[讲义]2016.3.27 李云老师 《新题型讲义》.doc

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1、考研英语新题型三大题型一个对策新题型三大题型 一个对策三大题型一个对策立足结构，承上启下一、三大题型1标题内容搭配题：一篇长度约500词的文章，有67段文字以及67个小标题。这些标题分别是对文中某一段落的概括、归纳或举例，要求考生将标题和各段内容一一搭配。2完形填句、段题：一篇长度为500600词的文章，其中有5段空白，文章后有67段文字。要求考生根据文章内容从这67段文字中选择能分别放入文章中5个空白处的5段。3排序题：一篇长度为500600词的文章，各段落的原有顺序被打乱。要求考生根据文章的逻辑思路将其重新排序。二、真题展示1标题内容搭配题2016 Part BDirections:Rea

2、d the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the A-G for each of the numbered paragraph (41-45). There are two extra subheadings. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)A Create a new image of yourselfB Have confidence in yourselfC Decide if t

3、he time is rightD Understood the contextE Work with professionalsF Make it efficientG Know your goalsNo matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you present yourself has an impact. This is especially true in first impressions. According to research from Princeton University, peopl

4、e assess your competence, trustworthiness, and like ability in just a tenth of a second, solely based on the way you look. The difference between todays workplace and the “dress for success” era is that the range of options is so much broader, Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red

5、 sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status; in others not so much. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like decade or two ago. Millennials, it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It c

6、an be confusing. So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to invest in an upgrade? And whats the best way to pull off one that enhances our goals? Here are some tips:41._ As an executive coach, Ive seen image upgrades be particularly helpful during transitions- when looking for a new job, ste

7、pping into a new or more public role, or changing work environments. If youre in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If youre not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues, and professionals. Look for cues about how others perceive you.

8、 Maybe theres no need for an upgrade and thats OK.42._ Get clear on what impact youre hoping to have . Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it?For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more app

9、roachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more “SoHo.” (Its OK to use characterizations like that.)43._ Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What convey status? Who are your

10、most important audiences? How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves? The better you understand the cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.44._ Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or u

11、se the free styling service of a store like J.Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend. Its not as expensive as you might think.45._ The point of a style upgrade isnt tobecome more vain or to spend more time fussing over wha

12、t to wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue . Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing at a time. 2完形填句、段题2012 Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences

13、 have been removed. For Questions 4145, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Think of those fleeting moments when you look out of an

14、 aeroplane window and realise that you are flying, higher than a bird. Now think of your laptop, thinner than a brown-paper envelope, or your cellphone in the palm of your hand. Take a moment or two to wonder at those marvels. You are the lucky inheritor of a dream come true. The second half of the

15、20th century saw a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labour to create a fabulous machine that could function as a typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre, paintbrush and gallery, piano and radio, the mail as well as the mail carrier. (41)_. The networked compu

16、ter is an amazing device, the first media machine that serves as the mode of production, means of distribution, site of reception, and place of praise and critique. The computer is the 21 st centurys culture machine. But for all the reasons there are to celebrate the computer, we must also tread wit

17、h caution. (42)_. I call it a secret war for two reasons. First, most people do not realise that there are strong commercial agendas at work to keep them in passive consumption mode. Second, the majority of people who use networked computers to upload are not even aware of the significance of what t

18、hey are doing. All animals download, but only a few upload. Beavers build dams, birds make nests. Yet for the most part, the animal kingdom moves through the world downloading. Humans are unique in their capacity to not only make tools but then turn around and use them to create superfluous material

19、 goodspaintings, sculpture and architectureand superfluous experiencesmusic, literature, religion and philosophy. (43)_. For all the possibilities of our new culture machines, most people are still stuck in download mode. Even after the advent of widespread social media, a pyramid of production rema

20、ins, with a small number of people uploading material, a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content, and a huge percentage remaining content to just consume. (44)_. Television is a one-way tap flowing into our homes. The hardest task that television asks of anyone is to turn the p

21、ower off after he has turned it on. (45)_. What counts as meaningful uploading? My definition revolves around the concept of “stickiness”creations and experiences to which others adhere. A Of course, it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be h

22、uman. Downloading and consuming culture requires great skills, but failing to move beyond downloading is to strip oneself of a defining constituent of humanity. B Applications like , which allow users to combine pictures, words and other media in creative ways and then share them, have the potential

23、 to add stickiness by amusing, entertaining and enlightening othersand engendering more of the same. C Not only did they develop such a device but by the turn of the millennium they had also managed to embed it in a worldwide system accessed by billions of people every day. D This is because the net

24、worked computer has sparked a secret war between downloading and uploadingbetween passive consumption and active creationwhose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine. E The challenge the computer mounts to television thus bears little similarity to one format b

25、eing replaced by another in the manner of record players being replaced by CD players. F One reason for the persistence of this pyramid of production is that for the past half-century, much of the worlds media culture has been defined by a single mediumtelevisionand television is defined by download

26、ing. G The networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to reverse the flow, to encourage thoughtful downloading and, even more importantly, meaningful uploading.3排序题2014 Part BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorgani

27、ze these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes.Paragraphs A and Ehave been correctly placed. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET (10 points)A Some archaeological sites have always been easily observablefor example, the Parthenon in A

28、thens, Greece, the pyramids of Giza in Egypt; and the megaliths of Stonehenge in southern England. But these sites are exceptions to the norm. Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching, while many others have been discovered by accident. Olduvai Gorge, an early homini

29、d site in Tanzania, was found by a butterfly hunter who literally fell into its deep valley in 1911. Thousands of Aztec artifacts came to light during the digging of the Mexico City subway in the1970s.B In another case, American archaeologists Ren Million and George Cowgill spent years systematicall

30、y mapping the entire city of Teotihuacan in the Valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City. At its peak around AD 600, this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world. The researchers mapped not only the citys vast and ornate ceremonial areas, but also hundreds of simpler apartmen

31、t complexes where common people lived.C How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there is nothing visible on the surface of the ground? Typically, they survey and sample (make test excavations on) large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield useful i

32、nformation. Surveys and test samples have also become important for understanding the larger landscapes that contain archaeological sites.D Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes. In one case, many researchers working around the ancient Maya city of Copan, Honduras, have lo

33、cated hundreds of small rural villages and individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot. The resulting settlement maps show how the distribution and density of the rural population around the city changed dramatically between AD 500 and 850, when Copan collapsed.E T

34、o find their sites, archaeologists today rely heavily on systematic survey methods and a variety of high-technology tools and techniques. Airborne technologies, such as different types of radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft, allow archaeologists to learn about what li

35、es beneath the ground without digging. Aerial surveys locate general areas of interest or larger buried features, such as ancient buildings or fields.F Most archaeological sites, however, are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them. Such searches can take years. British archae

36、ologist Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun existed from information found in other sites. Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the Kings for seven years before he located the tomb in 1922. In the late 1800s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evan combed antiq

37、ue dealers stores in Athens, Greece. He was searching for tiny engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC. Evanss interpretations of these engravings eventually led him to find the Minoan palace at Knossos (Knosss) on the island of Cre

38、te, in 1900.G Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful. Most ground surveys involve a lot of walking, looking for surface clues such as small fragments of pottery. They often include a certain amount of digging to test for buried materials at selected

39、points across a landscape. Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar, magnetic-field recording, and metal detectors. Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapes around sites. Two and three-dimensional maps are helpful tools in

40、planning excavations, illustrating how sites look, and presenting the results of archaeological research.41. A 42. E 43. 44. 45.2011 Part B(英语二) Directions:Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the marked details giv

41、en in the left column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points) Leading doctors today weigh in on the debate over the governments role in promoting public health by demanding that ministers impose “fat taxes” on unhealthy food and introduce cig

42、arette-style warnings to children about the dangers of a poor diet. The demands follow comments made last week by the health secretary, Andrew Lansley, who insisted the government could not force people to make healthy choices and promised to free businesses from public health regulations. But senio

43、r medical figures want to stop fast-food outlets opening near schools, restrict advertising of products high in fat, salt or sugar, and limit sponsorship of sports events by fast-food producers such as McDonalds. They argue that government action is necessary to curb Britains addiction to unhealthy

44、food and help halt spiraling rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. Professor Terence Stephenson, president of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, said that the consumption of unhealthy food should be seen to be just as damaging as smoking or excessive drinking. “Thirty years a

45、go, it would have been inconceivable to have imagined a ban on smoking in the workplace or in pubs, and yet that is what we have now. Are we willing to be just as courageous in respect of obesity? I would suggest that we should be,” said the leader of the UKs childrens doctors. Lansley has alarmed h

46、ealth campaigners by suggesting he wants industry rather than government to take the lead. He said that manufacturers of crisps and candies could play a central role in the Change 4 Life campaign, the centrepiece of government efforts to boost healthy eating and fitness. He has also criticised the c

47、elebrity chef Jamie Olivers high-profile attempt to improve school lunches in England as an example of how “lecturing” people was not the best way to change their behaviour. Stephenson suggested potential restrictions could include banning TV advertisements for foods high in fat, salt or sugar before 9 pm and limiting them on billboards or in cinemas.“If we were really bold, we might even begin to think of high-calorie fast food in the same way as cigarettesby setting strict limits on advertising, product placement and sponsorship of sports events,”he said. Such a move could affect firms