2015专八真题.docx

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1、 TEM 8 阅读理解 A What we know of prenatal development makes all this attempt made by a mother to mold the character of her unborn child by studying poetry, art, or mathematics during pregnancy seem utterly impossible. How could such extremely complex influences pass from the mother to the child There i

2、s no connection between their nervous systems. Even the blood vessels of mother and child do not join directly. An emotional shock to the mother will affect her child, because it changes the activity of her glands and so the chemistry her blood. Any chemical change in the mothers blood will affect t

3、he child for better or worse. But we can not see how a looking for mathematics or poetic genius can be dissolved in blood and produce a similar liking or genius in the child. In our discussion of instincts we saw that there was reason to believe that whatever we inherit must be of some very simple s

4、ort rather than any complicated or very definite kind of behavior. It is certain that no one inherits a knowledge of mathematics. It may be, however, that children inherit more or less of a rather general ability that we may call intelligence. If very intelligent children become deeply interested in

5、 mathematics, they will probably make a success of that study. As for musical ability, it may be that what is inherited is an especially sensitive ear, a peculiar structure of the hands or the vocal organs connections between nerves and muscles that make it comparatively easy to learn the movements

6、a musician must execute, and particularly vigorous emotions. If these factors are all organized around music, the child may become a musician. The same factors, in other circumstance might be organized about some other center of interest. The rich emotional equipment might find expression in poetry.

7、 The capable fingers might develop skill in surgery. It is not the knowledge of music that is inherited, then nor even the love of it, but a certain bodily structure that makes it comparatively easy to acquire musical knowledge and skill. Whether that ability shall be directed toward music or some o

8、ther undertaking may be decided entirely by forces in the environment in which a child grows up.1. Which of the following statements is not trueA. Some mothers try to influence their unborn children by studying art and other subjects during their pregnancy.B. It is utterly impossible for us to learn

9、 anything about prenatal development.C. The blood vessels of mother and child do not join directly.D. There are no connection between mothers nervous systems and her unborn childs.2. A mother will affect her unborn baby on the condition that _.A. she is emotionally shockedB. she has a good knowledge

10、 of inheritanceC. she takes part in all kind of activitiesD. she sticks to studying3. According to the passage, a child may inherit_.A. everything from his motherB. a knowledge of mathematicsC. a rather general ability that we call intelligenceD. her mothers musical ability4. If a child inherits som

11、ething from his mother, such as an especially sensitive ear, a peculiar structure of the hands or of the vocal organs, he will _.A. surely become musicianB. mostly become a poetC. possibly become a teacherD. become a musician on the condition that all these factors are organized around music5. Which

12、 of the following is the best title for the passageA. Role of Inheritance. B. An Unborn Child.C. Function of instincts. D. Inherited Talents.答案：BACDA B Computers monitor everything in Singapore from soil composition to location of manholes. At the airport, it took just 15 seconds for the computerize

13、d immigration system to scan and approve my passport. It takes only one minute to be checked into a public hospital. By 1998, almost every household will be wired for interactive cable TV and the Internet, the global computer network. Shoppers will be able to view and pay for products electronically

14、. A 24-hour community telecomputing network will allow users to communicate with elected representatives and retrieve information about government services. It is all part of the governments plan to transform the nation into what it calls the “Intelligent Island”. In so many ways, Singapore has elev

15、ated the concept of efficiency to a kind of national ideology. For the past ten years, Singapores work force was rated the best in the world-ahead of Japan and the U.S.-in terms of productivity, skill and attitude by the Business Environment Risk Intelligence service. Behind the “Singapore miracle”

16、is a man Richard Nixon described as one of “the ablest leaders I have met,” one who, “in other times and other places, might have attained the world stature of a Churchill.” Lee Kuan Yew led Singapores struggle for independence in the 1950s, serving as Prime Minister from 1959 until 1990. Today (199

17、5), at 71, he has nominally retired to the office of Senior Minister, where he continues to influence his countrys future. Lee offered companies tax breaks, political stability, cheap labor and strike-free environment. Nearly 90 percent of Singaporean adults now own their own homes and thanks to str

18、ict adherence to the principle of merit, personal opportunities abound. “If youve got talent and work hard, you can be anything here,” says a Malaysian-born woman who holds a high-level civil-service position. Lee likes to boast that Singapore has avoided the “moral breakdown” of Western countries.

19、He attributes his nations success to strong family ties, a reliance on education as the engine of advancement and social philosophy that he claims is superior to Americas. In an interview with Readers Digest, he said that the United States has “lost its bearings” by emphasizing individual rights at

20、the expense of society. “An ethical society,” he said, “is one which matches human rights with responsibilities.”1.What characterizes Singapores advancement is its_. Aputer monitoring. B.work efficiency. C.high productivity. D.value on ethics.2.From Nixons perspective, Lee is_. A.almost as great as

21、Churchill. B.not as great as Churchill. C.only second to Churchill in being a leader. D.just as great as Churchill.3.In the last paragraph, “lost its bearings” may mean_. A.become impatient. B.failed to find the right position. C.lost its foundation. D.grown band-mannered.4.“You can be anything here

22、”(Paragraph 5) may be paraphrased as_.A.You can hope for a very bright prospect.B.You may be able to do anything needed.C.You can choose any job as you like.D.You will become an outstanding worker.5.In Singapore, the concept of efficiency_.A.has been emphasized throughout the country.B.has become an

23、 essential quality for citizens to aim at.C.is brought forward by the government in order to compete with America.D.is known as the basis for building the “Intelligent Island.”Translation Chinese to English 茶花（Camellia）的自然花期在12月至翌年4月，以红色系为主，另有黄色系与白色系等，花色明丽。本届花展充分展示了茶花的品种资源与科研程度，是近三年来本市规模最大的一届茶花展。为了广

24、袤植物爱好者有更多与茶花密切接触的时机，本届茶花展的不沾范围延长至整个园区，为赏花游客带来便利。此次茶花展历时2个月，展期内200多个茶花品种将接连亮相。参考答案： Camellia naturally blooms between December and April in the next year, mainly in red as well as in yellow and white, with its bright and gorgeous blossom. The Flower Show, which displays into full the varieties and te

25、chnological research of the flower, marks the largest one in our city in recent three years. In order to enable the vegetation lovers to embrace Camellia, the flower show extends its place to the whole garden, making it more convenient for the visitors. The Flower Show lasts for two months and more

26、than 200 types of camellia will make its appearance during the period. Translation English to ChineseAt its heart, psycholinguistic work consists of two questions. One is, What knowledge of language is needed for us to use language In a sense, we must know a language to use it, but we are not always

27、 fully aware of this knowledge. A distinction may be drawn between tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge. Tacit knowledge refers to the knowledge of how to perform various acts, whereas explicit knowledge refers to the knowledge of the processes or mechanisms used in these acts. We sometimes know h

28、ow to do something without knowing how we do it. For instance, a baseball pitcher (投手) might know how to throw a baseball 90 miles an hour but might have little or no explicit knowledge of the muscle groups that are involved in this act. Similarly, we may distinguish between knowing how to speak and

29、 knowing what processes are involved in producing speech. Generally speaking, much of our linguistic knowledge is tacit rather than explicit.参考答案：心理语言学的探讨包括两个核心问题。第一，我们运用语言须要什么语言学问？从某种意义上说，我们必需拥有某种语言的学问才能运用该语言，但却并不总是能完全意识到这种学问。我们可能要对隐性学问与显性学问加以区分。隐性学问是指如何执行各种动作所拥有的学问，而显性学问是指在这些动作中运用的过程或者机制所蕴含的学问。有时，

30、我们知道如何做某事，却无法说出我们是怎么做的。比方，一名棒球投手可能知道如何以每小时90英里的速度把球抛出去，但对有关参加此活动的肌群的显性学问却知之甚少，或一窍不通。同样地， 我们知道如何说话，但却不清晰言语产生包含哪些过程。总的来说， 我们的大多数语言学问都是隐性知 识而非显性学问。 Part Writing There has been a new trend in economic activity- the sharing economy. The biggest sector of the sharing economy is travel. You find a potentia

31、l host through a website. If you both get along and they are available during your planned trip, you stand a chance of getting a place for free. In addition, people also use website and apps to rent out their cars, houses, tools, clothes and services to one another. Time magazine has included this t

32、rend in a list titled “10 ideas that will change the world.” It said, “ In an era when families are scattered and we may not know the people down the street, sharing things-even with strangers weve met just online-allow us to make meaningful connections.” What do you think of Times comment 参考范文 My V

33、iews on the Sharing Economy The sharing economy refers to the economic pattern in which people share access to resources, such as goods, services and data. This newly emerging trend would be impossible without the development of technology. It is the Internet that makes the sharing cheaper and easie

34、r and helps to strike a balance between supply and demand. Time magazine has listed the sharing economy as one of the “10 ideas that will change the world”. As far as the comment is concerned, I cannot agree with Time more. As one of the greatest benefits of the digital age, the sharing economy aris

35、es from our oldest instinct as human beings. There is always an urge for us to connect with others, especially in an era when families are scattered and we do not really know the people who live nearby. It has been said that “Joys shared with others are more enjoyed.” However, in my eyes, the resour

36、ces shared with others are more beneficial to our society. On the one hand, sharing economy leads to a more efficient use of resources. Some items are expensive to buy but widely owned by people who do not make the best use of them. Occasional sharing may provide extra income for the owners and can

37、be less costly for the borrowers. If managed well, a win-win situation is achieved for both parties in the process. Besides, sharing economy contributes to environmental protection. Take accommodation for example. The more hotels are built, the more resources are required, which might in turn result

38、 in a decrease in arable land and public green space. On the other hand, the transaction cost is reduced due to the use of Internet and various apps. With a smart phone in your hand, it is not difficult to find a potential host in the neighboring area. People are meeting increasingly on screens, dis

39、cussing online and purchasing goods domestic and overseas, paying through Internet payment system. To summarize, although the sharing economy is not perfect at present because of concerns in insurance, legal liability, safety and the like, I believe, quite firmly, that it represents the future trend

40、 and has the power to change the world for the convenience and flexibility it brings to us. Just as the old Chinese saying goes, the defects cannot obscure the virtues of a splendid jade, and I assume it also applies to the sharing economyPART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)31. Which of the following

41、 is the French-speaking city in Canada A. Vancouver B. Ottawa C. Montreal D. Toronto32. Which of the following are natives of New Zealand A. The Maoris B. The Aboriginals C. The Red Indians D. The Eskimos33. The established or national church in England is A. the Roman Catholic Church B. the United

42、Reformed Church C. the Anglican Church D. the Methodist Church34. The 13 former British colonies in North America declared independence from Great Britain in A. 1774 B. 1775 C. 1776 D. 177735. “Grace under pressure” is an outstanding virtue of _ heroes.A. Scott Fitzgerald s B. Ernest Hemingways C. E

43、ugene ONeill s D. William Faulkners36. Widowers House was written by A. William Butler Yeats B. George Bernard Shaw C. John Galsworthy D. T. S. Eliot37. Who wrote The Canterbury TalesA. William Shakespeare B. William Blake C. Geoffrey Chaucer D. John Donne38. Which of the following pairs of words ar

44、e homophones A. wind (v.) / wind (n.) B. suspect (v.) / suspect (n.) C. convict (v.) / convict (n.) D. bare (adj.) / bear (v.)39. Which of the following sentences has the “S+V+O” structure A. He died a hero. B. I went to London. C. Mary enjoyed parties. D. She became angry.40. Which of the following

45、 CAN NOT be used as an adverbial A. The lions share B. Heart and soul. C. Null and void. D. Hammer and tongs.PART IV PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN)There is widespread consensus among scholars that second language acquisition (SLA) emerged as a distinct field of research from the late 1950s

46、 to early 1960s.There is a high level of agreement that the following questions (1) _have possessed the most attention of researchers in this area: (2) _Is it possible to acquire an additional language in thesame sense one acquires a first language (3) _What is the explanation for the fact adults ha

47、ve (4) _more difficulty in acquiring additional languages than children haveWhat motivates people to acquire additional languageWhat is the role of the language teaching in the (5) _acquisition of additional languagesWhat social-cultural factors, if any, are relevant in studying thelearning of additional languagesFrom a check of the literature of the field it is clear that all (6) _the approaches adopted to study the phenomena of SLA so far haveone thing in common: The perspective adopted to view the acquiringof an additio