英语选修8译文.doc

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1、如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流英语选修8译文【精品文档】第 24 页选修8 Unit 1A land of diversity davst; d-n. 多样性；差异-Reading CALIFORNIA ,klf:njn. 加利福尼亚（美国一个州）California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. It also has the distinction dst(k)()nn. 区别；差别；特性；荣誉、勋章of being the most multicultural mltk

2、lt()r()ladj. 多种文化的；融合或具有多种文化的state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world. The customs and languages of the immigrants mgr()ntn. 移民，侨民adj. 移民的；迁入的live on in their new home. This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California.immigrant mgr()ntn. 移民

3、，侨民adj. 移民的；迁入的migrant英magr()nt美 marntn. 候鸟；移居者；随季节迁移的民工adj. 移居的；流浪的Unit1 加利福尼 加利福尼亚是美国的第三大州而且是人口最多的州。加州与不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化的一个州它吸引了来自世各地的人们。这些移民的风俗习惯以及语言在他们的新家都得以延续当你了解了加利福尼亚的历史后你就不会对此感到惊讶了。NATIVEnetv AMERICANS 美洲土著人Exactlygzk(t)l; eg- when the first people arrived in what we now know as称为California,

4、 no one really knows. However, it is likelylakl that很可能Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. Scientists believe that these settlerssetl crossed the Bering brin. 白令海峡Straitstret白令海峡in the Arcticktk北极区to America by means of用，依靠a land bridge which existed in存在于

5、prehistoric prihstrkadj. 史前的；陈旧的 times. In the 16th century, after the arrival rav()ln. 到来；到达；到达者of the Europeansjrpin, the native people suffered greatly. Thousands were killed or forced into slaveryslev()rn. 奴役；奴隶制度；奴隶身份.In addition, many died from the diseases brought by the Europeans. However, s

6、ome survivedsvav these terrible times, and today there are more Native Americans living in California than in any other state.when wenconj. 考虑到；既然；当时；在时；如果adv. 什么时候，何时；（用于时间的表达方式之后）在那时；其时；当时pron. 那时；什么时侯n. 时间，时候；日期；场合native netvadj. 本国的；土著的；天然的；与生俱来的；天赋的n. 本地人；土产；当地居民exactly gzk(t)l; eg-adv. 恰好地；正是；

7、精确地；正确地likely lakladj. 很可能的；合适的；有希望的adv. 很可能；或许settler setln. 移居者；殖民者n. (Settler)人名；(德)泽特勒strait stretn. 海峡；困境n. (Strait)人名；(英)斯特雷特adj. 狭窄的；苦恼的arctic ktkn. 北极圈；御寒防水套鞋n. (Arctic)人名；(英)阿克蒂克adj. 北极的；极寒的European英jrpin美 jrpinadj. 欧洲的；欧洲人的n. 欧洲人survive svavvi. 幸存；活下来vt. 幸存；生还；幸免于；比.活得长survived v. 幸存；从中坚持过

8、来；继续使用（survive的过去分词）adj. 幸存的terrible terb()ladj. 可怕的；很糟的；令人讨厌的adv. 很，非常means minzn. 手段；方法；财产v. 意思是；打算（mean的第三人称单数） 复数means mean minn. 平均值adj. 平均的；卑鄙的；低劣的；吝啬的vi. 用意vt. 意味；想要；意欲n. (Mean)人名；(柬)棉 exist in 存在于exist gzst; eg-vi. 存在；生存；生活；继续存在existed zst生存最早的一批人具体是在什么时候来到我们现在所知道的加利福亚地区的谁也说不清楚。然而很可能至少在15 ,0

9、00年以前美洲著人就住在加利福尼亚了。科学家们认为这些迁居者通过一条史时代曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。欧洲人16世纪来到这儿后土著人遭受了极大的苦难,成千上万的人被杀或被迫成为奴隶。此外欧洲人带来了疾病使许多人染病而死过还是有一些人在经历了这些恐怖时期后活下来了。今天住在加福尼亚的美洲土著人比任何其他州的都要多。THE SPANISH spanish spniadj. 西班牙的；西班牙语的；西班牙人的n. 西班牙语；西班牙人 In the 18th century California was ruled by受支配，受所左右Spain. Spanish soldiers

10、first arrived in South America in the early 16th century, when they foughtft against对抗；反对；与作斗争the native people and took their land. Two centuries later, the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and alongl the northwest coast of what we now call the United States. Of the first Spanish

11、to go to California, the majority mdrtn. 多数；成年were religious men, whose ministry mnstrn. （政府的）部门was to teach the Catholicklk religion rld()nn. 宗教；宗教信仰to the natives. In 1821, the people of Mexico mekskn. 墨西哥gainedgeind their independence from Spain. California then became part of Mexico. In 1846 the

12、 United States declareddkle war on发动进攻；对宣战Mexico, and after the war won wnvt. 赢得（win的过去式和过去分词）by the USA, Mexico had to give California to the USA. However, there is still a strong Spanish influence in the state. That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.

13、fought ftv. 战斗（fight的过去分词）；打架 along ladv. 一起；向前；来到prep. 沿着；顺着Catholic klkadj. 天主教的；宽宏大量的n. 天主教徒；罗马天主教gained geindv. 获得，得到（gain的过去式）；增进declare dklevt. 宣布，声明；断言，宣称vi. 声明，宣布 在18世纪的时候加利福尼亚是由西班牙统治的,西班牙士兵最早在1 6世纪初期来到南美洲的,他们同土著人打仗并夺去了他们的地,两个世纪以后西班牙人在南美洲的大部分地区定居下来,而还在我们现在称之为美国的西北沿海地区住下来,在首批移居加州的西班牙人中大部分是宗教人

14、士他们的职责是向原住民授天主教。1821年墨西哥人从西班牙获得了独立-加利福尼亚于是了墨西哥的一部分。1846年美国向墨西哥宣战美国赢得战争胜利后墨西哥被迫把加利福尼亚割让给美国。但是这个州至今仍然保留很强的西班牙的影响。这就是为什么今天还有40%的加利福尼亚人然把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的缘故。RUSSIANS r()nadj. 俄国的；俄语的n. 俄语；俄国人In the early 1800s, Russian hunters, who had originally rdn()ladv. 最初，起初；本来gone to Alaska lskn. 阿拉斯加州,began settling

15、 in迁入California. Today there are about 25,000 Russian-Americans living in and around San Francisco.俄罗斯人19世纪初期一批最初到阿拉斯加的俄罗斯猎人开始在加利福尼定居下来。今天住在圣弗朗西斯科旧金山及其周边地区的美俄罗斯人约有25,000人。GOLD MINERSIn 1848, not long after the American-Mexican war, gold was discovered in California. The dream of becoming rich quickl

16、y attracted people from all over the world. The nearest, and thereforeefadv. 因此；所以the first to arrive, were South Americans and people from the United States. Then adventurers dvent()rn. 冒险家；投机商人from Europe and Asia e;en. 亚洲soon followed. In fact, few achieved their dream of becoming rich. Some died

17、 or returned home, but most remainedrmen in California to make a life创造生活for themselves despitedspat great hardship hdpn. 困苦；苦难；艰难险阻. They settled in the new towns or on farms. By the time California electedlekt to become the thirty-first federal state联邦国家of the USA in 1850, it was already a multicu

18、ltural society.remain rmenn. 遗迹；剩余物，残骸vi. 保持；依然；留下；剩余；逗留；残存despite dspatprep. 尽管，不管n. 轻视；憎恨；侮辱elect lektn. 被选的人；特殊阶层；上帝的选民adj. 选出的；当选的；卓越的vi. 作出选择；进行选举vt. 选举；选择；推选federal fed()r()ladv. 联邦政府地adj. 联邦的；同盟的；联邦政府的； 联邦制的n. (Federal)人名；(英)费德勒尔淘金矿工1848年在美国同墨西哥开战之后不久在加利福尼亚发现了金矿发财梦很快就吸引了世界各地的人。距离最近因而来得最早的是南洲人

19、和美国人。随后跟着来的有欧洲和亚洲的探险家。事实上很少人圆了发财梦。一些人死了或回家了但是尽管条件十分艰苦多人还是留在了加利福尼亚劳作谋生并在新的城镇或农场里定居下来到1850年加利福尼亚成为美国第31个州的时候它已经是一个有多种文化的社会了。LATER ARRIVALS 后来的移民Although Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period,it was the building of the rail network netwkn. 网络；广播网；网状物from the west to the east co

20、ast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s. Today,Chinese-Americans live in all parts of California, although a large percentagepsentd have chosen to stay in the Chinatowns of Los Angeles ndlsn. 安杰利斯（姓氏）；天使城（菲律宾地名）and San Franciscofrnsisku.percentage psentdn. 百分比；百分率，百分数losl:s a

21、bbr. 视线（Line of Sight）；月球轨道航天器（Lunar Orbiter Spacecraft）n. (Los)人名；(匈)洛什；(俄、西、瑞典、塞、英)洛斯虽然中国移民在淘金热时期就开始到来了,但是更大批量的移民是在1 9世纪60年代为了修建贯穿美国东西海岸的铁路而来的。今天加利福尼亚州各地都有美籍华人尽管有很大比例的华人还是选择在洛杉矶和圣弗朗西斯科旧金山的“中国城”里。Other immigrants such as Italianstljnadj. 意大利的；意大利语的；意大利文化的n. 意大利人；意大利语, mainly fishermen but also wine

22、wan makers mekn. 制造者；造物主；出期票人,arrived in California in the late 19th century. In 1911 immigrants from Denmark denma:kn. 丹麦（欧洲国家）established a town of their own, which today still keeps up theirDanish culture. By the 1920s the film industry ndstrn. 产业；工业；勤勉was well established stbltadj. 确定的；已制定的，已建立的

23、in Hollywood, California. The industry boombum attracted Europeans including many Jewish people. Today California has the second largest Jewish population in the United States.wine wanvt. 请喝酒n. 酒，葡萄酒；紫红色vi. 喝酒n. (Wine)人名；(英)瓦恩boom bumn. 繁荣；吊杆；隆隆声vt. 使兴旺；发隆隆声vi. 急速发展；发隆隆声n. (Boom)人名；(法、德)博姆19世纪后期其他国家

24、的移民比如意大利人来到了加利福尼亚他们主要是渔民也有制酒工人。1911年丹麦的移民建立了自己城镇至今仍然保留着丹麦文化。 20世纪20年代电影业在加州的 好莱坞建立了起来。这个行业吸引了大量的欧洲人包括许多犹太人今天加利福尼亚的犹太人口在美国占第二位。Japanese farmers began arriving in California at the beginning of the 20th century, and sincesns the 1980s a lot more have settled there. People from Africa have been living

25、in California since the 1800s, when they moved north from Mexico. However, even more更多地，更多的arrived between 1942 and 1945 to work in the ship and aircraft ekrftn.飞机，航空器industries.since snsprep. 自以来；自以后conj. 因为；由于；既然；自以来；自以后adv. 后来even iv()nadj. 数 偶数的；平坦的；相等的adv. 甚至；即使；还；实际上vt. 使平坦；使相等vi. 变平；变得可比较；成为相

26、等n. (Even)人名；(法)埃旺；(德)埃文；(英)埃文日本农民是在20世纪初期开始到加利福尼亚来的而从20世80年代以来就有更多的日本人在加利福尼亚定居了。非洲人从1 9纪就在加利福尼亚住下来他们是从墨西哥向北迁来的。然而更的非洲人是在1942年至1945年期间来到加利福尼亚的当时他们到船厂和飞机厂工作。MOST RECENTris()ntadj. 最近的；近代的ARRIVALS最近期的移民In more recent decades, California has become home to more people from Asia , including Koreanskrin,

27、Cambodianskmbudin, Vietnamesevjtnmiz and Laotians leiun. Since its beginning in the 1970s, the computer industry has attracted Indians and Pakistanis,pa:kist:nis to California.cambodian kmbudinadj. 柬埔寨的；柬埔寨人的，高棉人的；高棉语的n. 柬埔寨人，高棉人；高棉语Vietnamese vjtnmizn. 越南人；越南语adj. 越南的；越南人的Pakistanis ,pa:kist:nisn.

28、巴基斯坦人（Pakistani的复数）在最近的几十年里加利福尼亚成了更多的亚洲人的家包括鲜人、柬埔寨人、越南人和老挝人。从20世纪70年代以来计算工业吸引了印度人和巴基斯坦人来到加州。THE FUTUREPeople from different parts of the world, attracted by the climate klamtn. 气候；风气；思潮；风土and the lifestyle lafstaln. 生活方式, still immigratemgret to California. It is believed that有人认为before long the mix

29、mks of nationalities ,nnltin. 国籍，民族（nationality的复数）will be so great that there will be no distinctdst(k)t major medracial re()ladj. 种族的；人种的or cultural groups, but simply a mixture mkstn. 混合；混合物；混合剂of many races and cultures.immigrate mgretvi. 移入vt. 使移居入境 distinct dst(k)tadj. 明显的；独特的；清楚的；有区别的mixmksn.

30、 混合；混合物；混乱vi. 参与；相混合；交往vt. 配制；混淆；使混和；使结交n. (Mix)人名；(德、英)米克斯major medvi. 主修adj. 主要的；重要的；主修的；较多的n. 人类 成年人；主修科目；陆军少校n. (Major)人名；(西)马霍尔；(法)马若尔；(捷、德、塞、瑞典)马约尔；(英)梅杰未来展望世界各地的人由于受到气候条件和生活方式的吸引仍然在续迁入加利福尼亚。人们认为要不了多久多种国籍的混合将会常之大以致不可能存在一种主要的种族或文化群体而是多种族多文化的混合体。GEORGES DIARY darn. 日志，日记；日记簿12TH14TH JUNE du:nn.

31、六月；琼（女名）6月12 TH-14TH乔治的日记Monday 12th, June星期一12th,6月Arrived early this morning by bus. Went straightstret to hotel to dropdrp my luggage lgdn. 行李；皮箱, showera and shaveev. Then went exploringikspl:ri. First thing was a ride on a cablekeb()l car. From top of the hill got a spectacular spektkjladj. 壮观的

32、，惊人的；公开展示的view of San Francisco Bay and the city. Built in 1873, the cable car system was invented by Andrew Hallidie, who wanted to find a better form of transport trnspt; trn-n. 运输；运输机；狂喜；流放犯vt. 运输；流放；使狂喜than horse-drawn hrsdrnadj. 马拉的（车）；用马拖的tramstrm. Apparently prntladv. 显然地；似乎，表面上hed been shock

33、ed kt v. 使震动（shock的过去式）adj. 震惊的；震撼的when he saw a terrible accident ksdntn. 事故；意外；法 意外事件；机遇in which a trams brakesbrek failed, the conductor kndktn. 导体；售票员；领导者；管理人could not control the situation and the tram slippedslp down the hill dragging the horses with it.straight stretadv. 直接地；不断地；立即；坦率地adj. 直的

34、；连续的；笔直的；正直的；整齐的；异性恋的n. 直；直线；直男，直女，异性恋者n. (Straight)人名；(英)斯特雷特drop drpn. 滴；落下；空投；微量；滴剂vt. 滴；使降低；使终止；随口漏出vi. 下降；终止shower avt. 大量地给予；把弄湿n. 淋浴；（倾泻般出现的）一阵，一大批；阵雨vi. 淋浴；下阵雨shave evvi. 剃须，剃毛vt. 剃，削去；修剪；切成薄片；掠n. 刮脸，剃胡子；修面；侥幸逃过，幸免；剃刀，刮刀exploring ikspl:riv. 探索；探测；探险（explore的ing形式）adj. 探索的，探测的；扫描cable keb()ln

35、. 缆绳；电缆；海底电报vt. 打电报vi. 打海底电报tram trmn. 电车轨道；煤车vt. 用煤车运载vi. 乘电车brake brekn. 闸，刹车；阻碍v. 刹车n. (Brake)人名；(英)布雷克；(德)布拉克slip slpn. 滑，滑倒；片，纸片；错误；下跌；事故abbr. 串行线路接口协议，是旧式的协议（Serial Line Interface Protocol）adj. 滑动的；有活结的；活络的vt. 使滑动；滑过；摆脱；塞入；闪开vi. 滑动；滑倒；犯错；失足；减退n. (Slip)人名；(芬)斯利普 今天早晨到达乘公共汽车。直接去宾馆掉我的行李,淋浴和刮胡子。然后

36、去探索。首先是一个乘坐缆车。从山顶上,有一个引人入胜的景观的旧金山海湾和这个城市。建于1873年,猫空缆车系统由安德鲁赶紧发明的,他想找一个更好的形式的交通比马拉的有轨电车。显然他会被震惊了,这时他看见一个可怕的事故中,电车的刹车、导体不能控制的情况和电车滑下山拖马。Had a late lunch at Fishermans Wharf渔人码头（美国旧金山旅游观光名胜）. This is the district dstrktn. 区域；地方；行政区where Italian fishermen first came to San Francisco in the late 19th cen

37、tury and began the fishing industry渔业 水产 水产捕捞业. Now its a tourist area with lots of shops, sea food restaurants and bakeries bek()rn. 面包店. Its also the place to catch the ferryfer to Angelend()l Island and other places in the Bay.Did so much exploring at Fishermans Whatrf. Am exhaustedzstd and dont

38、feel like doing anything else. Early bed tonight!wharf wfn. 码头；停泊处vt. 使靠码头；为建码头；把货卸在码头上vi. 靠码头ferry fern. 渡船；摆渡；渡口vi. 摆渡；来往行驶vt. （乘渡船）渡过；用渡船运送；空运n. (Ferry)人名；(法、德、英、印尼)费里exhausted zstdv. 耗尽；用尽；使精疲力尽（exhaust的过去式）adj. 疲惫的；耗尽的angelend()ln. 天使；守护神；善人n. (Angel)人名；(德、塞、俄、保、瑞典、挪)安格尔；(土)安盖尔；(法、葡)安热尔；(西)安赫尔；

39、(英、罗)安杰尔vt. 出钱支持有一晚午餐在渔人码头。这是该地区在意大利渔民第一次来到旧金山世纪后期开始19th渔业。现在它是一个旅游区有很多商店,海鲜餐馆和面包店。这也是地方赶上渡轮到天使岛和其他地方的海湾。做了那么多探索在渔人码头。 太累了,不要想做什么。今晚床早!Tuesday 13th, June 星期二13th,6月Teamed up with a couplekp()l from my hotel (Peter and Terri) and hired ha(r)dv. 雇用（hire的过去式及过去分词形式）；租用a car. Spent all day driving aroun

40、d the city. Theres a fascinatingfsnet drive markedmkt out for tourists. It has blue and white signs with seagulls sigln. 海鸥on them to show the way to go. Its a 79km round-trip raundtripadj. 来回的；双程的that takes in all the famous tourist spots. Stopped many times to admire the view of the city from diff

41、erent anglesg()l and take photographs. Now have a really good idea of what the citys like.couple kp()ln. 对；夫妇；数个vt. 结合；连接；连合vi. 结合；成婚n. (Couple)人名；(法)库普勒hire han. 雇用，租用；租金，工钱vt. 雇用；出租vi. 雇用，租用；受雇fascinating fsnetadj. 迷人的；吸引人的；使人神魂颠倒的v. 使着迷；使陶醉（fascinate的ing形式）marked mktadj. 显著的；有记号的v. 表示（mark的过去分词）；

42、作记号；打分数angle g()ln. 角度，角，方面vi. 钓鱼；谋取 和旅馆的一对夫妻（彼得和泰莉）作伴，一起租了一辆小汽车。一整天开车游览城市。有一种专为旅游者选定的驾车游活动。车身上有蓝白两色的标记和海鸥以表示要去的路线。这是一次往返79公里的旅行，它涵盖了所有著名的旅游景点。途中有多次停车，欣赏风景并摄影。我们现在对城市的面貌有了一个很好的了解了。In evening, went to Chinatown with Peter and Terri. Chinese immigrants settled in this area in the 1850s. The fronts of

43、the buildings are decorateddekretd to look like old buildings in southern China. Saw some interesting temples here, a number of markets and a great many restaurants. Also art galleries and a museum containingknten documentsdkjumnts, photographs and all sorts of objects about the history of Chinese i

44、mmigration mrenn. 外来移民；移居, but it is closed in the evening. Will go back during the day. Had a delicious meal and then walked down the hill to our hotel.decorated dekretdv. 装饰，修饰（decorate的过去式和过去分词形式）adj. 装饰的，修饰的containing kntenadj. 包含的；封闭的v. 包含；容纳；克制（contain的ing形式）n. 包含documents dkjumntsn. 计 文档（docu

45、ment的复数形式）v. 记载（document的第三人称单数形式）在晚上,去唐人街和彼得和特里。中国移民定居在这个地区在1850年代。穿越战线的建筑物都看起来像旧建筑装饰在中国南部。在这里看到一些有趣的庙宇,许多市场和grear许多餐馆。美术馆和博物馆也包含文本、图片和各种物体的中国移民的历史,但它是被关在晚上。将会回去一下白天谈判的情况。了美味的一餐,然后走下山去了旅馆。Wednesday 14th, June 星期三14th,6月In morning, took ferry to Angel Island from the port in San Francisco Bay. On th

46、e way had a good view of the Golden Gate Bridge. From 1882 to 1940 Angel Island was a famous immigration station where many Chinese people appliedpla for申请，请求right to live生存权in USA. The cells sel in the station were very small, cold and dampdmp; some did not even have light but the immigrants had nowherenhwe else to go. Their miserable mz