2022年高中英语定语从句复习导学案 .pdf

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1、定 语 从 句 复 习 导 学 案一定义：用来修饰或限制主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可以是整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。二. 类别：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句二者的基本区别：_ _ _ 三： 定语从句中关系词的三大功能作用关系词连接作用替代先行词在从句中充当某一成分关系代词who人主语（在口语中亦可作宾语/表语）whom人宾语（在口语中可用who 代，但在介词后只能用此词）whose人/ 物定语（可用of + which 取代）which物 / 句子主语/ 宾语 / 表语that人 / 物主语/ 宾语 / 表语as人/物/句子主语/ 宾语 / 表语关系副词whe

2、n时间名词时间状语（可用“介词+which ” 取代）where地点名词地点状语（可用“介词+which ” 取代）whythe reason原因状语（可用“for + which ” 取代）四：常见考点：（一） .指物时只用 that 或 which 的情况（二）指人时 that 与 who 的区别（三）如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词（四） Whose 用法及转换形式（五） as 与 which 的区别（六）介词 +关系代词（七）定语从句中的主谓一致问题（八）定语从句与其他从句的区分详情如下：（一）.指物时只用 that 不用 which 的情况1，当先行词是all, little, few

3、, much, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时。2，当先行词被only, any, few, little, no, all, just, very （恰好的 ,表示强调）等词修饰时。3、当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。4 主句是 There be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词修饰物。例句：There s still a room that is free. 5、先行词中同时包括人和物时。例如：We talked about the people and the v

4、illages that we remembered. 6、当主句中有who,或 which 时，而定语从句中也要用到who 或 which 时，为了避免重复，定语从句要用 that 引导。例如：Who is the man that is standing by the door? (二) 指代人时只用 who 不用 that 的情况1、先行词为one, ones, anyone, those指代人时。如：The person I want to learn from is one who studies hard and works well. 2、在 There be 结构中，修饰主语的

5、定语从句宜用关系代词who 指代人。例如：There s a gentleman who wants to see you. 3、当先行词有较长的后置定语时。例如：I met a foreigner in the park yesterday afternoon who could speak Chinese very well. 4、 一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that, 另一个宜用who 以避免重复。例如：The student that was praised at yesterdays meeting is the monitor who is very

6、modest and works very hard. 注意：当关系代词前面有介词时，只能用whom。例如：The person to whom this letter was addressed died three years ago. （三）如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词必须牢记一条： 引导词不一定都是由先行词的定义来确定的，而是由关系词在定语从句中作什么成分来确定的 。换句话说，先行词是表示时间的词，关系词不一定都是when,先行词是表示地点的词，关系词有时非where, 先行词是the reason时，关系词why 决非唯一，应仔细分析关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分。比较下面的句子I

7、 still remember the days _we spent in the countryside ten years ago.The days are gone forever _we didnt have enough to eat.A. when B. on which C. that D. for whichThe place, _I visited ten years ago, has turned big city.This is the very place _the anti-Japanese soldiers fought over 60 years ago.A. t

8、hat B. which C. where D .in whichHave you asked her for the reason _may explain for her absence? 6 Is this the reason _ you were late? 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - A. why B. that C. which D. for which（四） 、whose用法及转换形式whos

9、e 引导定语从句时， 其先行词可以指人， 也可以指物， 可以用 “the+ 名词 +of which(whom) ” 或者“of which/(whom) the + 名词 ” 代替“ whose+名词”结构。例如：He studies in a school _buildings(=the buildings _/ _ the buildings) are built on top of a hill. I met a friend _ name(= the name _/ _ the name) I forgot then. 判断句子对错：This is the country whose

10、 the capital was struck by an earthquake. I like the novel of which author has passed away. （五） as 与 which 的区别1 限制性定语从句中：as 引导的限制性定语从句时要求先行词受the same, so，such 或 as 修饰，定语从句中缺少主语、宾语、或者表语；which 没有这方面的要求He used such expressions as he could find in the texts. They stayed for the night in the same room as

11、 they had once rented. Dont do so many things as you are not sure about. As many problems as existed have been settled. Many problems which/that existed have been settled. 比较： Here is so big a stone as no one can lift. （ _从句）It is so big a stone that no one can lift it. （_从句）2 非限制性定语从句：as指代主句的全部或部分内

12、容，常译为“ 正如”“ 就像 ” 等，定语从句可以置于主句之前、之中或之后 , as后常接 expect, know, report, expect, point out ， say, see等动词的主、被动语态,；which 指代先行词，也可以指代主句内容，所引导从句只能位于主句之后。As we all know , smoking is harmful to ones health Smoking is harmful to ones health , as we all know . Smoking, as we all know , is harmful to one health.

13、He has resigned, which surprises all his colleagues. ( 六) 介词+关系代词1. 定语从句中谓语部分的搭配习惯The documents _ which they were searching have been recovered. I wanted to find someone _whom I could discuss books and music. He referred me to some reference books _which I am not very familiar. 注：有一些介词为固定搭配的一部分，此时它们

14、的位置应注意。如：The boy (whom) my sister is looking after is getting better. 不能说成： The boy after whom my sister is looking is getting better. 2. 先行词与介词的搭配习惯这类考题往往要根据具体的语境来选择介词。如：This is our classroom, in the front of which there is a teacher s desk. I ll never forget the day _ which she said goodbye to me.

15、 3. 表示所属关系的of which whomOn the blackboard the teacher wrote a sentence, the meaning _I don t understand. 4. 表示整体与部分关系的of which whomI have five English dictionaries _Longman Dictionary is the best. The buses, most _were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. I met the fruit-pickers, several

16、 _ were university students. 5. 表示同位关系的of which whomHer sons, both _work abroad, rang her up this morning. （七） 、定语从句中的主谓一致定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致: 1.I am not one who _ afraid of difficulty2.Don t choose me, who _not fit for this job 3 This is one of the best films that _been shown these days. 4

17、This is the only one of the students who _passed the exam. （八）定语从句与其他从句或句型的比较1，与强调句型的区别。判断强调句型的关键在于把强调结构“It is/was that ”去掉后，主句的意思和结构是完整的。It was about 600 years ago the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. It was BC.600 _ such an terrible earthquake happened. It was an exciting moment

18、for those football fans _ _ they experienced for the first time in years . A. that B. which C. before D. when 2，that 引导的限制性定语从句与同位语从句的区别。区别在于： 定语从句对先行词起着修饰、限定作用； 而同位语从句对先行词起着解释、说明的作用。引导词that 在从句中的作用不同。在定语从句中，that 既起连接作用，又须在定语从句中充当句子成分，如主语、表语，宾语(可以省略 ) ; 而在同位语从句中，that 只起连接作用，不充当句子成分,但不可以省略。We all hav

19、e heard the news_ our team won. （）We dont believe in the news _ he told us yesterday.（）3，定语从句与状语从句的区别。状语从句是没有先行词的，整个从句在复合句中作时间、地点或原因等状语；定语从句是对先行词或主句起修饰限定作用的，所以介词 +关系代词（for which, from whom） 是不能出现在状语从句中Why do you want to leave _ you have such a new house? 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - -

20、- - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - Why do you want a new house youve got such a good one already? Why do you want a new house _ you can put your books? A. when B. where C. which D. in which 4，定语从句与并列句的区别。如果两个句子之间是分号，或有and，but，so 等连接词，则这两个句子为两个并列句；如果两个句子之间是逗号，且没有上述的连接词，则这两

21、个句子之间就是主从关系，须有一个引导词引导。Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, I will always treasure. They have more than 100 books ; most of are English . Some new designs are urgent, and some of _ must be fantastic. A, which B, that C, whose D, them 对比练习1.We should go to the place _we

22、are most needed. .We should go to the place_ needs us most. A. it B. where C. that D. what 2 It was October _we met in Dalian for the first time. It was in October _we met in Dalian for the first time. A. that B. which C. when D. while 3. He is such a good teacher_ we all like him. He is such a good

23、 teacher_ we all like. A. whom B. that C. as D. which 4 The news came_1_ the British Queens mother celebrated her 101th birthday in good health, _2_ isnt surprising, because she lives an easy life and gets the best medical care. A. that; which B. which; which C. that; that D. when; as 5 A modern cit

24、y has been set up in the place _ was a wasteland ten years ago. A modern city has been set up in _ was a wasteland ten years ago. A modern city has been set up _ there was a wasteland ten years ago. A. what B. which C. when D. where 6 _ is known to everybody, the earth is round. _the earth is round

25、is known to everybody. _ is known to everybody that the earth is round. A. That B. It C. As D. What 7. All _ I need is a good rest. You know _ I need is a good rest. A. what B. all what C. that D. which 五高考多角度考查定语从句（一）、疑问句中考查定语从句1. Is this the farm _ you visited last week? A. where B. the one C. on

26、which D. / (二)、倒装句中考查定语从句2. We came to a place, _ stood a big tower. A. which B. that C. / D. where (三)、 拆分词组和固定搭配3. The second is connected with the use _ the body makes of food. A. of which B. where C. to do D. that 4. Why cant you realize the part _ they have played in our life? A. which . on whi

27、ch C. when D. where (四)、添加插入语或状语5. The scientist has made another discovery, _ I believe is of great importance. A. that B. / C. which D. why (五)、插入非谓语动词6. Is this the man _ you want to have _the radio for me? A. who; repaired B. that; repaired C. whom; repairing D. that; repair 学以致用：1. Was it in th

28、e shop _ sold childrens clothing that you lost your wallet? A. / B. where C. that D. when 2. Thank you for the difficulty _ you have had painting the house. A. when B. / C. why D. where 3. Is there anyone around the factory _ knows how to operate the computer? A. who B. which C. where D. in which 4.

29、 The managers discussed the plan _ they would like to see _ the next year. A. that; carried out B. who; carried out C. which; carry out D. that; carrying out 5. She was much disappointed to see the beautiful cloth _ she had made _ with lots of spots. A. which; cover B. that; covered C. /; covering D

30、. where; covering 6. Lincoln, _ life was once hard, were elected President of American. A. for whom B. who C. to whom D. / 高考真题演练2011年高考定语从句1， 【 2011 全国卷 I) 31】The prize will go to the writer _ story shows the most imagination. A. that B. which C. whose D. what 2， 【 2011 全国卷 II）7】Ted came for the we

31、ekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, _ is a stupid thing to do in such weather. A. this B. that C. what D. which 3， 【2011 北京卷） 26】Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _, of course, make all the others upset. A. who B. which C. what D. that 4， 【 2011 上海卷 ) 39】Youll find t

32、axis waiting at the bus station _ you can hire to reach your host family. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - A. which B. where C. when D. as 5，【2011山东卷）32】 The old town has narrow streets and small houses _are built close to ea

33、ch other. A. they B. where C. what D. that 6，【2011江西卷）34】 She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _had taken more than three years. A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which 7， 【2011 江苏卷） 24】Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _ the audience can buy ice-

34、cream. A. when B. where C. that D. which 8，【2011 安徽卷） 28】 Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _ it will keep for two or three weeks. A. when B. which C. where D. while 9， 【2011 浙江卷） 8】English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of _ uses it somewhat differently

35、. A. which B. what C. them D. those 10， 【2011 浙江卷） 10】A bank is the place _ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. A. when B. that C. where D. there 11， 【2011 福建卷） 24】She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _ allows them to communicat

36、e freely with each other. A. which B. where C. what D. who 12， 【2011 福建卷） 33】It was April 29,2001 Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony. Athat Bwhen Csince Dbefore 13， 【2011 四川卷） 17】The school shop, _ customers are mainly students, is closed few the ho

37、lidays. A. which B. whose C. when D. where 14， 【2011天津卷） 10】The days are gone _ physical strength was all you needed to make a living. A. when B. that C. where D. which 15， 【2011 陕西卷） 11】I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, _ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. A. which B. where C.

38、 who D. that 16， 【2011湖南卷 )25】Julie was good at German, French and Russian , all of _ she spoke fluently. A. who B. whom C. which D. that 2010年高考定语从句（10 福建）1. Stephen Hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only planet life has developed gradually. A. that B. where C. which D. whose （10 湖南

39、） 2. Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school I met in the English speech contest last year. A. who B. where C. when D. which （10 江西） 3 The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister _ she would stay for an hour. A where B who C which D what （

40、10 山东） 4. That s the new machine _ parts are too small to be seen. A. that B. which C. whose D. What 5. Wind power is an ancient source of energy we may return in the near future. A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which （10 天津） 6.- Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut? -Yo

41、u should try the barbers I go. Its only 15. A. as B. which C. where D. that （10 四川） 7After graduating from college ，I took some time off to go travelling，turned out to be a wise decisionAthat Bwhich Cwhen Dwhere （10 全国） 8. As a child , Jack studied in a village school ,_ is named after his grandfath

42、er. A. which B. where C. what D. that （10 江苏）9. The newly built caf, the walls of_ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work. A. that B. it C. what D. which （10陕西） 10. The old temple _ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair. A. where B. which C. its

43、 D. Whose （10 全国） 11. I refuse to accept the blame for something _was someone else s fault. A. who B. that C. as D. what （10 湖北）12. My mother was so proud of all _ _ （我所做的） that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing. (do) 13. _ _(正如我们强调的那样)many times, “serve the people” is our first policy. (stress

44、) （10 北京） 14. Children who are not active or diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. A. what B. whose C. which D. that （10 重庆） 15. In china, the number of cities is increasing _development is recognized across the world. A. where B. which C. whose D. that （10 浙江） 16The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of left their village homes for a better life in the city. Awhom B which Cthem Dthose 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - -