宾语从句讲解课件.ppt

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1、第四节 宾语从句 师生互动 自主发现 体验语法学习之乐趣 1）What are the strongest days of the week? Saturday and Sundayall the other days are weak(week) days. 2) Why is the letter “R” like Christmas Because it comes at the end of December. 3) What time is it when a pie is divided among four friends? A quarter to one.Noun Claus

2、e:Functions as a NOUN in a sentence. Question: What is the function of a noun in a sentence? 名词在句中可以充当什么成分名词在句中可以充当什么成分? ?什么叫名词性从句？什么叫名词性从句？ 名词性从句名词性从句 noun clause 主语从句主语从句subject clause 宾语从句宾语从句object clause 表语从句表语从句predicative clause 同位语从句同位语从句appositive clauseWhat kind of clauses are they?1. What

3、 the driver of the yellow car did made me extremely angry. 2.Why she did this is still unknown. 3.Its hard to forget what we have learned in his classes. 4.Please dont tell my mother when Ill give her my gift.宾语从句：宾语从句：1.从句在复合句中充当宾语成分通常放在主从句在复合句中充当宾语成分通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词或介词后后连词：连词：that, w

4、hether，if （ that 常可省略）常可省略） who, what, which, whoever, whatever, when where why how1). They know that the habit will kill them.2).It all depends on whether they will support us .3) I am afraid that he didnt call me .4).He made it clear to the public that he did an important and necessary job . 5).I

5、find it necessary that we should do the homework.宾语从句主句时态主句时态从句时态从句时态一般现在时、一般将来时、祈使句时一般现在时、一般将来时、祈使句时 根据句意的需要用任意一种时态根据句意的需要用任意一种时态 一般过去时一般过去时 与原句相对应的过去的时态与原句相对应的过去的时态 客观事实、真理、自然现象、名言警句、客观事实、真理、自然现象、名言警句、谚语等谚语等 一律用一般现在时一律用一般现在时 1.必须由必须由 a conjunction（连词）（连词） (that, whether, if, what) 来引导宾语从句来引导宾语从句.2

6、.从句必须为连词加从句必须为连词加陈述句陈述句的语序的语序.3.从句的从句的时态时态必须和主句保持一致。必须和主句保持一致。注意：He asked Why are you so happy ?Why you were so happy ?Am I taller than you? if/whether He askedHe taller than them. was1. Tom said. He is reading a book. 2. He asks me. Are they playing a game? 3. Where is the hospital? He told me. 4.W

7、ho bought the pen? He wondered.Tom said that he was reading a book.He asks me if/whether they are playing a game.He told me Where the Hospital was. He wondered who bought the pen.注意：特殊疑问词在句中作主语，变为宾语从句注意：特殊疑问词在句中作主语，变为宾语从句时语序不变（时态应作相应变化）。如：时语序不变（时态应作相应变化）。如： Who can answer the question？The teacher as

8、ked The teacher asked who could answer the question Whats wrong? What s the matter? Whats happening? What happened? Eg: I dont know whats the matter. Can you tell who is over there?Exercise1. The radio says it _cloudy tomorrow. (be)2. The headmaster hopes everything _well. (go)3. Tom says that they

9、_ (play) basketball at six o clock yesterday evening.4. I hear they _ (return) it already. 5. He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948. (be) 6. He asked what they _ at eight last night. （do) 7. The teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound. (travel) 8. I think you _ about the

10、relay race now. （talk) 9. I didnt know whom the letters _from. (be)1. I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow.2. I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow.3. The question is _ this book is worth writing.whether/ifwhetherwhether用用if 或或whether 填空填空1).whether和和if都可以引导宾语从句都可以引导宾语从句 a.当当whether后紧跟后紧跟or not时时,

11、不用不用if.eg: I dont know whether or not he will come. 注意：如果注意：如果or not放在放在whether所引导的从句句所引导的从句句尾，则可以用尾，则可以用if来替换。来替换。I dont know whether/if he will come or not. b.介词介词后面的宾语从句不能用后面的宾语从句不能用if. eg: I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.2.注意注意whether和和if的使用区别的使用区别c.在强调任意选择时在强调任意选择时,用用whetheror,此时此时不用不用

12、if替换替换whether。He asked me whether I wanted to go there by train or by bus.他问我是想乘火车还是坐公共汽车去那里。注：whether和or一起还有“不管”之意,引导让步状语从句。Whether he drives or takes the train, he will be here on time.不管开车来还是乘火车来，他都会准时到。d. 虽引导宾语从句，但为了强调宾语部分，也可把从句虽引导宾语从句，但为了强调宾语部分，也可把从句放在句首，此时只用放在句首，此时只用whether不用不用if。Whether he wi

13、ll come I am not sure. e. 句子中有句子中有if引导的条件句，如再有表示引导的条件句，如再有表示“是否是否”的宾语的宾语从句，用从句，用whether不用不用if。 He asked me whether Id move to New York if I got the job. f. 容易产生歧义时用容易产生歧义时用whether不用不用if来表示来表示“是否是否”。 Please let me know if you need help. 如果你需要帮助请告诉我。或：请告诉我你是否需要帮助。对比：Please let me know whether you need

14、 help.请告诉我你是否需要帮助。g. 如果宾语从句为否定句时，则只用如果宾语从句为否定句时，则只用if不用不用whether。I dont know if it wont rain tomorrow. 我不知道明天是不是会下雨。2).引导主语从句置于句首时，只能用引导主语从句置于句首时，只能用whether Eg. Whether he comes or not makes no difference. 3). Whether可以引导表语从句和同位语从可以引导表语从句和同位语从句，句，if不可以不可以4).用在动词不定式之前时用用在动词不定式之前时用whether不用不用if。 I don

15、t know whether to go there at once. 我不知道是不是该立刻去那里。 2).that在宾语从句中的省略与保留在宾语从句中的省略与保留a.在在主主+谓谓+it(形式宾语形式宾语)+宾补宾补+that 从句从句(真正真正宾语宾语) 的句型中的句型中不省略不省略. eg: We must make it clear that we mean what we say.b.由连词由连词and连接的两个由连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句中中,第二个第二个that 不省略不省略.eg: He told me（ that） he would come and t

16、hat he would come on time.c.当当that作介词作介词except, in等宾语时等宾语时They believe in that she must still be single.I know nothing about him except that he is living in Beijing.3. 若主句谓语动词为若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯意义，一般要

17、把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。定式。 Eg. I dont think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。 I dont think you are right. 我认为你是错的。 I dont believe you will finish the work today. 我认为你今天无法完成工作。4. 4. 连词连词+ +宾语从句宾语从句 连词连词+to do+to dovI dont know what I shall do next . I dont know what to do next .vShe didnt decide

18、 which one she would choose . She didnt decide which one to choose .vPlease tell me whom youll give the letter to . Please tell me whom to give the letter to .根据汉语提示，完成句子。根据汉语提示，完成句子。1.He says_._.( (他说他爸爸三天后回来他说他爸爸三天后回来) )2.Our teacher 2.Our teacher asksasks _ _._.( (昨天谁打碎了玻璃昨天谁打碎了玻璃) )3.Please tell

19、 me_._.( (他们正在谈论什么他们正在谈论什么) ) that his father will be back in three days who broke the window yesterdaywhat they aretalking aboutDifficulties 1.that/what That在在名词性从句中不充当从句任何成分名词性从句中不充当从句任何成分，但在但在定语从句中作主语、宾语定语从句中作主语、宾语。 what在在名词性从句名词性从句中充当中充当主语、宾语主语、宾语。 Eg, That he came late made the teacher angry. W

20、hat he said was true. The book（ that ）he gave me is red.2.Who/whoever/no matter who Who引导的名词性从句含有引导的名词性从句含有疑问意义疑问意义 Whoever不含有疑问意义不含有疑问意义=anyone who No matter who只能引导只能引导让步状语从句让步状语从句 Eg. Whoever broke the window should be punished. Whoever/no matter who broke the window, he should be punished. Who b

21、roke the window is still a question.1.The question is _ the film is worth seeing Aif Bwhat Cwhether Dhow 2.One of the men held the view _ the book said was right Athat what Bwhat that Cthat Dwhether 3.They received orders _ the work be done at once Awhich Bwhen C Dthat 4.Dr. Black comes from either

22、Oxford or Cambridge, I cant remember _. Awhere Bthere Cwhich Dthat 5.Energy is _ makes things work Awhat Beverything Csomething Danything 6.The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed A. why ; why B. why ; because C. why ; that D. that ; because 7.He doesnt think the question of _ they ar

23、e men or women is important A. whether B. if C. which D. why 8.He often thinks of _ he can do more for his country A. what B. how C. that D. which 9.It was ordered that all the soldiers _ to the front A. should send B. must be sent C. should be sent D. must go 10.Air is to us _ water is to fish A. i

24、s that B. what C. which D. that 学习宾从三注意，时态语序和连词。学习宾从三注意，时态语序和连词。 时态主从要呼应：时态主从要呼应： 主句若为现在时，从句时态随句意；主句若为现在时，从句时态随句意； 主句若为过去时，从句时态变过去；主句若为过去时，从句时态变过去； 宾从若是表真理，时态不变无质疑。宾从若是表真理，时态不变无质疑。 语序要用陈述序，切莫照搬疑问句。语序要用陈述序，切莫照搬疑问句。 That 连接陈述句，省与不省要注意。连接陈述句，省与不省要注意。 从句若表从句若表“是否是否”时，时，if/whether要慎记。要慎记。 特殊问句作宾语，仍用原来疑问词。特殊问句作宾语，仍用原来疑问词。 三个问题需牢记，切莫丢东忘了西。三个问题需牢记，切莫丢东忘了西。