六级 翻译 改革后复习资料.docx

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1、译文：总结一年来的工作，我们醒悟地看到，经济社会开展中还存在不少问题和困难。In reviewing our work of the past year, we clearly see that many problems and difficulties remain in our economic and social development.总结用review，在这里用了现在分词形式，不失为一种简洁而又正式的方式。在后半句的翻译中，英文和汉语语序整体大相反，留意“经济社会开展的表达方式：in economic and social development.必需坚持把人民群众利益放在第一位

2、。We must always put the interests of the people first.这句话翻译起来比拟简洁，留意“把.放在第一位put.first。要切实维护人民群众的经济, 政治和文化权益，着力解决关系群众切身利益的突出问题，保障城乡困难群众的根本生活。We must truly protect the peoples economic, political and cultural rights and interests, pay particular attention to solving acute problems affecting their vita

3、l interests, and ensure that poor urban and rural residents have the basic necessities of life.翻译整段，必定会有个别长句，这就须要我们把握整体构造，说明大意即可。 这段话是很正式的会议截取，所以咱们翻译时许多词组或者句子构造都是有据可循的。比方这句“着力解决关系群众切身利益的突出问题，翻译的时候，没有完全根据汉语语序，而是把“关系群众切身利益翻译为现在分词作后置定语构造 affecting their vital interests。留意固定词组及句式：维护人民群众的经济, 政治和文化权益 prot

4、ect the peoples economic, political and cultural rights and interests着力解决.pay particular attention to solving (记住，pay attention to doing/sth 这个固定构造)不断满意人们日益增长的物质文化须要，是社会主义现代化建立的根本目的。The fundamental goal of our socialist modernization drive is to continually meet the growing material and cultural nee

5、ds of the people.这句话翻译出来，也是将汉语语序颠倒后进展的翻译。用了to do不定式做表语。这句话大家可以完全背诵下来。只有执政为民，我们的各项事业才能获得最广泛最牢靠的群众根底和力气源泉。Only if we exercise power for the good of the people can we enjoy the broadest and most reliable support from the people and draw from them the strength for accomplishing all our undertakings.只有.才

6、.这个构造须要用到英文构造only if。后半句汉语很困难，所以英语翻译时，用了两个and连接的分句，来更清晰正确地表达汉语的意思。留意固定词组及句式：执政为民 exercise power for the good of the people我们的各项事业 all our undertakings时政要闻翻译词汇及短语1. the implications of social harmony or the characteristics of harmonious society 和谐社会的内涵2. scientific outlook on development 科学开展观3. harm

7、ony for all winners; harmonious and win-win scenario; all-win harmony 和谐共赢4. social assistance (aid) system 社会救助体系5. become increasingly prosperous 日益兴盛6. maintain prolonged stability 长治久安7. enhance comprehensive(overall) national strength and international competitiveness 增加综合国力和国际竟争力8. bring about

8、 development and prosperity 实现开展旺盛9. cadre and personnel system 干部人事制度10. urban social security system 城镇社会保障体系11. new thinking on energy development 新能源观12. innovation-oriented country 创新型国家13. foster integration with the global economy 促进全球经济一体化14. the Partys policy toward ethnic minorities 党的民族政策

9、15. Party and government organs 党政机关16. system of public servants 公务员制度17. democratic centralism, inner-Party democracy 民主集中制, 党内民主18. the rule of law and the rule of virtue 依法治国和以德治国19. productive force, relation of production 生产力, 生产关系20. the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages 利远远大于弊21. com

10、plicated social phenomenon 困难的社会现象22. sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement 责任感 / 成就感23. sense of competition and cooperation 竞争及合作精神24. Take the essence and discard the dregs 取其精华，取其糟粕25. an irresistible trend of 必定趋势26. unshakable duty 不行推卸的义务27. comprehensive quality 综合素养28. The theory on

11、 the initial stage of socialism 社会主义初级阶段的理论29. Macroeconomic decision 宏观经济决策30. Microeconomic phenomenon 微观经济现象31. Curb inflation 抑制通货膨胀32. non-profit cultural undertakings 公益性文化事业33. regulation of income distribution 收入安排调整34. a conservation-minded society 资源节约型社会35. supporting measures 配套措施36. car

12、ry out the process of urbanization 推动城镇化37. Economic recovery 经济复苏38. Diversified economy 多种经济，多样化经济39. Socialist sector of economy 社会主义经济成分40. Transaction of property rights 产权交易41. primary-level organizations 基层组织42. prevention and treatment work 预防救治工作43. land and resources administration 国土资源管理4

13、4. post-disaster reconstruction 灾后重建45. rural credit cooperatives 农村信用社46. non-profit cultural undertakings 公益性文化事业47. to call for the establishment of a just and equitable new order 提倡公正, 合理的新秩序观48. to ensure social equity and justice 实现社会公允及正义49. Reform of personnel system 人事制度改革50. Special admini

14、strative region 特殊行政区51. Special economic zones in coastal areas 沿海经济特区52. State-owned economy 国有经济53. Economic sanction 经济制裁54. National economic budget 国民经济预算55. Reform of management of state-owned property 国有资产管理体制改革56.the inevitable result of social development 社会开展的必定结果57.be supported by sound

15、reasons 有充分的理由支持58.widen ones horizon/broaden ones vision 开阔眼界59. foster new thinking on security featuring mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality and coordination 推动树立以互信, 互利, 同等和协作为主要内容的新平安观60. One focus, two basic points 一个中心，两个根本点61. Macro control and micro invigoration 宏观限制及微观搞活62.the increasin

16、gly fierce social competition 日益猛烈的社会竞争63. lack of credibility 诚信缺失64. development for the people, by the people and the benefit of all the people 开展为了人民, 开展依靠人民, 开展成果由人民共享65. Administrative interference/Administrative intervention 行政干预66. Demand-pull inflation 需求拉动的通货膨胀67. Galloping inflation 恶性通货膨

17、胀68. patriotic sanitation campaign 爱国卫生运动69. system for land expropriation and requisition 土地征收征用制度70. proprietary intellectual property rights 自主学问产权71. optimize the education structure 优化教化构造72. an appropriate amount of fine-tuning 适度微调73. non-government funded education 民办教化74. competence-oriente

18、d education 素养教化75. overheated economy 过热的经济76. consumer price index 消费品价格指数77. commodity price index 商品物价指数78. annual checks of the registration of property rights 产权登记年检79. enterprises and enterprises groups 企业集团80. merging of enterprises and promote re-employment 促进再就业81. enlarge the right of sel

19、f-management 扩大自主权82. relief subsidies 扶贫基金83. reform of rural taxes and administrative charges 农村税费改革84. fight unremittingly against pornographic and illegal publications 坚持不懈地进展扫黄打非斗争85. construction of major transport trunk lines and hubs 重大交通运输干线及枢纽工程86. promote all-round, balanced and sustainab

20、le development of the economy and society 推动经济社会全面, 协调, 可持续开展87. medical care system and medical assistance system 医疗制度和医疗合作制度88. from another perspective 从另一个角度89. a controversial issue 有争议性的问题90. leadership system against corruption 反腐败领导体制91. legal functions 法定职能92. leapfrog development 跨越式开展93.

21、exercise democratic supervision 实行民主监视94. National Peoples Congress 全国人民代表大会95. Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference 中国人民政治协商会议96. bread-and-butter issue 生计问题97. annual state budge 年度国家预算98. encourage diversity 提倡多样化99. improve the quality of legislation 提高立法质量100. disadvantaged groups

22、弱势群体101. gross national product (GNP) 国民生产总值102. per-capita gross domestic product (GDP) 人均国内生产总值103. gather large numbers of talented people 广纳群贤104. rational flow of trained people 人才合理流淌105. a system of public hearings 社会听证制度106. cultural restructuring 文化体制改革107. act in compliance with objective

23、and scientific laws 根据客观规律和科学规律办事108. address both the symptoms and root causes 标本兼治109. participation in and deliberation of state affairs 参政议政110. basic code of conduct 根本行为准那么111. system of public servants 公务员制度112. innovation in education 教化创新113. devote greater efforts to tackling root causes 加

24、大治本的力度114. a new international political and economic order that is fair and rational 公正合理的国际政治经济新秩序115. hold negotiations on peaceful reunification 进展和平统一谈判116. democratic supervision 民主监视翻译技巧之一-词性转换词性转换不仅是重要的译词手段，也是常用的句法转换变通手段，是一种常用的翻译技巧。说白了，就是在必要的时候，将原文中的某个词的词性在译文里用其他词性表达出来。这种转换会使译文更加敏捷变通，不必拘泥于原文

25、形式，却能更精确传达出原文内涵。本局部内容主要从汉译英入手。从四个方面加以说明。1)汉语动词的转换汉语动词的运用频率远远高于英语。这是因为根据英语句法，受主谓关系的限制，一个简洁句或分句大多只有一个谓语动词。而且，英语还可以通过谓语动词以外各种词性的词来表达动词意义。因此将汉语句子里的动词转换为英语里其他词性的词是翻译中的常用技巧之一。例1 这本书反映了30年头的中国社会。译文:The book is a reflection of Chinese society in the 1930s.(将汉语动词转换为英语名词)例2 他们不满意于现有的成就。译文:They were not conten

26、t with their present achievements.(将汉语动词转换为英语形容词)例3 我想男孩及女孩的思维方式不同。译文:I suppose boys think differently from girls.(将汉语动词转换为英语副词)例4 你赞成还是反对这项方案译文:Are you for or against the plan(将汉语动词转化为英语介词)英语中有许多由名词派生的动词，以及由名词转用的副词，形容词等。在汉译英时，汉语中的名词经常可以产生一些转换，从而更简洁有力地表达原文。例6 钢的含炭量越高，强度和硬度就越大。译文:The more carbon the

27、steel contains, the harder and stronger it is.(汉语名词转换为英语形容词表示特征和性质)例7 这就是你不对的地方。译文:This is where you are wrong.(汉语名词转换为英语副词)例8 我的体重比过去轻了。译文:I weigh less than I used to.(汉语名词转换为英语动词)在汉译英时，汉语的形容词往往可以译成英语中的名词或副词。这些名词或副词通常具有抽象意义，而且往往由某些形容词派生而来。例9 我们感到，解决这个困难的问题是困难的。译文:We found difficulty in solving this

28、 complicated problem.(汉语形容词转换为英语名词)例10有时候我们不得不为错误付出昂贵的代价。译文:Sometimes we have to pay dearly for mistakes.(汉语形容词转换为英语副词)有时出于修辞和句法构造的须要，往往把汉语中的副词用英语其他词性的词来表达，这也是翻译中的一个常用技巧。例11 独立思索对学习是肯定必需的。译文:Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.(汉语副词转换为英语名词)翻译技巧之二分句法把原文中一个单词或短语译成句子，使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个

29、以上的句子。或干脆把原文的一个句子拆开，译成两个或两个以上的句子。例1 八月中旬，修理组人员在骄阳下工作。译文: It was in mid-August, and the repair section operated under the blazing sun.(一个单句拆分成了一个并列复合句)例2 他为人单纯而坦率。译文: He was very clean. His mind was open. (一个单句拆分成两个简洁句了)例3 The mother might have spoken with understandable pride of her child.译文: 母亲谈到她的

30、孩子时，或许有骄傲感，这是可以理解的。(形容词被拆开)例4 I wrote four books in the first three years ,a record never touched before.译文: 我头三年写了四本书，打破了以往的记录。(名词短语拆开翻译技巧之三-合句法把原文中两个或以上的简洁句，主从复合句或并列复合句等译成一个单句。例5 她已试了好几次，要帮他们另找一所出租的房子，结果并未胜利。译文:She had made several attempts to help them find other rental quarters without success.(多个简洁句合成一个单句)例6 他们没有遵守交通规那么，机器出了故障。译文：His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery.(并列复合句合成一个单句)例7 When we praise the Chinese leadership and the people, we are not merely being polite.译文：我们对中国领导人和中国人民的赞扬不仅仅是出于礼貌。(主从复合句合成一个单句)