the immigrants from across the

41、Atlantic included settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and who would make some money and go home. Between 1908 and 1915, about 7 million people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a

42、 quarter of all Italian immigrants, for example, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggioz, , birds of passage.Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide newcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail t

43、hem as Americans in the making, or brand them as aliens to be kicked out. That framework has contributed mightily to our broken immigration system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We don t need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to l

44、ook beyond strict definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aid

45、es and physicists are among today s birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas. They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them. They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission,

46、they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with第20页共28页 ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to tw

47、o nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle. Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths

48、 and multiple outcomes, including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.22. Birds of passage refers to those who.A immigrate across the AtlanticB leave their home countries for goodC stay in a foreign country temporarilyD find permanent jobs overseasIt is implied in Paragraph 2 that the current immigration system in the US_.A needs new immigrant categoriesB has loosened control over immigrantsC should be adapted to meet challenges