专题五 短文改错.doc

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1、如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流专题五 短文改错【精品文档】第 5 页专题五 短文改错专题一、考纲要求根据考试大纲的说明，短文改错是写作的第一节，主要考查考生的书面表达能力。要求考生根据短文，对每个句子进行判断，如有错即将其改正。二、命题规律考点年份/卷别错词多词、缺词名词冠词数词代词介词形容词副词时态语态非谓语连词情态动词冠词代词介词副词连词不定式系动词20181/1/11112/1/1/21/11/111/111/1/11211/1/20171/1/111111/1/1/11/1/1/1/1/11/1/1/2/3/2/1/1/201611/1/12/2/1/1/1/2,/,/112

2、21/1/112111/11/全国卷3年考点分布表从近三年全国卷九套试题的短文改错中，可以看出：1长度：短文有710句话，含93119个词。2内容：类似学生习作，贴近学生生活。3体裁：最近几年都是记叙文。4考点：几乎涉及考纲所列的所有语法项目：名词、代词、冠词、介词、连词、谓语动词(包括时态、语态、主谓一致、情态动词和虚拟语气)、非谓语动词、词性误用、比较等级、常用词语辨析等。5考法(1)错误类型：错1个词、多1个词、少1个词的比例是811。(2)每句话中最多设2处错。即有的句子无错，有的有1处，有的有2处。(3)需要变形的词通常是名词、动词、形容词、副词。(4)少了一个词，要求添加的词有冠词

3、、介词、连词、不定式符号to、人称代词、物主代词等。(5)多了一个词，要求删除的词有冠词、介词、连词、不定式符号to、助动词、副词等。(6)标点符号、单词拼写、大小写和词序等不设错。短文改错的宗旨是考查考生在语篇中发现、判断、纠正错误的能力，检测考生对所学知识的运用能力。预计2019年高考英语短文改错仍将以记叙文为主；题材也会保持稳定，一般涉及学生个人的情感与经历、学校生活、人物故事、人与自然等。短文改错的考点涉及词法、句法和行文逻辑，其中句法是考生备考的重点。解题流程三、 技巧点拨题型一根据词法解决词法类的测试题词法的测试包括：名词的单复数和名词的所有格；定冠词和不定冠词的用法；动词的时态、

4、语态、语气和非谓语动词；情态动词；人称代词、人称代词的格、物主代词、指示代词、连接代词、不定代词等的用法；介词的搭配；并列连词、从属连词的用法；形容词与副词的区别及其比较级和最高级的用法；固定搭配和习惯用法。词法错误类在短文改错题中占很大的比例，我们需要特别注意。对于这类题，我们要仔细分析句子成分，细心观察，并在平时学习过程中多积累语言知识。 (2018全国卷)After supper，we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room. (2018全国卷)It was Monday morning, and the writing

5、 class had just begin. (2017全国卷)It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle of the road. (2017全国卷)In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons.题型二根据句法解决句法类的测试题句法的测试包括：固定句型；主谓一致；名词性从句中的连接词的运用，定语从句中的关系代词和关系副词的运用和强调句等；句子结构的连贯性、完整性、对等性和逻辑性。这些错误通常与句子成分

6、的分析紧密相关，所以难度较大。 (2018全国卷)The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life. (2017全国卷)I have grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years. (2017全国卷)The instructor kept repeating the words，“Speed up！” “Slow down！” “Turning left！” (20

7、17全国卷)Around me in the picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time.题型三根据语篇解决语篇类的测试题语篇的测试包括：上下文中的代词指代是否一致；上下文中的逻辑关系是否一致。判断这类错误，要从上下文、惯用法、主从复合句的句意来找到错误。若为并列句，要从上下文来判断句与句之间的关系是并列、转折、选择、递进还是其他关系，从而选择恰当的连词。 若为复合句，应首先判断属于哪一种从句，然后根据主、从句之间的逻辑关系判断连接词的使用正确与否。 (2018全国卷)They would sa

8、y to us that playing card games would help my brain. (2017全国卷)This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days. (2017全国卷)Before getting into the car，I thought I had learned the instructors orders, so once I started the car, my mind went blank.四、真题研究题目要求：假定英语课上老师要求同桌之

9、间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。A(2018全国卷)During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big cha

10、nge there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals. Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned qu

11、ite a lot by sell the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, but he agreed.B(2018全国卷)When I was little, Fridays night was our family game night. After supper, we would play card games of all sort in th

12、e sitting room. As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not to let me. They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain. Still I unwilling to play the games for them sometimes. I didnt realize how right my parents

13、 are until I entered high school. The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.C(2018全国卷)It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begin. Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud. Som

14、e of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity; others were nervous and anxious. I had done myself homework, but I was shy. I was afraid that to speak in front of a larger group of people. At that moment, I remembered that my father once said，“The classroom is a place for learning

15、and that include learning from textbooks, and mistake as well.” Immediate, I raised my hand.D(2017全国卷)In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday,I took driving lessons. I still remember how hard first day was. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructors orders, so

16、once I started the car, my mind goes blank, I forgot what he had said to me altogether. The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up!” “Slow down!” “Turning left!” I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the ca

17、r. It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road. E(2017全国卷)Mr. and Mrs. Zhang all work in our school. They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day. In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in

18、their garden , that is on the rooftop of their house. They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together. They have also bought for some gardening tools. Beside , they often get some useful informations from the internet. When summer came, they will invite their students pick the vegetables

19、！五、提升训练ADuring the Mens 800-meter Race of our schools sports meeting.Li Hua from Senior 2 soon got well ahead the others and finally ranking first. The crowd were shouting to him while Li Hua fell to the ground and got injury. Many people came to his assistance. A teacher gave her first aid, while s

20、ome kindly students passed water and a towel to him. In not time, Li Hua recovered. When interview, Li Hua expressed his thanks to everyone , saying, “Injured as I am, I can fell the warm from you.” He was delighted to make the contributions to his class.BOnce there was a tale tell of a spider with

21、the name Anansi. He wondered what to be more intelligent. He went around the village to collect for wisdom with a basket. Soon his basket was full. He wanted to hide it on the top of a tree. However, with the basket tied to the front part of his body, he found hard to climb the tree. Then her younge

22、st son walked by,”Why not carry a basket on your back instead?” Following his advice, Anansi climbed the tree easily, and he wasnt happy.”I have collected so many wisdom,but my baby son is still wise than me. Take back your wisdom!” He throw the basket of wisdom into the air.COn the two weekend afte

23、r my arrival in Brisbane, Helen took Kate and I to go on an interesting trip. After an hours drive in her car,we get to the Sunshine Coast. So many people had come to here that we had trouble find a parking place. After we advanced along the bank for a forty minute, we reached the Happy Valley. With

24、 a gentle wind brushing my face, I felt quite comfortably. This valley did live up to their name. I said jokingly,Unless I had another life, Id like to be a tree in the Happy Valley! In a word, I deeply impressed with the trip.DGreat changes have taken place in the way of communication in peoples li

25、fe in recent years. In the past，people kept in touch with each other mainly by written letters or using the public telephone. But now almost everyone have his own mobile phone. People can communicate for each other almost at any place and at any time. Whats more，people have easy access to the Intern

26、et，what enables them to send and receive emails whatever they like. With this changes，peoples pace of life has been quickened and peoples work has been made more efficiently. It is used to take several days to hear of each other, but now it takes only several minutes, even if they are on two differe

27、nt continents. In word, people have an easier life nowadays. EAs winter comes, there are much rain and snow in many parts of our country including our city. It is too cold that an increasing number of students catch a cold. Even worse, some students fell down and hurt them because the icy roads. So

28、we should protect ourselves from cold weather and there are many things what are of help. First，we should put up more clothes when going outside. Then to remember not to run or walk too fast on slippery roads. Luckily，some measures have been taking to prevent us from falling down. For example, some mats have been placed on the step of the teaching building. I hope everyone is safe and health.