三级英语翻译资料.doc

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1、三级英语翻译资料一、比较级1这个电影比那个电影更让我喜欢。2我们将尽快地把技术资料寄给你们。3在这三本字典中，我认为第一本对我们最适用。4他的翻译水平并不是像我们想象的那样好。5对任何事情来说，有准备都比没有准备好。二、不定式1学习科学的最好方法之一是做实验。2下月在我校召开的国际会议一定会成功。3人们认识到如何使自己适应周围环境变得越来越重要了。4中国是世界上第一个造纸的国家。5将这些货物包装在结实的箱子内是必要的。三、定语从句1他说的一切似乎都有道理。2附近有什么地方我们可以买到邮票吗？3任何了解我国经济情况的人都知道发展农业的重要性。4这本小说是我曾经读过的最引人入胜的一本，而且是同类书

2、中最长的一本。5我们对他解决问题的方法很感兴趣。四、名词性从句1谁第一个被面试还没有确定。2我们何时开工并无关系。最重要的是我们必须做好准备。3计算机是如何工作的将在下一次课上做详细说明。4这家工厂只能供应我们所需要的30%。5她说的使我想起了自己的童年。五、状语从句1在老师再解释一遍后，同学们才听懂这个句子的意思。2因为我们住在海滨，所以能够享受到有益健康的气候。3尽管我们两家公司在商业上是竞争对手，但在许多方面存在共同利益。4他们对问题进行详细讨论后，达成了一致的意见。5他的讲演这样的精彩，因此人人都称赞他。六、分词1采用这个办法，我们提高了学习英语的效率。2由于英语考试只得了60分，她显

3、得很失望。3在实践中取得的经验将对我们的工作很有好处。4从今年上半年看，经济增长较快，形势令人鼓舞。5我们必须使我们的思想适应变化了的情况。七、被动语态1过去的10年中，经过共同努力，在我国的研究生教育方面取得了很大的进步。2大量的统计资料进行了编辑，以便随时可提取和解答。3随着车辆的增加，恐怕交通事故亦将增加。4你们应该在货物运到后立即付款。5在我国英语被看做是学习西方先进科学技术的一种工具。答案：一、比较级 1. I like this film much better than that one.2. We will send the technical data to you as s

4、oon as possible.3. Of the three dictionaries, I think the first one is the most suitable for us.4. His ability in translation is not so strong as we thought.5. It is better to be prepared than unprepared for everything.二、不定式1. One of the best ways to study science is to do experiments.2. The interna

5、tional conference to be held in our university next month is bound to be a success.3. It is becoming increasingly important for people to know how to adjust themselves to their surroundings.4. China is the first country in the world to make paper.5. It is necessary to pack the goods in strong boxes.

6、三、定语从句1. Everything he said seems reasonable.2. Is there any place around where we can buy some stamps?3. Anyone who understands the economic conditions in our country knows the importance of the development of agriculture.4. This novel is the most fascinating one I have ever read and the longest of

7、 its kind.5. We are interested in the way by which he solved the problems.四、名词性从句1. Who will be the first to be interviewed has not been decided yet.2. When we start doesnt matter. The most important thing is that we should make good preparations for it.3. How a computer works will be explained in d

8、etail at the next lecture.4. This factory can only supply thirty percent of what we need.5. What she said makes me think of my own childhood.五、状语从句1. Only after the teacher explained it a second time did the students understand the meaning of the sentence.2. Since we live near the sea, we enjoy a he

9、althy climate.3. Although both our companies are business competitors, we share common interests in many areas.4. After they discussed the matter in detail, they came to an understanding.5. He made such a wonderful speech that everyone spoke highly of him.六、分词1. Adopting this method, we have improve

10、d our efficiency in English learning.2. She looked rather disappointed because she got only 60 points in the English test.3. The experience gained in practice will be of great value to our work.4. In the first half year, economy has increased rapidly, and the situation is encouraging.5. We must adap

11、t our thinking to the changed conditions.七、被动语态1. Over the past ten years, with joint efforts a big progress has been made in graduate education in China.2. A large amount of statistical data have been compiled so that they can be drawn and answered at any time.3. As the number of vehicles increases

12、, it is feared that the number of traffic accidents will be increased, too.4. You should make the payment right after the goods are delivered.5. In our country English is regarded as a tool by which we can learn advanced science and technology from Western countries. 英语动词时态 英语动词时态（TENSES） 英语时态是英语语法中

13、的第一道难关，攻下此关是阅读之关键。汉语用不同词表达相应时态，而英语用同一词的确不同变化形式表达时态。一、英语各种时态构成表；以play为例；一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态现在 play is has hasplays am playing have played have been playing过去 played was had played had beed playing were playing将来 shall shall shall shallwill play will be piaying will have playd will have been playing

14、过去 should should should should将来 would play would be playing would have played would have been playing二、一般现在时；、构成；使用动词原形，第三人称单数须有变化。（）直接加“s”，workstakes（）以辅音加“y”结尾，变“y”为“i”，再加“es”carrycarries（3）以“o，s，ch，h”结尾的动词加“es”goes dresses watches brushes2功能；（表现在的事实，状态或动作；eg； Birds fly。 She loves musicMarys pare

15、nts get up very early（）表示习惯动作或职业，常与often，sometimes，usually，always，every week，seldom，occasionally，frequently等时间副词连用。eg；I always take a walk after supper。She writes to me very oftenTom and his girlfriend go out to take apicnic occasionally。（表客观真理，格言警句或事实；The earth moves round the sun。The sun rises in

16、the east and sets in west。Two and twomakes foMMur。No man but errs。人非圣贤，孰能无过。（表将来；A 在由when，after，befors，as，as soon as，although，because，if，even if，in case，till ，until，unless，so long as，where，whatever，wherever等引导的状语从句中用一般现在时表将来发生的动作。（黄金重点，所有考试都不放过它！）例如Ill tell her when she comes tomorrowEven if it rain

17、s this afternoon，Ill meet you。Whatever happens，you should keep cool-headed（不错的句型，背下！）Ill be right here waiting for you wherever you go。（很感人的句型！）B按时间表示将要发生的动作或事件，用一般现在时表达将来时概念。The play begins at 6；30 this evening。When does the plane take off？He leaves for that city next week。According to the timetabl

18、e，the express train to Shanghai starts at nine in the morning（按照时刻表，开往上海的特快列车早上7点出发。）二现在进行时；is、am、are+现在分词、表示现在正在进行的动作。如The kettle is boiling。Shall Imake ted？Dont you think you eat too much？Youre putting on weight（体重增加）。The workers are building a new bridge across the river。2表现阶段正进行的动作。He istaking p

19、hysics this semester（本学期）。We are preparing for our final examination this week。3、go，come，leave，arrive，land，meet，die，start，return，join，etc。用于进行时态时表示即将开始的动作。Look！The bus is coming。看！车来了！The old man is seriously ill，and he is dying。Alice is leaving for Beijing with her mother。4、与always，forever，continua

20、lly，constantly等副词连用，表示说话人带有感情色彩；赞赏或厌恶。 He is always thinking of others（他总是想着别人。） The boy is continually making noises（这男孩不断地发出吵闹声。） The teacher is constantly （always）critizing her for being late（老师一直在批评她迟到。）5、下面表示状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时。此条戒律背10遍！） believe（相信） doubt（怀疑） see（看见） hear（听见） know（知道） unde

21、rstand（理解） belong（属于） think（认为） consider（认为） feel（觉得） look（看起来） seem（看上去） show（显示） mind（介意） have（有） sound（听起来） taste（尝起来） require（要求） possess（拥有） care（关心） like（喜欢） hate（讨厌） love（喜爱） detest（憎恨） desire（意欲）简单记忆永远不要说Im believing。或He is seeing a house。再简单一点说，这些动词后面不要随意加ing。可怕的是；我们在写作及口语中常犯此类大错！注意；have a

22、party|think about可以用进行时，因为这里have意为“举行”；think意为“考虑”三一般过去时。定义动词的过去试：表示过去某个特定时间或一段时间发生的动作或情况。We visited the school last spring。I went to school by bike when I was in middle school。China was rounded in 1949。、在表示时间或条件等的状语从句中代替过去将来时（参考）She told me that she would not go with us if it rained the next day。Th

23、ey would not leave until she came back。My fyiend promised to marry me once she made her final decision。、一般过去时，现在时和过去时的几组差异；（别以为很简单，下面的差异你不一定明白。）Her brother was a chemist。（已去世）Her brother is a chemist（尚健在）Thats all I had to say（话已说完）Thats all I have to say（言之未尽）It was so nice to see you（离别时用）It is so

24、 nice to see you（见面时用）Jane did a lot of work this morning（已是当天下午或晚上）Jane has done a lot of work this morning（仍是上午）四、过去进行时；were|was+现在分词、表示过去某一时刻或阶段正在发生的动作。I was playing chess at 8 yesterday evening。When I arrived ，they were watching TV。They were dong housework this time last week。、用于条件状语从句中表示过去将来进行的

25、动作。She told me to wake him up if she was sleeping。I asked my friend to warn me about it as long as I was driving too fast、过去某时将发生的事。They told me that they were leaving for New York。He was going out when I arrived。五、现在完成时；have|has+过去分词表示过去所发生的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果。常与yet，just，before，recently（最近）ever，never等表示

26、时间的副词搭配使用。He hasnt seen her her lately。I havent finished the book yet。、表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在并可能持续下去的动作，常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。如；so far（迄今为止），up till now（直到现在），since，for a long time（很长时间），up to present（直到现在），in the past|in the last few years（在过去的几年里），these days（目前）He has worked here for 15 years。I have studie

27、d English since I came here。The foreigner has been away from China a long time。So far，I havent received a single letter from my brother。、某些非延续性动词（即；动作开始便终止的动词），在现在完成时中不能与表示一段时间状语搭配。 黄金要点；A、常见的非延续动词；die，arrive（到达），join（加入），leave（离开），go，refuse（拒绝），fail（失败），finish，buy，marry，divorce（离婚），awake（醒），buy，bor

28、row，lend（全部会背）。B、这类动词并非不能用现在完成时，而是不能按常由for引导的时间状语。C、若是用在否定句中，非延续动词的现在完成时可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。She has qone away for a month。（误）She has been away for a month。（正）The man has died for two years。（误）The man has been dead for two years（正）How long have you bought the book？（误）How long have you qot the book，（正）、注意s

29、ince的用法；They havent had any trouble since they came here。It has been ten years since we met last time。He has been here since 1980。He has been here since ten years age。、几组对比；He has gone to Shanghai（他到上海去了）He has been to Shanghai（他去过上海）。She has gone。（她已经走了）。She is gone（or她死了）The door has been closed（门

30、关上了。表动作）。The door is closed（门是关着的。表状态）。六、现在完成进行时；have|has+been+现在分词、表示从过去某时开始发生，一直延续到现在且可能延续下去的动作（一定要理解这个定义）Ive been waiting for an hour but she hasnt come。He has been running after her for 8 years。（run after；追求）、表示某种感情色彩。Ive been wanting to see you for so many years。Whos been telling you such nonse

31、cse。解惑要点；现在完成时与现在完成进行时的对比；现在完成时强调结果，而完成进行时强调动作的延续。I have thought of it。（我已经想到了一点）I have been thinking of it。（我一直在想这一点）Jim has painted the door。（杰姆已将门油漆过了）Jim has been painting the door。（杰姆一直在油漆门）七、过去完成时；had+过去分词、表示过去某个动作或某个具体时间之前已经发生，完成的动作。“过去的过去。”They had got evenything ready before I came。The play

32、 had begun before I got to the 1theater with my boyfriend。、过去完成时常用于hardly|scarcelhen，no sooner。than等固定句型结构中*（意思为；“一。就”为重点句型）。She had hardly|scarcely gone to bed when the bell rang.No sooner had he arrived at the railway station than he met her parents.(no sooner在句首时句型倒装。)3、intend（打算），mean（意味），hope（希

33、望） want（想要） plan（计划）等动词的过去完成时用来表示本打算做而没有做的事。 I had intended to call on you yesterday ，but someone came to see me just when I was about to leave（原想昨天去看你）They had planed to hold a football match last week ，but they had to cancel it because the bad weathe（原计划上周举行一场足球赛）八、一般将来时；shall|will+动词原型表示将要发生的动作或存

34、在的状态。He will graduate form the college next year。We shall finish our work as quickly as possible。将来时的其它结构（一定要背下！）. A。be going to do something 。打算做某事（美国口语中常作be gonna）Im going to do buy a new coat this fall。（be going to 与will的对比；下列情况须用will）Ill be sixteen years old next year。It will be the 20th of Augu

35、st tomorrow。When he comes ，Iwill give him your message。B、be+to do sth。表示计划安排做某事或用来征求意见。 Am I to take over his work ？ We are to meet at the gate。C、be about to do sth即将做某事。 The talk is about to begin。、重点补充；be on the point of doint sth。正要做某事set out to do sth 着手做某事set about doing sth开始做谋事九、过去将来时；should|

36、would+动词原形表示从过去某个时刻看将要发生的动作或状态。 He said that they would meet me at the station此用法常用于间接引语中。十过去完成进行时；had been+现在分词表示过去某个时间之前一直在进行的动作。 She said that she had been typing a paper before I came in。比较； The girl had cleaned up room，so it was tidy。 The girl had been clearing up the room ，so we had to wait ou

37、tside。十一、将来进行时；shall|will be+分词 。表示将来某个时刻正在进行的动作； What will you be doing this time tomorrow？比较； Tom wont cut the grass because he is afraid of being tired（说明意图） Tom wont be cutting the grass（无意图、仅陈述事实）用将来进行时询问别人的计划、打算比用一般将来时更显得有礼貌。 Will you be having supper with us this evening？将来进行时表示对即将发生的动作的推测。 S

38、he will be arriving at Shanghai tomorrow morning。 The car will be going at the speed of 100 miles an hour。十二、过去将来进行时；should|would be+现在表示从过去某时看将来某时正在进行的动作。 He asked me what I should be doing when he came the next day。十三、将来完成时；shall|will have+现在分词表示将来某时之前已经完成的动作。They will have been here for 5 years n

39、ext Friday。By the end of next term ，the students will have finished the book。十四、过去将来完成时；would|should have+过去分词表示从过去某个时间看将来某时之前已经完成的动作。He said that they would have arrived by seven oclock。十五、将来完成进行时；shall|will have been+现在分词表示某一动作将继续到将来某时，且该动作此时尚未发生。We shall have been staying here four weeks when Tom

40、 arrives。It will have been raining ror a week if it does not stop tomorrow。 （此句型太复杂，人们很少用它，了解就行） 名词（Nouns）（一）名词变复数；1、规则名词复数形式； 在单数名词后面加“s” daydays weekweeks在以o，s，x，ch，sh结尾的名词后加“es”。heroheroes boxboxes classclasses bushbushes watchwatches、黄金重点；A、有些以o结尾的外来词或缩略词的复数形式只加“S”B、以元音字母加O结尾的单词只加“s”（不认识的单词，快查字典

41、，懒惰是学英语的天敌。）piano，photo，zero，radio，bamboo，tobacco，solo，cuckoo，dynamo，cameo，soprano。教你一招如果以o结尾的名词有生命力，则该词汇一般加-es。Hero，tomato，potato，Negro（黑人）简记；黑人英雄吃西红柿马铃薯。以辅音加y结尾的名词变y为I再加“es”familyfamiliescitycities、y前面是元音字母只加“S”keykeys boyboys playplays toytoys、以f，fe结尾的名词，变f|fe为v 加escalfcalves knifeknives重点之重点；A、下

42、列名词直接加“S”（一定要全部会背，读音要准！）roof（房顶） reef（暗礁） chief（首领） cliff（悬崖） grief（悲痛） turf（草皮） belief（信仰） gulf（港湾） dwarf（侏儒） safe（保险箱） sheriff（长官） tariff（关税）B、scarf（头巾） whart（码头） staff（全体职员） handkerchief（手帕） hoof（蹄）既可直接加“s”，又可变f为v加es。二不规则名词复数形式； 1、 footfeet mousemice goosegeese childchildren louselicewomanwomen m

43、anmen、单复数同形；sheep，deer，fish，means，Chinese，Japanese，Swiss，works，barracks（兵营）bellows（风箱），kennels（狗窝）、一些英语外来词的复杂数形式；crisiscrises危机 analysisanalyses分析 oasisoases绿洲parenthesisparentheses括号 ellipsisellipses假定 synopsissynopses内容提要erratumerrata勘误误表 addendunaddenda补遗、附录 mediummedia媒体(以上单词熟悉即可)三、复合名词复数形式；、中间没

44、有连字符的合成名词在词尾变复数；bookshelfbookshelves handfulhandfuls、man和 woman构成的复合名词，二者均变为复数。Man servantmen servants woman teacherwomen teachers、中间有连字符的合成词，在主体词（中心意义的词）末尾变为复数。Sister-in-lawsister-in-law looker-onlookers-on editor-in-chiefeditors-in-chief、下列合成名词在后一个词上变化；sit-insit-ins grown-upgrown-ups stand-bystant

45、-bystouch-me-nottouch-me-nots go-betweengo-betweens四、名词所有格、在大多数名词末加“s”the boys toy，mens work、以S结尾的复数名词直接加“”the students reading room、以s结尾的单数名词加“”。Dickensnovels the actressperformance合成名词在最后一个词上加“s”。her brother-in-laws piano。Somebody elses books（重要！） 金牌重点；除用于有生命的人外，“s”格还可用于度量衡地域、天体及一些习语中；an hours drive， a miles journey， ten pounds weight， Beijings weatherthe earths surface a stones throw投石之距离 at ones wits end智穷计尽to ones hearts content尽情地 by a hairs breadth千钧一发 at a snails pace缓