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1、-By 与 through 的区别1by(1)表示方法,手段。即“用., 通过.以方式”相当于by means of 如:All work had to be done by hand 所有的工作都是手工进行的。He makes a living by teaching 他以教书为生。It happened through no fault of mine.这件事的发生, 并非由于我的任何过错。He saluted her by raising his hat.他举起帽子向她致意。She earned money by writing.她靠写作挣钱。根据;按照to play by the ru
2、les按规则比赛相差His horse won by a nose.他的马以一鼻之差取胜。(2)表示传达、传递的方式或煤介。如:How did you send the letter, by airmail or by ordinary mail?你是怎么发送的这信,是通过航天邮件还是普通邮件?(3)表示用交通工具、通讯工具后接名词单数,不加冠词。如:He came by train, but his wife came by bus. 他是乘火车来的,可是他老婆是坐公共汽车来的。注意下面两句的区别:Did you come by train? =Did you come in his car
3、 / on my bike?“by +抽象名词”构成的词组有:by accident / by chance / by diligence / by effort / by force / by heart / by luck / by mistake / by hard work.(4)指数量增加或减少到的程度,相差。We lost the match by one goal 我们仅以一球之差输了比赛。(5)根据,按照pay sb by the hour /day/weekSell sth by the pound /meter/ dozensell sth by weight/length
4、As a rule,domestic servants doing odd jobs are paid by the hour 通常,家政服务是按照小时计酬的。They marched by night.他们夜里进军。2. through(1) 表示“以;通过;经由”。如:He succeeded through hard work.(2) 空间上通过,透过,经过Light comes in through the window。光线从窗户进来。(3) 时间上通过, 自始至终,从头到尾经过He often works through the night 他常常通宵工作。注意:在表示手段表示“藉
5、着;以;经由”时,by, through有时也可换用。如:Through his efforts he succeeded in making so many useful inventions.By his efforts he succeeded in making so many useful inventionsHe became rich through hard work.他靠努力工作而致富。3、固定搭配1)throughthrough:透;彻底be wet through浑身湿透through:自始至终,从头到尾Have you read the letter through?你
6、看完信了吗?through:情况好;取得成功I got through with good marks.我考的成绩很好。through:打通,接通(电话)Can you put me through to Mr Jones?请帮我接通琼斯先生的电话。through:做完的;完成的;完毕的Im not through just yet.我还没做完。through:从头到尾travel through the country游遍全国go through a bottle of wine喝完一瓶酒through the ages 古往今来You are through.英你要的电话接通了。Are you through?美你的电话打完了吗?2) byby and by不久以后;不一会儿by and large全盘;总的来说in days gone by昔日put your work by for a minute把你的工作稍搁片刻These oranges were put by for the winter.这些桔子被储存起来留冬天吃。第 3 页-