初中英语中考语法：形容词和副词总结归纳.docx

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1、精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除形容词和副词Adjective & AdverbI 本章要点1. 形容词的用法。2. 副词的用法。3. 形容词和副词的比较级、最高级和同级比较。4. 与形容词副词有关的其他知识点。II 语法点分述一、形容词用法1.形容词的位置与顺序a.形容词充当的成分在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语等。 This bike is expensive.形容词作_ She is a good student, and she works hard.形容词作_ My teacher always makes her English class interesting

2、.形容词作_b.形容词的顺序(1)县官行令杀国才。县限定词；官外观 (大小、长短和高低)；行形状；令年龄（新旧）；杀颜色；国国籍；才材料。(2) 美小圆旧黄，法国木书房（主观在前，客观在后）小试身手1) 一件昂贵的俄国产的棕色皮大衣2) 一条可爱的丹麦的小美人鱼3) One day they crossed the_bridge behind the palace.A. old Chinese stoneB. Chinese old stoneC. old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old4) 一根爷爷传给我的长长的棕色的波斯木纹手杖A long brown

3、 Persian wooden walking stick from my grandpa(老师可自选补充)a. 特殊形容词的位置(1)形容词修饰不定代词时放在后面。 Ihadinitiallythought thattherewouldbenothingseriousbecauseit was fairly common for an oldmantocatch illness.本来我以为没什么大问题的,毕竟人老了,有病痛是在所难免的。(2)well, ill等表达健康状况、情感类形容词只作表语，不做定语。 He is an ill man. （定语）邪恶的He is ill.（表语）生病的

4、 I have been well recently. I can take care of myself. 这段时间我身体很健康。我可以自己照顾自己。(3) 带有前缀-a的表语形容词带有前缀“a-”这类形容词只作表语不做定语，比如alike, alive, asleep, awake, alone。小试身手living/alive1) Those passengers are still _.2) I have never seen a _man on my way here.asleep/sleeping/awake3) As long as he sits in front of the

5、 TV, he can fall _.4) Hush! Dont awaken the _dog!5) If you keep _for 3 days, you might die.alone/lonely6) He lives _but he never feels _.7) A hut stood_on the top of the hill.8) She is _.Its a good time to take action!2.-ed形容词与-ing形容词：interesting有趣的interested感兴趣的令人惊奇的感到好奇的moving令人感动的moved感动的frighten

6、ing令人害怕的frightened感到害怕的terrifying令人恐惧的terrified感到恐惧的令人困惑不解的感到困惑的satisfying令人满意的satisfied感到满意的tiring令人厌倦的tired感到厌烦的令人惊讶的感到惊讶的boring令人讨厌的bored感到厌烦的令人兴奋的感到激动的touching触动人心的touched感动的encouraging令人鼓舞的encouraged受到鼓舞的astonishing令人惊呆的astonished惊呆的小试身手1) Long long ago, there was an _(interest) man called Effe

7、ndi(阿凡提).2) He was so _(bore) that he went to sleep.3) There was an _(excite) expression on his face when he heard the good news.二、副词的用法副词主要修饰动词、形容词、副词及整个句子。1.特殊副词的位置a. enough修饰名词是形容词，放在名词前，修饰形容词和副词是副词，放在它们的后面。a. 他们有足够的现金买一张单程票。 that, sentences,for, believe, tough, you, present, criminals, are, do,

8、at, enough? (连词成句)真题试炼1) Jane can speak English _. She wants to work for the Special Olympic Games.A. correctB. niceC. sweetD. well2)Everyone likes Kevin because he talks to others _.A. friendlyB. lovelyC. politelyD. luckily3)The baby feels _ while his mother holds him in her arms.A. saveB. safeC. s

9、afelyD. safety4)My old neighbour Charles felt _ after his children moved outA. lonelyB. safelyC. angrilyD. happilyAttention一般形容词后加-ly可以构成副词，但有些副词和形容词同形，比如：hard, late, early, high, fast, far, deep等，这些词后面有没有-ly意思不同。尝试写出下列副词的意思：hardhardlylatelatelyhighhighlydeepdeeply小试身手1) hard vs. hardlyWe thought lo

10、ng and _before deciding to move house.2) late vs. lately_that evening, there was a knock at the door.3) high vs. highlyIt is _ unlikely that shell be late.4) deep vs. deeplyThey sat and talked _into the night.三、形容词和副词的比较级、最高级1. 同级比较用于两者之间的同级比较，表示“和一样”，其句型主要分两种：a. as +形容词/副词原级+as的结构，表示前后两者的情况一样。 他几乎像

11、他姐姐一样勤奋。He was almost as diligent as his sisterb. 在否定句中，用not as/ so +形容词/副词原级+as结构，表示前者不如后者。 在许多体育运动中，体能没有技巧重要。In many sports physical fitness is not as important as technique.Attention如若第一个as/so后的形容词作定语修饰名词，应将该名词及有关修饰语都放在第一个as/so之后。 Youve made as many mistakes as I have.你犯的错误和我犯的一样多。 人们普遍相信(一般认为),教

12、学既是一门科学,也是一门艺术。Itisgenerallybelievedthatteachingisas much an art asitisascience.2. 比较级:a. 规则变化 American elephants are larger, fiercer and more difficult to tame than Asian elephants.比起亚洲大象，非洲大象更大，更凶猛，也更难驯服。 There is one spectacle grander than the sea,that is the sky; there is one spectacle grander t

13、han the sky, that is the interior of the soul.-Victor Hugo小试身手1) 三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮。（head）2) 事实胜于雄辩。（actions）3) 迟到总比不到好。（late）b. 不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbad/badly/illmany/muchmorelittlefar真题试炼1) This motorcycle is not as _ as that one, and it uses less gas.A.expensiveB.less expensiveC.more expensiveD.t

14、he most expensive2) He can play tennis better than _ .A.any boysB.any other boyC.any boyD.any other3) Jack is the second _ student in our class. He is _than me.A.tallest; much tallerB.tall; much tallerC.tall; much more tallerD.tallest; much more taller4) After two years research, we now have a _ bet

15、ter understanding of the disease.A.veryB.farC.fairlyD.quite5) Who jumped _ of all in the world?A.longerB.longestC.fartherD.farthest6) You are driving too fast. Can you drive _ A. a bit more slowlyB. slowly a bit moreC. more slow a bitD. slowly more bit3. 形容词和副词的比较程度在形容词比较级前可以使用：a little, a bit, even

16、, a lot, a great deal, much, far等副词来表示比较级的程度。换言之，看到这些词就要考虑使用比较级。小试身手判断下面的搭配是否正确。more highermore much highermuch more highermuch highera lot mucha lot moremuch moremuch manymuch interestinga bit more interestinga lot interestinga little more interestingeven less interestinga little most interesting4.

17、 比较级的否定小试身手判断这句话语法上是否正确。1) I am not taller than you (are). （ ）Attention比较级不可以用not -er/more than做否定。只能用not asas或less（I am not as tall as you are.或I am shorter than you are.）小试身手1) You are more intelligent than me.2) Made in China products are less expensive than made in USA products.3) French is more

18、 difficult to learn than English.Attentionnot more than只可用在数字前，表示“仅仅”、“只有”，类似于only，强调少；而no比较级than用于否定双方，意为“和一样不”。 This test takes no more than thirty minutes.这个考试只要三十分钟。 You are no more careful than your brother. 你和你弟弟一样不仔细。小试身手1) The old car race is no less exciting than the modern car race.2) 他不比乞

19、丐有钱。3) 虽然起步晚，但是汤姆弹钢琴不比她差。4) 他不比我幸运。四、与形容词副词有关的其他知识点1. most的含义the most形容词表最高级，most形容词意为“非常”，most相当于very。 Qomolangma is the most dangerous mountain in the world. It really is most annoying.2. 倍数的表达倍数词加在-er词或as .as前面。结构：倍数+as+adj./adv.+as/倍数+adj/adv.-er+ than Her appetite is only half as big as ours.她的

20、胃口只有我们的一半大。 亚洲的面积是欧洲的四倍。 have, as, would,three, asked, much, paid, gladly, I, he,times,as (连词成句)3. more and more 结构“more and more”表示“越来越” Thefreshwaterisbecominglessandless. 现今越来越多年轻人正在使用网络，但是其中有些人没有合理地使用。4. the+比较级the+比较级结构“the morethe more” 结构表达的意思是“越，就越” The greater a man is, the more distasteful

21、 is praise and flattery to him.-John Burroughs(美国博物学家巴勒斯)一个人越伟大，对表扬和奉承就越反感。小试身手1) 多多益善。2) 知道得越多，越会体会到自己知道得有限。3) 空气越热，它就上升得越快。4) In recent years, travel companies have succeeded in sending us the idea that the (far) we go, (good) our holiday will be. (词性转换)5. 比较级也可以表示最高级的含义： Harry是班里最聪明的学生。Attention有

22、other/else, A、B同范围；any other+ N单数；any of the other+ N复数无other/else, A、B异范围。小试身手1) China is larger than in Africa.2) China is larger than any other country/any country else/any of the other countries in Asia. III Review what you have learnt1. My parents will go there by taxi because it is raining _.A

23、. badlyB. hardlyC. probablyD. heavily2. Daniel is a careful driver, but he drives _ of my friends.A. more carefullyB. the most carefullyC. less carefullyD. the least carefully3. Billy has all kinds of different ideas. He is _ to be a famous writer.A. enough creativeB. creative enoughC. energetic eno

24、ughD. enough energetic4. Helen learns to dance three times a week. Now she dances _ Anita does.A. so good asB. as well asC. as good asD. so well as5. When the fire broke out, many people were so _ that they ran _.A. frightening; wildB. frightened; wildC. frightened; wildlyD. frightening; wildly6. Pe

25、ter drives _ Amy, so it will take Peter _ time to get to the hotel.A. much faster than; lessB. more slowly than; lessC. as fast as; moreD. as slowly as; more7. Be _. Make sure not to make the same spelling mistake next time.A. peaceful B. careful C. helpfulD. thankful8. Was Henry late for the concer

26、t yesterday?No. He got there even ten minutes _ than us two. A. earlierB. earliestC. laterD. latest9. Love will _ last if we love the whole fine things around us.A. seldomB. alwaysC. neverD. sometimes10. Lily is _ hard-working than any other student in her class.A. muchB. moreC. mostD. the mostI. 填空

27、1. 谁比吉姆年纪大？是你。_ is _ than Jim? _ are2. 谁比David更强壮？是高山._ _ than David? Gao Shan _.3. 谁的铅笔更长，他的还是她的？我想是她的。_ pencil is _, _ or _? _ is, I think.4. 谁的苹果更重，你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的？我的弟弟的。_ apples _ _, your _ or your _?My _ _.5. 你和你的叔叔一样高吗？是的。_ _ as _ as your uncle? Yes, I am.6. 他和他的朋友吉姆一样年轻。He _ as _ as _ _ Jim.7. 她

28、和她的双胞胎哥哥一样胖吗？不，她比他瘦。_ _ as _ as _ twin _?No, _ _ than him.8. 杨凌每天睡得比孙杨晚。Yang Ling _ to _ _ than Su Yang every day.9. 我跳得和麦克一样远。I _ as _ as Mike.10. 汤姆比你跑得快吗？不是的，他和我跑得一样快。_ Tom _ _ than you? No, he _. He_ as _ as _.II. 翻译1. 秋天来了，天气越来越凉了。_2. 北京的天气要比上海干燥的多。_3. 在他眼里，妈妈比任何女人都美丽。_4. 家是世界上最舒服的地方。_5. 在这个世界上

29、，白雪公主要比你漂亮一百倍。_6. 长江是世界上第三长河。它比任何一条亚洲的其他河流都长。_7. 长江是世界上第三长河。它比任何一条非洲的河流都长。_III. 首字母填空Americans are worried about their weight. Everyone knows that its important to eat w_ and exercise regularly. We see beautiful, thin fashion models and want to look like them. We see advertisements for exercise mach

30、ine and slimming medicine. Gyms are f_ of people. Everyone wants to get in shape. However, 50% of Americans are o_.First, there is not enough physical activity in todays lifestyle. Americans drive almost everywhere, even when the trip is c_ to home. When people get home from work, theyre usually too t_ to do exercise. After dinner, they just watch TV. They have no chance to burn off calories.Second, Americans eat poorly. There are too many f_ foods, s_ drinks, and candy. It is easy to stop at a fast-food restaurant to pick up a greasy burger and a large order of fries.【精品文档】第 15 页