unit7 why the problem.doc

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1、如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流unit7 why the problem【精品文档】第 7 页Part I Warming upA.Tapescript:1. Help the oldThe elderly at home and in the neighborhood, especially those living alone, need your care and support. Show your concern and attend to their needs wherever possible. Your support warms their hearts and

2、brings them hope. If you find any elderly people in need of help, call the Social Welfare Department hot line on 23432255 or contact the nearby Family Services Center.2. Keep Hong Kong cleanHong Kong not only is one of the worlds greatest cities, its also our home. So lets all start taking more prid

3、e in its appearance. Lets keep Hong Kong clean.3. For a better societyAt different stages of life, we have different roles to play. As good citizens, we are willing to do our part for a better society.4. Dont litterYou can try walking away from litter, but you cant walk away from a fine. Use the bin

4、 or risk a $ 25,000 fine and six months imprisonment.5. Aids hot lineWe are about to use a 4-letter word. This word can clear a room. This word makes some people sick. This word leaves others in disgust. Some people pretend it doesnt exist. Others wish it would go away. You wont hear it in mixed com

5、pany. You wont hear it used at home. And you certainly wont hear it in schools. The fact is if more people use this word, less people would be affected by it.6. Equal opportunitiesTrue harmony can only exist when men and women have equal opportunities. Sex discrimination destroys this harmony and is

6、 unlawful. Stand up for equal opportunity. The equal opportunities commission hot line: 25118211.7. For your healthWhen traveling abroad, you should take preventive measures against cholera, hepatitis A and other diarrheal diseases. Drink only boiled water or bottled and canned drinks. Avoid eating

7、cut fruits or fruits that are not cleansed. When you take shellfish, make sure they are thoroughly cooked. Always keep an eye on food hygiene. Please stay healthy.OutlineI. Violent crimeA. Including robbery, assault, murder, rapeB. Murder rate: twice as high as 30 years agoC. Violent crime rate in g

8、eneral: increased 23% (in the same time period)II. White-collar crimeA. Including embezzlement, bribery, Political corruption, corporate policies that endanger workers and the publicB. White-collar crime rate in general: increasedIII. Solutions:A. Family: through socialization - leading children to

9、respect themselves, others, and the values of the societyB. Government.1. By helping people to feel that they are part of the society instead of its victims2. By instilling the fear of punishment in those who might become criminalsTapescript:Looking into crime and violence in the United States is li

10、keopening the proverbial can of worms. So many different problems emerge from the can that you sometimes feel the more you know, the less you understand. What is very clear and indisputable, however, is that violent crime has increased greatly in the United States in recent decades. By violent crime

11、, I mean crimes like robbery, assault, murder, and rape. The murder rate is twice as high as 30 years ago, and violent crime in general has increased 23 percent in the same time period. What is also clear is that the general public is afraid - afraid of becoming victims of violent crime. Statistics

12、are harder to come by for white-collar crime, crimes including embezzlement, bribery, political corruption, and corporate policies that endanger workers and the public. But many experts agree that there has been an increase in white-collar crime, too.As for solutions, I think most of us would agree

13、that the family can play a role in reducing crime in the United States: through socialization, which leads children to respect themselves, others, and the values of their society. Moreover, I think society, in the form of government, has a role to play in reducing crime: by helping people to feel th

14、at they are part of the society instead of its victims. The government, in the form of the justice system, can also contribute to curbing crime by instilling the fear of punishment in those who might become criminals.PartIIA.1. What are the two aspects mentioned concerning the nature of gambling add

15、icts?-Coming from homes lacking love / looking for wants of family love and parental approval-Unconsciously wanting to lose2. In what ways can gambling addicts hopefully be cured? -By psychiatric treatment-By word therapy-By help from organizations like Gamblers AnonymousTapescript:Compulsive gamble

16、rs almost always come from homes lacking (in) love. As a result, the child grows up still looking for the wants of family love and parental approval. Another aspect to the nature of the gambling addict is that unconsciously he wants to lose.Psychiatrists believe that compulsive gamblers consciously

17、may expect to win. However, theres a strong element of self-destruction in an inclination to continue betting until all is lost. One New York psychiatrist believes that basically the compulsive gambler is seeking an answer to the question: Do you love me? By winning, he receives a yes answer. Howeve

18、r the gambler cannot accept the yes he sometimes receives because it is contrary to the reality of his or her unhappy childhood, one lacking (in) family love. The gamblers compelled to continue betting, thus expressing again and again his need for love and acceptance. When gambling addicts do win so

19、me money, they rarely spend any of it on their families. Money is like a sacred thing to the addicts. It is reserved for one thing: placing a bet.Fortunately, theres hope and help today for gambling addicts. Psychiatric treatment is one possibility. Word therapy seems to help in some cases. The most

20、 readily available and the least expensive help comes from an organization called Gamblers Anonymous (GA). GA has more than 90 chapters in the U.S. with about 3,000 gamblers seeking a cure. One basic rule of GA is the gamblers must pay back all their debts, even it takes many years to do so. Thousan

21、ds of members credit GA with saving them from their addiction, and helping them to build new lives free from the gambling sickness.Happily, today, with more public interest in helping the gambling addict overcome his problem, and with such organizations as the GA, the gambler who wants help to break

22、 his addiction, now has some place or some one to turn to.B. SummaryThough in almost all the states in America, parents are held responsible for their kids misdeeds at schools like destroying ?school property or missing school, only 13 states hold parents criminally liable when their kids commit cri

23、mes, such as dealing in drugs, weapons possession and gang banging.More lawmakers are saying parents should be jailed or fined when their kids commit a crime, because the most important influence on the development of a child is the parent. But parenting is not an easy thing. And it gets harder as k

24、ids get older. When a child becomes a teenager, parents involvement with their children under education drops sharply. By 15 to 16 years of age, children are treated as quasi-adults and many of them lead very separate life that parents are not fully informed of.Parental liability laws will not work

25、unless theyre part of a much larger effort that includes more helps for parents in raising their children. Experts say whats most needed now is a thorough review of the effectiveness of such laws.Tapescript:In just about every state, parents are held responsible for certain misdeeds of their childre

26、n, especially for school related, like destroying school property or missing school. But when kids commit crimes whether its dealing in drugs, weapons possession or gang banging, only 13 states hold parents criminally liable. Now in the wake of the Colorado shootings, more lawmakers are saying paren

27、ts should be jailed or fined when their kids commit a crime. And there seems to be a certain logic to this trend. The most important influence on the development of a child is the parent.What people really want is good parenting. The question is. Can state legislatures legislate good parenting?How d

28、o you legislate good parenting? And how far should we go with that?There should be a law that does punish parents for leaving a loaded gun around accessible for children.Thats something you can hold me accountable for. But when you tell me I should raise a child in a way., in a way that that child w

29、ill not have bad thoughts or be depressed, or not hang around with the wrong kids, you are trying to legislate something that you know. Parenting is not an easy thing. This is a hard job.And it gets harder as kids get older. Study shows that when a child becomes a teenager, parents involvement with

30、their children under education drops sharply. This complicates matters with the courts if they are to prove that parents should have known about the childs intentions to commit a crime or stop the child from doing it.By 15 to 16 years of age, children in this country are treated as quasi-adults.We a

31、lso have young people of that age leading very separate life that parents are not fully informed of. Many of those young people are working. They have a strong peer group affiliation. Perhaps we might have some idealistic view that a law will then force parents to hold daily sessions with their chil

32、dren, ask them what they are doing. I just dont think thats going to work.Parent liability laws will not work unless theyre part of a much larger effort that includes more help for parents in raising their children, whether they want it or not.A judge can require a parent to go through psychological

33、 testing if the judge sees that there would be some merit not only in helping the child in their situation, but also helping the home situation.According to the National Association of State Legislatures, half a dozen states are expected to take up the issue of parental liability this year. Family l

34、aw experts say that whats most needed now is a thorough review of the effectiveness of such laws, before more putting in place, because as far, they simply dont seem to be deterring school shootings, let alone bad parenting.Part III Drug therapyA. You are going to hear a report about drug therapy.A1

35、.1. What is the worry put forward by a United Nations drug agency?. Some legal prescription drugs are being taken in worrying quantities in the West.2. What problems are growing in developed countries?In developed countries, the prevalence of anxiety and insomnia and the consumption of sedative hypn

36、otics are growing3. What kind of drugs are often given hastily?Drugs to treat psychological disorders are often given hastily, and without considering the underlying causes of the patients problem.4. Why is Professor Steven Rose worried? And what is his fear? Advances in biochemistry are being used

37、to mask what children really need - more discipline or more care. And Prof. Rose is afraid that Western culture is now so wedded to pharmaceutical answers, patients and parents are unwilling to accept that drugs are not the answer to everything.A2.Areas of treatment Supporting examplesOvereating Car

38、ol - compulsive eater / 115 kilosAdifax- slimming drug /only as emergency treatment /but prescribed long periodsBadly behaved children Young people - depressionProzac - instant relief / frightening dreams/ suicidal feelings / dangers emerge/ long- term effect?ADD (Attention Deficit Disorder)Reese -

39、learning difficulties / lose temper /aggressiveRitalin - power amphetamine / helpcontrol temper / do better at schoolTapescript.A United Nations drug agency has warned that legal prescription drugs like Viagra, steroids, and diet pills are being taken in worrying quantities in the West. Dan Damon no

40、w asks whether people in the industrialized world really are in need of medication for illnesses like depression or whether its simply becoming easier and more socially acceptable to try and correct mood and behavior through controlled drugs.Generally, we think drug problems are something to do with

41、 contraband, and illicit street corner deals. But, the International Narcotics Control Board, which monitors the effectiveness of government measures to control the illegal drugs trade also checks the use of prescription pharmaceuticals. And here too, there are serious problems.In developed countrie

42、s, the prevalence of anxiety and insomnia and the consumption of sedative hypnotics are growing. The Board notes with concern the frequent long term use, sometimes indefinitely, of psychotropic substances for treating psychological reactions to social pressure, without a diagnosis for a specific dis

43、order.The Narcotics Boards recently published Annual Report for last year is a detailed review of how drugs to treat psychological disorders, including depression, aggressive behavior, and overeating are often given hastily, and without considering the underlying causes of the patients problems.Caro

44、l was a compulsive eater who never felt full. She reached 18 stone, thats more than 115 kilos. She was prescribed the slimming drug Adifax, which used only to be available as an emergency treatment for just a few days, but is now prescribed over long periods.Another controversial area for the use of

45、 drug therapy involves badly behaved children. In America, young people suffering from depression are increasingly being given the drug Prozac. For many children, some as young as 7, it provides instant relief from frightening dreams, and suicidal feelings. But, dangers are emerging. The drug works

46、by increasing production in the brain of the chemical serotonin, but we dont know the long-term effect of that, especially in children.And an even more contentious area is whats called Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD). Ten-year-old Reese has been diagnosed with learning difficulties by an educationa

47、l psychologist. Hes also prone to lose his temper quickly, and be aggressive. His parents found a consultant who was willing to try Ritalin, a power amphetamine. Ritalin has helped Reese to control his temper, and hes doing better at school.Professor Steven Rose from Britains Oakland University is w

48、orried that advances in biochemistry are being used to mask what children really need - more discipline or more care. And Professor Rose is afraid that Western culture is now so wedded to pharmaceutical answers, patients and parents are unwilling to accept that drugs are not the answer to everything

49、.B.1. How does the time credit system - Time Banking - work?Patients are linked together with a time broker who involves them in projects to build up time credits.2. What is the advantage of Time Banking?Where money is short, this kind of time credit system can bring people with social problems a lot