初中形容词和副词讲解与练习(5页).doc

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1、-形容词和副词讲解与专项练习一、形容词（一）定义：用来描写或修饰名词或代词，说明人或事物的特征或性质。（二）用法1.做定语(此时，形容词的位置在被修饰名词之前)。e.g. This is an old house.2.做表语（此时，形容词的位置在连系动词之后）。e.g. I am sorry to hear that.3.做宾语宾语补足语（此时，形容词的位置在宾语之后）。e.g. She made her mother angry.4.形容词在句中的位置。形容词做定语修饰名词时，放在名词前面。修饰不定代词时要放在不定代词之后。She is a clever girl.I saw somethi

2、ng white in the water.形容词修饰带有表量度的词或者词组时定语后置。The bridge is one hundred meters long .5.某些形容词前加上定冠词the，可以代表一类人或东西，可以用作主语，宾语等。做主语时当复数看待。e.g.The old are well looked after.We all love the beautiful.二、副词（一）定义：用来修饰动词，形容词，其他副词以及全句。（有许多副词是从形容词转化而来的。方法是在形容词词尾加上ly.如：bad-badly, careful-carefully.等，在变化时要注意词尾是y的，要

3、把y改为I再加ly。如：lucky-luckily. busy-busily等。另外以e结尾的，大部分直接加ly.如：wide-widely, brave-bravely等。还有几个特殊的要去e后再加ly.如：true-truly terrible-terribly等。（二）用法1.作状语。e.g.They work hard .(副词修饰动词）They are quite right .（副词修饰形容词）He park the car very easily .（副词修饰副词）Unfortunately, he was out.（副词修饰整个句子）2.作定语（时间副词和地点副词可以做后置定语

4、）。e.g.The students here are all from Hubei.3.作表语。 e.g. What is on this evening?(今晚上演什么节目。）4.作宾语补足语。e.g. Dont let him in.三 形容词和副词的比较等级在英语中形容词和副词有原级，比较级和最高级之分。原级就是它们的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化。(一)形容词和副词的比较级和最高级变化1.规则变化单音节词和部分双音节词(1)一般在词尾加er,est. hard-harder-hardest great-greater-greatest(2)以字母e结尾的加r,st. ni

5、ce-nicer-nicest able-abler-ablest(3)重读闭音节中末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写辅音字母，再加er,est.big-bigger-biggest fat-fatter-fatter red-redder-reddestthin-thinner-thinnest hot-hotter-hottest wet-wetter-wettest(4)以辅音字母+y结尾的词，先改y为i再加er.est多音节词和部分双音节词,在其前加more,most.polite-more polite-most polite exciting-more exciting-most exc

6、itinginteresting-more interesting-most imnteresting carefully-more carefully-most carefullyquickly-more quickly-most quickly happily-more happily-most happily有些形容词和副词的比较等级用-er,-est或者more,most皆可，如clever,lovely等。表示“较不-”和“最不-”时，可用less和least.difficult-less difficult-least difficultinteresting-less inter

7、esting-least interesting2.不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/badly/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest(二)形容词和副词级的用法原级:(1)原级的基本用法句型:主语+谓语动词+as+原级+as+比较对象 (前者与后者一样.)主语+.not+as/so+原级+as+比较对象 (前者不如后者那么.)The coat is as old as that o

8、ne .The weather in Beijing is not as/so hot as that in Shanghai .(2)原级的特殊用法1)表示是.的几倍. 句型: .times +as +原级 + as .This house is three times as large as that one .He can run five three times as fast as his brother.2)表示.的一半. 句型: .half as +原级 + as .My money is not half as much as yours.3)表示尽可能.句型: .as + 原

9、级 + as possible/one can.We should get up as early as possible/we can.比较级的用法1.两者相比（甲大于乙），用比较级+than表示This room is bigger than that one .2.要表示不如，用less+原级+than结构This book is less difficult than that one .3.表示两者人，事物之间，比较的，用the+比较级+名词+of+the+名词或代词结构Bob is the taller boy of the two boys.4.不于其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改

10、变，用比较级+and+比较级结构，意思是越来越 The weather is getting warmer and warmer .5.表示一方随另一方的变化而变化，用the+比较级，the+比较级结构，意思是越就越 The more you eat, the fatter you will be .6.表示几倍于时，用倍数+asas或用倍数+比较级+than表示Our room is three times larger than yours . Our room is three times as large as yours .7.用much，far ,still ,even , a l

11、ot , a little ,a bit等词来修饰比较级，表示程度，放在比较级之前。如：Its much warmer today .最高级的用法1.三者或三者以上之中的最，用形容词，副词的最高级。形容词最高级前必须加冠词the，副词最高级前的the可省略，常用的结构为：A+be+the+形容词，副词最高级+in（of）+表示范围的短语。He is the tallest boy in our class .2.用比较级的形式，表达最高级的含义比较级+than+（1）.any other+单数名词或（2）.+all the other+复数名词 (3).+anyone else (4).+an

12、y of the other +复数名词Tom is taller than any other student in our class .3.最高级可以被序数词及much，by far, nearly, almost等修饰，表示程度。The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.四、专项训练1写出下列形容词副词的比较级最高级。young _ _ _ _ nice _ _ _ _ far _ _ _ _early _ _ _ _ much _ _ _ _ delicious _ _ _ _short_ _ _ _ late _ _

13、 _ _ little _ _ _ _beautiful _ _ _ _ fat _ _ _ _ red _ _ _ _2用所给的形容词副词的适当形式填空。A. Tom is _ _ (tall) than Jim.B. Li Lei is _ _(young) boy in his class.C.I think English is _ _ (interesting) than any other subject.D. David has _ _ (many) story books of all the students.E. Li Lei speaks English _ _ (wel

14、l) in his group.F. Lucy runs _ _ (slow) than Lily.3改正下列句子中一处的错误。ATom comes to school late than Jim._ _B. Which do you like better , cats ,dogs, or chickens? _ _C. Who is oldest in our class? _ _D. He thinks math is importanter than Chinese._ _E. This work is very harder than that one._ _F. He lives

15、farer than any other student in your class._ _4单项选择( ) 1. The air in Beijing is getting much now than a few years ago. A. clean B. cleaner C. cleanest D. the cleanest( ) 2. Nowadays science fiction isnt as as cartoons among teenagers. A. popular B. more popular C. less popular D. the most popular( )

16、 3. Remember, boys and girls. you work, result you will get. We know, Miss Gao. A. The better, the harder B. The harder, the better C. The hard, the better D. The harder, the good( ) 4. Jack has three friends. Mike is the of the four. A. most cleverest B. more clever C. cleverest D. clever( ) 5. In

17、our English study reading is more important than speaking. I think. I dont agree, speaking is than reading.A. as important as B. so important as C. the most important D. the same as( ) 6. John is my friend of all the classmates.A. good B. better C. best D. the best( ) 7. Beijing is one of cities in

18、China.A. very beautiful B. much beautiful C. more beautiful D. the most beautiful( ) 8. The Yellow River isnt so as the Changjiang River.A. long B. longest C. longer D. the longest( ) 9. Who is the , Jim, Li Lei or Ling Feng?A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. much taller( ) 10. Of all the students, Wu Dong runs .A. fast B. faster C. fastest D. most fast( ) 11.Tom is stronger than _ in his class.A. any other boy B. any boys C. any boy D. other boy-第 - 5 - 页-