Result-section.ppt

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1、8/10/20222nThe result section presents:nThe major generalizations of the datanThe data supporting the generalizations1.The supporting data must be presented fully enough that the reader can evaluate the strength.8/10/20223Commentary in results sectionnThompson (2010) studied the results section from

2、 20 published papers.nAuthors should be aware of their audience. n“Why to use this method rather than one? Isnt this result strange?”8/10/202248/10/20225Highlight the resultsnAccess standard theory, common beliefs, or general practice in the light of the given data.nCompare and evaluate different da

3、ta sets.nAccess the reliability of the data8/10/20226nDiscuss the implications of the dataStructure of data commentarynSummary statementsnHighlighting statementsnDiscussions of implications, problems, exceptions etc.8/10/20227nLocation elements and summariesTable 1 showsTable 5 providesFigure 4.2 gi

4、vesa. The common modes of infection are shown in table 1.8/10/20228b. Details of the fertilizers used are provided in table 5.c. The results of the second experiment are given in figure 4.2.8/10/20229Language focusnVerbs in indicative and informative summaries-Table 1 shows the most common modes of

5、infection (indicative)-Table 1 shows that the most common source of infection is external sources (informative)8/10/202210nSome verbs can be used with only one type of summary statement.nProvide, for example, can only be used in an indicative summary.Table 1 provides infection-source percentages and

6、 NOTTable 1 provides that the most common source of8/10/2022112. Linking as clauses - As shown in table 1, home disks are the most frequent source of infection.-As can be seen in figure 8, infant mortality is still high in urban areas.- As revealed by the graph, the defect rate has declined.8/10/202

7、212nAs it has been proved, the theory may have practical importance.nAs has been proved, the theory may have practical importance.nUsing prepositions with the linking statement is significant.8/10/202213in- As shown in table 3, from- As can be seen from the data in table 1 by- As shown by the data i

8、n table 1, On- As described on page 24,8/10/202214Highlighting statementsnSpot trends or regularities in the datanSeparate more important findings from less important ones.nMake claim of appropriate strength.- Do not repeat all the details in words, attempt to cover all the information, or claim mor

9、e than is reasonable.8/10/202215nProbability-A reduced speed limit will result in fewer highway injuries.-A reduced speed limit may result in fewer highway injuries.-A reduced speed limit might/could result in fewer highway injuries.8/10/202216nIn following examples, the phrases weaken in strength.-

10、It is certain that-It is almost certain that-It is very probable/highly likely that-It is probable/likely that-It is possible that8/10/202217-It is unlikely that-It is very unlikely/highly improbable that that-There is a strong possibility that-There is a good possibility that-There is a definite po

11、ssibility that-There is a slightly possibility that-There is a remote possibility that8/10/202218nDistanceConsumers have less confidence in the economy today than ten years ago.Consumers seem to have less confidence in the economy.Consumers appear to have less confidence in the economy.8/10/202219It

12、 would seem/appear that consumers have less confidence in the economy.nGeneralizationConsumers have less confidence in the economy.Consumers tend to have less confidence in the economy.8/10/202220nQualify the subjectMany consumers have less confidence in the economy. A majority of consumers have les

13、s confidence in the economy.In most part of the country, consumers have less confidence in the economy.8/10/202221nAdd exceptionsApart fromWith the exception ofExcept for8/10/202222nWeaker verbsClaims can be reduced in strength by Choosing a weaker verb.Deregulation caused the banking crisis (strong

14、er)Deregulation contributed the banking Crisis (weaker)8/10/202223Concluding a data commentarynExplanations and/or implications- usually requirednUnexpected results or unsatisfactory data- if necessarynPossible further research or possible future predictions- if appropriate8/10/202224Dealing with pr

15、oblemsnPhrasesMay be due toCan be attributed toCan probably be accounted forIs probably a consequence ofWould seem to stem from8/10/202225Dealing with graphsUpward trendPeakLow pointSharp riseSteep fallRiseLeveling off8/10/2022268/10/202227Fall ofRemained steadySpikeIncrease DeclineMinimumMaximumLin

16、ear increase8/10/202228Dealing with chronological dataFrom 1982 to 1985 the pass rate rose.During the first four years, the pass rate rose.The pass rate fluctuated from 1982 to 1994.The pass rate fluctuated throughout the period.8/10/202229The pass rate remained under 50% from 1986 to 1991.The pass

17、rate remained under 50% until 1991.8/10/202230nFindings summarized and contributions made to the research worknSome highlights for the paper interpretation of the methods, results, data by analyzing your data prepared in the form of a figure (graph) or tablenBasis for the discussion and conclusions8

18、/10/202231nNever include raw data or intermediate calculations in a research paper. nNever present the same data more than once presented in figures or tables.8/10/202232Understanding results-structurenMajor generalization of the resultsnData supporting of the generalization (commentary)nHighlightin

19、g results statements: trends/ regularitiesnComparison or contrast between the data within the present research Discussions of implications (alarming problems or exceptions) 8/10/202233Commentary strategiesnHighlighting the resultsnAssessment of common belief or general practice in the light of given

20、 datanComparison and evaluation of different data setsnImplication of the data8/10/202234nJustifying the methodsnInterpreting the resultsnCiting agreement with standard theorynCommenting on the data8/10/202235Understanding the results- linguistic features n Tense: past and presentn Voice: passive an

21、d activen Table 1 shows(present)+ noun phrase (General summary)n Table 1 shows that (present)+ clause (specific summary)n As shown in table 1+ clause 8/10/202236Most common habits in paper writing8/10/202237nVery long sentencesnVery long sentences are especially common in paper writing because the w

22、riters often translate directly from their language to English. 8/10/202238nThe main idea and each supporting idea should be written in separate sentences.8/10/202239ExamplesnToo long The clear height of the case is 6.15 meters; the thickness of the roof is 0.85 meters; the thickness of the bottom i

23、s 0.90 meters, the overall width is 26.6 meters, the overall length of the axial cord is 304.5 meters, the length of the jacking section is about 148.8 meters; the weight of the case is about 24127 tons.8/10/202240nClear Case clearance height 6.15 meters Roof thickness 0.85 meters Bottom thickness 0

24、.90 meters Overall width 26.6 meters Overall length of the axial cord 304.5 meters Length of the jacking section 148.8 meters (approx.) Weight of the case 24127 tons (approx.)8/10/202241Prefacing the main idea of a sentencenAuthors often preface the main topic of a sentence by first stating the purp

25、ose, location, reason, examples and conditions as introductory elements. However, this has the effect of demoting the importance of the main idea and making the reader think the author is indirect. 8/10/202242nBring the main idea to the beginning of the sentence stating any locations, reasons, etc.8

26、/10/202243nIncorrect For the application in automobile interiors, this paper studies the nesting optimization problem in leather manufacturing. nCorrect This paper studies the nesting optimization problem in leather manufacturing for application in automobile interiors.8/10/202244nIncorrect To ensur

27、e sheet metal quality as well as assembly quality, CMMs are widely used in automotive industry production.16nCorrect CMMs are widely used in automotive industry production to ensure sheet metal quality as well as assembly quality.8/10/202245Tendency of placing phrasesnIncorrect When U is taken as th

28、e control parameter, the BDs for =0.0, 0.001, 0.005 are shown in Fig. 8.nCorrect Figure 8 shows the BDs for =0.0, 0.001, and 0.005 when U is taken as the control parameter.8/10/202246Place the most important subject at the beginningnIncorrect Based on the triangulation structure built from unorganiz

29、ed points or a CAD model, the extended STL format is described in this section.4nCorrect The extended STL format is described in this section based on the triangulation structure built from unorganized points or a CAD model.8/10/202247NumbersnTwo very common errors are those concerning the presentat

30、ion of Arabic numerals, and equations. Authors usually write Arabic numerals instead of spelling out the word. The use of Arabic numerals, itself, is not an error however; they should never be used at the beginning of sentences.8/10/202248ExamplenIncorrect 12 parameters were selected for the experim

31、ent.nCorrect Twelve parameters were selected for the experiment.8/10/202249nIn addition, Arabic numerals are overused. Arabic numerals should be used to give data in technical papers, however they should not be used to give general information.8/10/202250ExamplenIncorrect All 3 studies concluded tha

32、t the mean temperature should be 30C.nCorrect All three studies concluded that the mean temperature should be 30C.8/10/202251such as and etcnSuch as and etc. are commonly misused by writers. Such as means for example and implies that an incomplete list will follow; netc. means and so on and is used

33、at the end of a list to show it is not complete. Therefore, using such as and etc. together is redundant.8/10/202252nIncorrect Studies of methodology and process of implementing remanufacturing mainly focus on durable products such as automobile, motors, printers, etc.nCorrect Studies of methodology

34、 and process of implementing remanufacturing mainly focus on durable products such as automobile, motors, and printers.8/10/202253nSuch as means that an incomplete list will be given and should not be used when a complete list is given.8/10/202254nIncorrect Compared to traditional industry, Micro-el

35、ectronic fabrication has three characteristics such as high complexity, high precision and high automation.nCorrect Compared to traditional industry, Micro-electronic fabrication has three characteristics: high complexity, high precision and high automation.8/10/202255RespectivelynIncorrect The weig

36、hts of the two experts are respectively 0.600 and 0.400.19nCorrect The weights of the two experts are 0.600 and 0.400, respectively.8/10/202256In this paper, in this studyn1. In the introduction and conclusion to emphasize the content of the paper.n2. In the body of the paper, after referring to wor

37、k not done by the author such as in other journal articles or in standard.nKeep in mind the writer can also use other phrases such as in this research, and this paper present.8/10/202257Singular words in plural formnMistakesThinkingsKnowledgesOffspringsFurnituresInformationsEquipments8/10/202258Confused wordsnAid/aidsnEconomic/economicalnExtend/extentnAttributing/contributingnContend/content8/10/202259