2022年人教版新目标八年级英语上册-单元知识点总结 .pdf

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1、新目标八年级英语上册第一单元Unit 1.How often do you exercise? I. 重点短语归纳：on weekends 在周末1. go to the movies 去看电影2. look after=take care of 照顾3. surf the internet 上网4. healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式5. go skateboarding 去滑滑板watch TV 看电视6. keep healthy=stay healthy = keep in good health 保持健康keep + 形容词 表保持某种状态do some readin

2、g 阅读7. exercise= take/do (much) exercise=do sports锻炼8. eating habits 饮食习惯9. take more exercise 做更多的运动10. the same as 与什么相同11. once a month一月一次12. be different from 不同13. twice a week一周两次 .three times a week一周三次14. make a difference to 对什么有影响As teachers, you must believe that you can make a differenc

3、e to the lives of your students. 身为教师，你们必须坚信你们能够影响学生的一生。A false step will make a great difference to my future. 错走一步对我的前程来说会产生很大影响。15. how often 多久一次，询问动作发生的频率how many times 多少次 ，用来提问做某事的次数16. although=though虽然 Although he is old, he is quite strong.(He is old, but he is quite strong.) 句子中，有 althoug

4、h或 though就不可再用 but ，但可用 yet 或 still“仍然，还”；有 because就不能再用 so. 17. most of the students=most students大多数学生18. shop=go shopping=do some shopping 购物19. as for 至于名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 25 页 - - - - - - - - - 20. activity survey活动调查21. do home

5、work做家庭作业22. do house work做家务事23. eat less meat吃更少的肉24. junk food垃圾食物25. be good for 对什么有益26. be bad for对什么有害27. want to do sth 想做某事28. want sb to do sth想某人做某事29. try to do sth 尽量做某事30. come home from school放学回家31. of course=certainly=sure当然32. get good grades取得好成绩33. some advice 一些建议some advice 中的

6、advice 是不可数名词a piece of advice 一则建议give advice 提出建议take one s advice 采纳或听从某人的建议4. help sb to do sth帮助某人做某事 =help sb with sth 35. a lot of vegetables=many vegetables许多蔬菜36. hardly= almost not几乎不 hardly ever很少，几乎不，从不37. keep/be in good health保持健康38. your favorite program你最喜欢的节目39. Animal World 动物世界40.

7、 play soccer踢足球41.every day 每天every day 与 everyday 1. every day 作状语，译为“每一天”。如：We go to school at 7:10 every day. 我们每天 7：10 去上学。I decide to read English every day. 我决定每天读英语。2. everyday 作定语，译为“日常的”。She watches everyday English on TV after dinner. 她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语。Whats your everyday activity? 你的日常活动是什么？4

8、2.once or twice a week 每周一两次名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 25 页 - - - - - - - - - 43. three or four times a week 每周三四次44. at Green High School 在格林高中45. all students 所有的学生46. most students 大多数学生47. some students 一些学生48. no students 没有学生49.the res

9、ult of a survey 调查结果50.the result for “ watch TV”“看电视”的调查结果51. improve your English 提高你的英语52. drink milk 喝牛奶53. pretty healthy 相当健康pretty adv. 相当，非常Pretty （用作副词时）=rather=very=quite 非常，相当54. kind of = a little 有点I think I m kind of unhealthy.我想我有点不健康。二. 重点句子：1.How often do you exercise? 你（你们）多久锻炼一次身体

10、？How often + 助动词 do(does或 did) + 主语 + do sth.? 疑问词 how often是问频率 (多久一次 ),（在这里助动词do(does或 did) 是起帮助构成疑问的作用）与一般现在时或一般过去时连用，回答一般是用表示频率的副词，如：once, twice, three times , sometimes, often, quite, often, never, every day, once a week , twice a month , three times a month , three or four times a month等。How o

11、ften do you go to the factory? Twice a week. 你们多久到工厂去一次？每星期两次。“ How often does he go shopping?” “ He goes shopping once a month.”2“ What do you usually do on weekends?” “ I usually play soccer.”“周末你通常做什么？”“我通常踢足球。”第一个 do 为助动词 , 在这起帮助构成疑问的作用；而第二个do 则是实义动词。翻译：What do you usually do on weekends? I ofte

12、n go to the movies. What does she usually do on weekends? She sometimes go hiking3. “ What s your favorite program?” “ It s Animal World.”“你最喜欢什么节目？”“动物世界。”4. As for homework , most students do homework every day . as for. 意思是“至于；关于”，常用于句首作状语，其后跟名词、代词或动词的-ing形式（即动名词）。如：As for him，I never want to see

13、 him here. 至于他，我永远不希望在这里见到。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 25 页 - - - - - - - - - As for the story，youd better not believe it. 关于那故事，你最好不要相信。至于我自己，我现在不想去。As for myself, I don t want to go now.至于那个人，我什么都不知道。As for the man, I know nothing about him

14、. 5. Mom wants me to get up at 6:00 and play ping-pong with her want to do sth. 意思是“想要做某事”；want sb. to do sth.意思是“想要某人做某事”。如：Do you want to go to the movies with me？你想和我一起去看电影吗？The teacher doesnt want us to eat hamburgers.老师不想让我们吃汉堡包。有很多动词后面用这种结构做动词的复合宾语ask sb. to do sth. 叫某人做某事tell sb. to do sth. 告

15、诉某人去做某事help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事6. She says it s good for my health. be good for.表示“对有益（有好处）”; 其反义为：be bad for. 。（这里for 是介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词）如：Its good for us to do more reading. 多读书对我们有好处。Reading in bed is bad for your eyes.在床上读书对你的眼睛有害。7. How many hours do you sleep every night? 8. I exercise every

16、 day , usually when I come home from school . 9. My eating habits are pretty good . 这里 pretty相当于 very 。10.I try to eat a lot of vegetables , usually ten to eleven times a week . try to do sth.表示“ 尽力做某事 ” ，不包含是否成功的意思而try doing sth.表示“（用某一办法）试着去做某事”。如: You d better try doing the experiment in another

17、way.你最好试试用另一种方法做这个试验。11. My healthy lifestyle helps me get good grades. help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人做某事12. Good food and exercise help me to study better. 这里 better是 well 的比较级，而不是good 的比较级13.Is her lifestyle the same as yours or different? Is her lifestyle the same as your lifestyle or is her lifestyle

18、different from yours? be the same as / be different from 14. What sports do you play ? 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 25 页 - - - - - - - - - 15. A lot of vegetables help you to keep in good health . keep in good health = keep healthy = stay heal

19、thy 16. You must try to eat less meat . try to do sth.表示“ 尽力做某事 ” , 不包含是否成功的意思 ,less 是 little 的比较级17. That sounds interesting. 这是“主语 +系动词 + 表语”结构的简单句。 sound （听起来）， look （看起来），smell （闻起来）， taste （尝起来）， feel （觉得）， seem （好象）， grow （变得）,get （变得）等词在英语中可用作系动词，后跟形容词作表语。如：It tastes good. 这味道好。The music soun

20、ds very sweet. 这音乐听起来很入耳。The smoke grew heavier and heavier. 烟雾变得越来越浓了。18. I think I m kind of unhealthy.我想我有点不健康。kind of = a little a kind of 一种三知识结构1. 注意 sometimes与几个形似的词的区别。(1) sometime是副词，意为“在某个时候”，“某时”Will you come again sometime next week? (2) some time是名词词组，意为“一段时间”，做时间状语用I will stay here for

21、 some time.我将在这呆一段时间。(3) some times是名词词组，意为“几次，几倍”I met him some times in the street last month. 上个月我在街上遇到他好几次了。（4）sometimes 是频度副词，意为“有时”He sometimes goes skateboarding on weekends. 他有时周末去滑滑板。2 time意为“时间”时，为不可数名词。意为“次数，倍数”时，为可数名词，What time is it? I go to the movies three times a week. 注意“次数”的表达方法一次

22、once ， 两次 twice ，三次或三次以上用基数词加上times ：three times、five times 、one hundred times. 表示“几次”的表达方法是：名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 25 页 - - - - - - - - - once a day/ a week/ a month/ a year twice a day/ a week/ a month/ a year 3 same 与 different1.same

23、指“相同的”，前面通常要有一个定冠词the ，但是如果 same 前面已经有this ，those等词，就不能再与the 连用了。 如：We are in the same class. 我们在同一个班级。结构：the same as 与.一样如：His mark is the same as mine. 他的分数和我的分数一样。2.different译为“不同的”，其后的可数名词应为复数形式。如：We are in different classes. 我们在不同的班级。结构： be different from 与.不同如：This sweater is different from th

24、at one. 这件毛衣与那一件不同。different的名词形式为 difference, 复数形式为 differences 。4hard / hardlyhard: hard 既可作形容词，也可作副词。adj. 辛苦的，困难的adv. 努力，使劲地He had a hard (adj.)time in the past. Its a hard (adj.) question. (=difficult) 这是一个难的问题。The boy studies very hard (adv.). 那男孩学习非常努力He works hard. 他努力工作。句子结构 ：Its hard for sb

25、 to do sth做某事对某人来说是难的。如：Its hard for him to finish the work. 完成那项工作对他来说很难。注意区分： hard work 困难的工作work hard 努力工作hardly是频度副词，表示否定的意思。（=almost not）通常用在形容词、副词和动词之前。 hardly: adv. 几乎不，简直不I can hardly see it. 我几乎看不到它。He hardly works. 他几乎不工作。It hardly rains here, does it? 5how often / how long / how soon / ho

26、w farhow often: “隔多久一次”，指动作的频率，答语常用often, never, twice a week等表示频率的副词或短语。（用于一般现在时或一般过去时）How often do you go to the movies? Once a week. / I never go to the movies. how long:1) “（延续）多长时间”，回答用for 时间段或 since 时间点。（用于各种时态）； 2) 询问物体的长度。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - -

27、- - - - 第 6 页，共 25 页 - - - - - - - - - How long is the Yellow River? How long have you learned English? I have learned it for 5 years. I have learned it since 5 years ago. how soon: “还要多久才，多久以后”，答语常用“in 时间段”。（用于一般将来时）How soon will she come back? She ll come back in an hour. how far: “多远”，询问距离。Can yo

28、u tell me how far it is from here to your home? How far is it from your home to our school? It s 2 kilometers away. 人教新目标八年级英语上册Unit 2 what s the matter?一重点短语归纳1. foot-feet 脚 tooth-teeth 牙齿 2. have a cold 感冒3. have a stomachache 胃疼4. have a sore back背疼5. have a sore throat喉咙疼6. have a fever发烧7. lie

29、down and (have a)rest 躺下休息have a rest 休息8. hot tea with honey 加蜜的热茶9. see a dentist 看牙医see a doctor 看医生10.drink lots of water多喝水11.lots of ,a lot of, a lot a lot of=lots of，可以修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词，一般用在肯定句中。：There are lots of （ a lot of ） books in our library. There is a lot of water on the ground a lot, 是一

30、个副词词组，跟动词连用；表示十分，很等意思；Thanks a lot. 12. have a toothache牙疼13. That s a good idea 好主意名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 25 页 - - - - - - - - - 14. go to bed 去睡觉 go to bed early 早上床睡觉15. feel well感到好 feel ill 感到不舒服I don t feel well= I m not feeling we

31、ll我感觉不舒服 . 16. start doing/ to do sth开始做某事TO DO 是一件事情完成了，开始做另外一件事情DOING 是原来的那件事情做到一半，现在又开始做了，是同一件事情。17. two days ago两天前18. get some rest 多休息 , 休息一会儿19. I think so我认为是这样20. be thirsty口渴21. be hungry 饥饿22. be stressed out紧张23. listen to music听音乐24. healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式25. traditional Chinese docto

32、rs传统中医26. need to do sth 需要做某事I have a toothache. I need to see a dentist. 我牙痛 , 我需要去看牙医 . We need to keep our classroom clean. 我们需要保持教室的干净 . 27. a balance of yin and yang阴阳平衡28. for example例如29. too much yin太多的阴 , 阴气太盛too much + 不可数名词太多的much too +形/ 副实在太 极其，非常too many + 可数名词复数 太多的30.be good for sth

33、./ doing sth. 对什么有益，对什么有好处be bad for sth./ doing sth. 对什么有害be good to 对好be good at =do well in 在方面好，擅长be good(bad) for、be good at的相关用法1.be good for 对.有益Doing morning exercises is good for your health. 做早操对你们的建康有益。2.be good at 擅长于. Li Ping is good at basketball. 李平擅长于篮球。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - -

34、 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 8 页，共 25 页 - - - - - - - - - = Li Ping is good at playing basketball. 李平擅长于打篮球。be good at = do well in 如：Im good at math. = I do well in math. 我擅长于数学。3.be good to 对.好Parents are always good to their children.父母亲总是对他们的孩子好。31.get good grades 取得好成绩32.an

35、gry 用法 be angry with sb生某人的气I was angry with him for keeping me waiting.我对他很生气，因为他让我等了好久。be angry at/ about sth 就某事生气33.Chinese medicine 中药34.be popular in + some place 在某地很流行 Chinese medicine is now popular in many western countries. 现在中药在许多西方国家受欢迎。35.in western countries在西方国家36.It s easy to do sth

36、做某事是容易的。It s important to do sth . 做某事很重要。37.balanced diet平衡饮食38.get tired 感到疲倦be/get tired 39.go out at night在晚上出去When you are tired, you shouldn t go out at night. 疲倦时，晚上你不该外出40.stay healthy 保持健康=keep healthy=keep in good health 41.at the moment此时，此刻 = now I m not feeling very well at the moment42

37、.enjoy sth. =like sth. (名词)喜欢某物 , enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事 =like dong sth enjoy oneself (myself, yourself,herself, himself, themselves, ourselves, itself 反身代词 ) 玩得高兴，过得愉快 =have a good time = have a wonderful time =have fun 43. conversation practice会话练习44. host family 寄宿家庭45. have a lot of headaches经常疼痛

38、I m tired and I have a lot of headaches.我很疲劳，而且经常头痛。46. a few + 可数名词复数少许名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 9 页，共 25 页 - - - - - - - - - a little + 不可数名词 / 形/副一点47.He shouldn t eat anything=He should eat nothing. 他不应当吃任何东西 . 48.give sb some advice给某人建议 giv

39、e advice 提出建议advice 是不可数名词 a piece of advice 一则建议 take one s advice 采纳或听从某人的建议He gave me some good advice.他向我提了一些很好的意见。49.sleep 8 hours a night每晚睡眠八小时50.take medicine 吃药 服药I have to take medicine three times a day for my cold.因为感冒，我不得不一天吃三次药。二 固定结构It s + 形 + for sb. + to do sth. 做某事对某人来说是的。It s impo

40、rtant to do sth .做某事很重要。It s important for me to eat a balanced diet.平衡饮食对我来说是很重要的. It s easy to do sth 做某事是容易的。It s easy for us to find out the answer.找出答案对我们来说是容易的三重点句子1.What s the matter ? What s the mater with you ? 你怎么啦？=What s the trouble with you?=What s wrong with you?I have a cold / have a

41、sore back / have a stomachache 2.That s too bad. You should / shouldnt那太糟糕了 . 你应该 /不该You should lie down and rest / drink hot tea with honey / see a dentist / see a doctor . He shouldn t eat anything = He should eat nothing.他不应当吃任何东西 . 3.I m not felling well . 这里 well 表示身体状况，不能用good代替I don t feel we

42、ll= I m not feeling well 我感觉不舒服 . 4.When did it start ? About two days ago . 什么时候开始的？大约两天前5.I hope you fell better soon . 我希望你很快好起来这里 better是 well 的比较级名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 10 页，共 25 页 - - - - - - - - - 6.Traditional Chinese doctors believe w

43、e need a balance of yin and yang to be healthy. 传统中医认为我们需要阴阳调和以保持身体健康。这里 to be healthy是动词不定式短语，作目的状语7.You should eat hot yang foods, like beef. 你应该吃一些像牛肉之类的阳性食物。8.Eating Dangshen and Huangqi herbs is also good for this. 吃党参和黄芪等草本植物也对这有好处。9.People who are too stressed out and angry may have too much

44、yang. 太紧张易怒的人或许吃了太多的阳性食物。too much后跟不可数名词，而too many 后跟可数名词复数10.It s easy to have a healthy lifestyle ,and it s important to eat a balanced diet . 有一个健康的生活方式很容易，饮食平衡是很重要的。 It s easy to do sth . 做某事容易/ It s important to do sth . 做某事重要11.You should rest for a few nights. 你应该休息几个晚上12.I study late every n

45、ight, sometimes until2 am, but I don t think I m improving. 我每天晚上学到很晚，有时到凌晨2 点钟，但我认为我没有提高。13believe in 信任某人，强调品质， believe sb. 相信某人的话I believe him, but I can t believe in him.他的话是真的，但是我不信任他这个人。14 .I have a toothache . I need to see a dentist . need 意思为 “需要” ，作实义动词时，后跟动词不定式，否定式为don t /doesn t / didn t

46、 need (to do sth.) ；作情态动词时，只能用于否定句或疑问句中，否定式为 needn t(do sth.) ，除有过去式外，没有其它的形态变化四知识结构1.情态动词 should的用法should是情态动词，它的基本用法是必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化，意为 应该.。should （应当，应该）用于所有人称，表示劝告或建议。eg. You should wait a little more. 你应该再多等一会儿。- I have a very bad cold.我感冒很厉害。- You should lie down and have a rest.你应

47、该躺下，多喝水。2maybe与 may be 1.maybe 是副词，译为“也许、可能”，相当于“perhaps”。如：名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 11 页，共 25 页 - - - - - - - - - Maybe he can answer the question. 也许他能回答那个问题。He maybe is from the USA, too. 他可能也来自美国。2.may be中的 may 为情态动词，译为“可能是.”。如：He may be fro

48、m the USA, too. 他可能也来自美国。She may be our English teacher. 她可能是我们的英语老师3too many,too much与 much too 1.too many意为“太多”，用于修饰可数名词的复数。如：There are too many students in our class. 我们班上有太多的学生。2.too much意为“太多”，用于修饰不可数名词。如：We have too much work to do. 我们有太多的工作要做。3.much too表示“太”，用来修饰形容词或副词。如：The box is much too h

49、eavy, so I cant carry it. 箱子太重了，所以我搬不动它。4 few 、a few 、little 、a little的区别和联系：1.few / a few用来修饰可数名词， few 表示否定意义，没有，几乎没有；a few 表示有肯定意思，有几个。例如：He has few friends here, he feels lonely. 他这里没朋友，他感觉寂寞。There are a few eggs in the basket.篮子里有几个鸡蛋。2.little / a little用来修饰不可数名词， little 表示否定意思，没有，几乎没有。a little

50、表示肯定意思，有一点儿。例如：There is little ink in my bottle, can you give me a little ink? 我的瓶子里没有墨水了，你能给我点儿墨水吗？5 not until直到 ( 否定句 ) 才，动词为短暂性或瞬间性动词She didn t leave until we came.He went shopping after he got up. =He didn t go shopping until /before he got up. until/till直到 （肯定句）动词为延续性动词We stayed here till/until