2022年郑州大学攻读博士学位研究生入学考试英语试题参考答案 .pdf

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1、A卷第3页 共16页郑州大学 2010 年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试英语试题参考答案II. Vocabulary (10%) 31.The neighbors do not consider him quite _ as most evenings he awakens them with his drunken singing. (A) respected (B) respectable (C) respective (D) respectful 答案： B 由于他经常喝醉酒唱歌吵醒人，他的邻居认为他是个不可礼遇的人。resp ectable “ 可敬的，值得尊敬的 ” ，有被动含义。A)r

2、espectful“恭敬的，尊敬人的” ，指主动性的 “ 尊敬他人 ” 的意思； B)respected “ 受尊敬的 ” ，指年长的人或具有权威性；D)respective意为 “ 各自的，各个的”32.Since it is late to change my mind now, I am _ to carrying out the plan. (A) committed (B) obliged (C) engaged (D) resolve 答案： D be obliged to do sth 有义务做 sth 不得不做be committed to 致力于 委任于 be engaged

3、 in 参与 从事 忙于 be resolved to do = be determined to do 决心做 sth 翻译：既然我现在改变想法为之已晚，我决定坚决执行这个计划33.The leaders of the two countries feel it desirable to _ funds from armaments to health and education. (A) derive (B) change (C) convert (D) divert 答案： D divert vt. 使转移 ;娱乐 ;转移注意力34.The board of Directors deci

4、ded that more young men who were qualified would be important positions. (A) attributed to (B) furnished with (C) installed in (D) inserted into 答案： C 35.The lady who has _ for a night in the dead of the winter later turned out to be a distant relation of his. (A) put him up (B) put him out (C) put

5、him on (D) put him in 答案： A put sb. up “ 向某人提供食宿 ” 。put sb. out “ 使某人失去知觉” 。put sb. on to sb. “ 帮助某人寻找或会晤某” 。put sb. in “ 使某人参加（竞赛等）”36.The government?s policies in the past years have shown a(n) in emphasizing the necessity of improving the peasants ? livelihood. (A) exaltation (B) coherence (C) ag

6、ony (D) behavior 答案： B 37.The study shows that laying too much emphasis on exams is likely to students? enthusiasm in learning English. (A) hold back (B) hold off (C) hold out (D) hold down 答案： D 38.The gap between those at the lowest level and those at the highest level of income had increased , an

7、d is continuing to increase. (A) successfully (B) succinctly (C) substantially (D) sufficiently 答案： C 39.One of the important properties of a scientific theory is its abilities to further research and further thinking about a particular topic. (A) invent (B) stimulate (C) renovate (D) advocate 答案： B

8、 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - A卷第4页 共16页40.It is doubtful whether anyone can be a truly _ observer of events. .(A) inadequate (B) impassive (C) genius (D) impartial 答案： D III. Reading Comprehension (30%) Passage 1 While

9、many technological advances occur in an evolutionary manner, occasionally a revolutionary technological appears on the horizon that creates startling new conditions and profound changes. Such is the case with the privately developed Moller Skycar, which is named after its inventor. The ruggedized (加

10、固的 ) Moller Skycar variant the military is evaluating is called the light aerial multipurpose vehicle, or LAMV. The LAMV is a vertical take-off and landing aircraft that can fly in a quick, quiet, and agile manner. It is a new type of vehicle that combines the speed of an airplane and the vertical t

11、ake-off capability of a helicopter with some characteristics of a ground vehicle, but without the limitations of any of those existing modes of transportation. The LAMV is not operated like traditional fixed or rotary-wing aircraft. It has only two hands, which the operator uses to direct the redund

12、ant computer control system to carry out desired flight maneuvers. The left-hand control twists to select the desired operating altitude and moves fore and aft to select the rate of climb. The right-hand control twists to select the vehicle?s direction and moves side -to-side to provide transverse (

13、横向的 ) movement during the hover and early-transition-to-flight phases of operation; it also moves fore and aft to control speed and braking. Simply put, the LAMV is user friendly. The LAMV design incorporates a number of safety features. For starters, the LAMV has multiple engines. Unlike any light

14、helicopter or airplane, the LAMV has multiple engine nacelles ( 机 舱 ), each with two computer-controlled Rota power engines. These engines operate independently and allow for a vertical controlled landing should either fail. The LAMV is aerodynamically stable. In the unlikely event that sufficient p

15、ower is not available to land verticall y, the LAMV?s stability and good glide slope allow the operator to maneuver to a safe are a before using the air-frame parachutes (降落 伞). Since comp uters contro1 the LAMV?s flight during hover and transition, the only operator input is to control speed and di

16、rection. Undesirable movements caused by wind gusts are prevented automatically. The LAMV?s potential military uses will be numerous. They include aerial medical evacuation., aerial reconnaissance (侦查 ), command and control, search and rescue, insertion of special operations forces, air assault oper

17、ations, airborne operations, forcible-entry operations, military police mobility and maneuver support, communications retransmission, battlefield distribution for unit resupply, transport of individual and crew replacements, weapons platform, noncombatant evacuation operations, battlefield contracto

18、r transport, and battle damage assessment. Of course, the LAMV brings with it some obvious challenges. Its limited payload will be a negative factor. Its use will complicate Army airspace command and control. How the LAMV will be used in conjunction with forces under the joint force air component co

19、mmander will have to be determined. LAMV support issues also require resolution. For example, operator selection and training, leader training, employment doctrine, LAMV basis-of-issue plans, and LAMV life- cycle management all require the Army?s attentio n. 41.According to the passage, LAMV . (A) i

20、s developed by an academy (B) can?t fly as fast as an airplane (C) can take off upright and fly fast (D) is applied in civil transportation 42.Light helicopter or airplane may _ .(A) have two hands to control its speed and direction 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - -

21、 - - - - - 第 2 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - A卷第5页 共16页(B) have less engine nacelles than LAMV and therefore less security (C) have no computer-controlled Rota power engines in its system (D) lack flexible computer control in its taking off and landing 43.What should the operator of LAMV do when power

22、for vertical landing is insufficient? (A) He should ask the monitoring center for help via computer. (B) He must leave the aircraft immediately with the help of parachutes. (C) He can effectively control the aircraft with some simple input. (D) He just waits LAMV to regain enough power for landing.

23、44.Which of the following can be a possible disadvantage of LAMV? (A) Few people would support the application of LAMV. (B) Not all forces are willing to be commanded jointly. (C) Army airspace command and control would be in disorder. (D) LAMV can only carry a small crew or little cargo. 答案： 41.A 4

24、2.B 43.C 44.A Passage 2 The world may be becoming a more female-friendly place but corporate boardroom are not, with women holding under 3 per cent of top management jobs in Western firms, according to a United Nations survey issued recently. The report entitled Breaking Through the Glass Ceiling: W

25、omen in Management, is published by the International Labor Organization (ILO). The report, subtitled as Progress and obstacles to women s equal professional and managerial status, presents the most recent trends on the situation of women in professional and managerial jobs. It also highlights some

26、of the institutional and attitudinal prejudices that continue to hamper ( 妨碍 ) women?s progress into top jobs, and it describes good practices in support of women managers. Women make up over 40 per cent of the world?s workforce, but even when they make it through the “ glass ceiling” an invisible b

27、arrier of male-dominated prejudices and networks they earn far less than men, the ILO report said. “Almost universally, women have failed to reach leading position in major corporations and private sector organizations, irrespective of their responsibilities,” said author Linda Wirth. “The higher th

28、e position, the more glaring the gender gap.” The ILO said men traditionally rely on “old boy ” networks to climb up the ladder. Women are more “invisible” in the corporate world because they are less keen on informal gatherings. They are also fighting a losing battle against sexual harassment. A Br

29、itish study found that women in one company subjected to continuing sexual harassment and bullying failed to achieve promotion whatever strategy they used, “protesting and complaining earned them the label of ,feminist? and ,whining ( 抱怨 )?, while trying to be one of the men invited further harassme

30、nt, ” the ILO report said.A survey of 300 companies in Britain last year found that just 3 per cent of board members were women. In the FTSE top 10 companies listed in Britain, Women held just 4 percent of directors? posts, while female managers earned just 71 per cent of the salary of their male co

31、unterparts, the ILO report said. British female managers as a whole earned 83 per cent of the salaries of their male counterparts putting them ahead of their counterparts in most other countries. The situation in Germany was no better. A survey of 70,000 largest companies found that women there held

32、 just 1 to 3 per cent of the top executive and boardroom positions. The ILO also reported that the comparatively high proportion of women executives in large French companies 13 per cent was now falling again from the 80s levels. 45.According to the ILO report, _ . (A) women still face serious work

33、problem at all levels of western firms 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - A卷第6页 共16页(B) women no longer face work problems except in top management levels (C) there are serious problems facing women, especially in the boardroo

34、ms of Western firms (D) women are having a better time in the world, except in the boardrooms of western firms 46.What does the report mean by the term “ glass ceiling” ? (A) A level beyond which women can?t really be promoted . (B) A barrier of prejudices and networks that exists in some companies.

35、 (C) A barrier of prejudice that men pretend does not exist. (D) A level that women are trying to reach despite the difficulties put in their way. 47.The ILO report . (A) is optimistic, in that once women break into top positions, they do well (B) is pessimistic, in that even the few women who get t

36、op positions have smaller salaries (C) is optimistic, because there is a growing realization that women in top positions do very well (D) is pessimistic, because no women ever reach the highest positions in western boardrooms 48.Which of the following strategies did women not use in their fight agai

37、nst sexual harassment? (A) Complaining. (B) Sexual harassment. (C) Protesting. (D) Trying to be friendly. 答案： 45.D 46.C 47.B 48.B Passage 3 When Robert Shiller, a Yale economist and bestselling author, told a crowd of finance professors and economics students last spring that only 10 percent of his

38、money was invested in stocks, they gasped. Managers might suggest anywhere from 50 to 90 percent. But 10 percent? This was heresy. How about 0 percent? That?s the share that investors should plow into domestic stocks, according to Ben Inker, director of asset allocation for Grantham, Mayo, and Van O

39、tterloo & Co. (GMO), a money-management firm with some $85 billion in assets. Welcome to a contrarian view of today?s equity markets. A small but vocal band of heretics is calling into question not only the profit potential of stocks but also the foundation for conventional wisdom about investing. E

40、ven for those who disagree with them, their arguments serve as a reality check for the market. Are conventional portfolio really as safe as experts say? “Don?t be surprised that the Wall Street brokerage firms spend most of their time telling you that stocks are cheap, ” warns Mr. Inker. “Wall Stree

41、t likes the market. It likes trading. Wall Street makes a lot more money off of trading stocks than trading bonds. ”The trick is to determine your portfolio?s exposure to risk, analysts say. And that depends - to a surprisingly large degree on how diversified it is and how long you?re prepared to st

42、ay the course. These are key elements of “modern portfolio theory,” which came into being in the 1950s and eventually won its creator, Harry Markowitz, a Nobel Prize. Essentially, portfolio theory holds that investors reap the greatest return with the least risk when they allocate their money among

43、diverse classes of assets, hold them for the long term, and rebalance the portfolio when the various classes of assets stray too far from their original allocation. To make it work, you need to own asset classes that don?t move in lock step, make accurate estimates of their future returns, and use a

44、 very long time horizon. A miscalculation in even one of these steps, however, can seriously hurt the prospects for reaching your ultimate goal. “The long -term nature is the driving force of the portfolio,” says Jerry Korabilk, vice president of Ibbotson 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - -

45、 - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - A卷第7页 共16页Associates, a Chicago-based asset allocation adviser. “All of our clients are institutions, and we develop portfolios with 10-, 20-, even 30-year time horizons. ”Riding the roller coaster Thus, investors should never try to g

46、et in and out of the market at specific times, the theory holds. Instead, they should ride the inevitable ebb and flow of prices. If they have allocated their money correctly, some portion of their portfolio will almost always be making money. By rebalancing their portfolios periodically selling off

47、 some of the winning asset classes and buying more of the losers they are continually buying low and selling high, at least in a relative sense. This buy-and-hold strategy has won over hordes of investors. The average Fidelity retirement account has nearly 60 percent of its money in stocks, a recent

48、 study found. The overall average for retirement accounts: 61 percent, according to the Employee Benefit Research Institute. Even equity allocations for college and university endowments hover around 57.1 percent, says the National Association of College and University Business Officers. The problem

49、 is that investors sometimes have to be extraordinarily patient for the strategy to pay off. In 1981, for example, the S& P 500 Index stood at the same level it first achieved in 1965. Today the index is about 30 percent lower than its peak in 2000. Do investors really have to put up with such long

50、periods of losses? Profits of impatience No, say a small contingent of money managers. By avoiding the stock market as their primary engine for profit during the past five years, several of these managers have posted good returns. Take the Permanent Portfolio Fund. Unlike many balanced funds, which