最新外语教研培训中心罗颖任思晋幻灯片.ppt

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1、外语教研培训中心罗颖任思晋外语教研培训中心罗颖任思晋v由于对话较多，长对话的场景就显得格外重要，准确判断对话的场景（situation)，对把握对话的中心思想是非常有帮助的。这里所谈到的场景，是指人物，身份或职业，议论的问题，时间，地点等等的综合概念。清晰的场景会在考生头脑中形成氛围，容易把握对话的发展脉络，使对话情节的发展更加顺理成章 .2006年6月听力长对话样卷分析vConversation 1W: Please have a seat, Mr. Thunders. I received your job resume last week, and was very impressed.

2、M: Thank you! W: We are a small financial company trading mostly stocks and bonds. May I ask why you are interested in working for us?M: Your company has an impressive reputation and I always want to work for a smaller company.W: Thats good to hear. Would you mind telling me a little bit about your

3、present job?M: Im currently working in a large international company in charge of a team of 8 brokers, we buy and sell stocks for major clients worldwide.W: Why do you think you are the right candidate for this position?vM: As a head broker, I have a lot of experience in the stock market, I deal wit

4、h the clients on the daily bases, and I enjoy working with people. W: Well, you might just be the person weve been looking for. Do you have any questions?M: Uh-hum, if I were hired, how many accounts would I be handling?W: You will be working with two other head brokers, in another words, you will b

5、e handling about a third of our clients.vM: And whom would I report to?W: Directly to me.M: I see. What kind of benefits package do you offer?W: Two weeks of paid vacation in your first year employment, you are also been entitled to medical and dental insurance, but this is something you should disc

6、uss with our Personnel Department. Do you have any other questions?M: No, not at the moment.W: Well, I have to discuss your application with my colleagues and well get back to you early next week.M: OK, thanks, its been nice meeting you!W: Nice meeting you too! And thanks for coming in today.vQuesti

7、ons 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard. v19. Whats the purpose of Mr. Thunders visit?20. What is Mr. Thunders current job?21. What can we conclude from the conversation?vQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 19. A) To make a business report to

8、the woman. B) To be interviewed for a job in the womans company. C) To resign from his position in the womans company. D) To exchange stock market information with the woman. 20. A) He is head of a small trading company. B) He works in an international insurance company. C) He leads a team of broker

9、s in a big company. D) He is a public relations officer in a small company. 21. A) The woman thinks Mr. Saunders is asking for more than they can offer. B) Mr. Saunders will share one third of the womans responsibilities. C) Mr. Saunders believes that he deserves more paid vacations. D) The woman se

10、ems to be satisfied with Mr. Saunders past experience vConversation 2:M: Hey, Carren, you are not really reading it, are you?W: Pardon?M: The book! You havent turned the page in the last ten minutes.W: No, Jim, I suppose I havent. I need to get through although, but I keep drifting away.M: So it doe

11、snt really hold your interest? W: No, not really. I wouldnt bother with it, to be honest, but I have to read it for a seminar. Im at a university.M: Its a labor of labor then rather than a labor of love. vW: I should say, I dont like Dickens at all really, the author, indeed, I am starting to like t

12、he whole course less and less.M: Its not just the book, its the course as well?W: Yeah, in a way, although the course itself isnt really that bad, a lot of it is pretty good, in fact, and the lecturers are fine. Its me, I suppose. You see, I want to do philosophy rather than English, but my parents

13、took me out of it.M: So the courses are OK as such. Its just that hadnt been left to you. You would choose a different one. vW: Oh, they had my best interest, its hard, of course, my parents. They always do, dont they? They believe that my job prospect would be pretty limited with the degree of phil

14、osophy. Perhaps they give me really a generous allowance, but I am beginning to feel that Im wasting my time and their money. They would be so disappointed though if I told them I was quitting. vQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 22. Why cant Carren concentrate on

15、the book?23. Why is Carren starting to like the course less and less?24. Who think Philosophy graduates have limited job opportunities? 25. What is Carren thinking of doing? Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 22. A) Shes worried about the seminar. B) The man keeps

16、interrupting her. C) She finds it too hard. D) She lacks interest in it. 23. A) The lecturers are boring. B) The course is poorly designed. C) She prefers Philosophy to English. D) She enjoys literature more. 24. A) Karens friend. B) Karens parents. C) Karens lecturers. D) Karen herself. 25. A) Chan

17、ging her major. B) Spending less of her parents money. C) Getting transferred to the English Department. D) Leaving the university. 长对话听力测试考点分析vConversation 11）内容是有关面试金融工作2）交谈者对话约10个来回 (turns)3) 字数约 300 字，共有三个问题4）对话难度适中，基本没有生词(broker)vConversation 21）内容是有关专业课程方面的讨论2）交谈者对话约6个来回 (turns)3) 字数约 260 字，共有

18、四个问题4）对话难度适中，基本没有生词长对话听力测试考点分析 v长对话是四级考试改革新增加的题型，一般是一男一女之间就某一问题进行的交谈。长对话更贴近人们的日常生活，形式灵活，题材广泛，更有助于测试考生的英语实际运用能力和理解能力， 因而更能体现教学大纲对听力理解能力的一般要求。v长对话测试的主要是考生对于谈话主要内容的理解与把握程度，问题不是特别隐晦，选项也不特别含混，基本是对话中涉及的要点。提问的问题大致可以分为两大类：归纳推理题和细节题。v归纳推理题主要包括主题和中心意思、谈话人的身份、行为以及对前后可能的行为的推测等。细节题是针对谈话的具体内容提问，一般不转弯抹角，除非在提问中出现并强

19、调了not一词。对话内容不限，可能涉及商务、学校生活、日常生活等各个方面，专业性也不会太强。1）主题和中心意思题。选项通常由名词短语或名词从句组成，问题同常为“what is the main idea of the passage/mainly about”; what are the speakers talking about?；）行为和事件题。针对谈话者的行为或所谈论的事物提问。选项通常以动词或动词的非谓语形式表示，有时也可能是句子，但通常使用表示不同的行为或动作的动词，来表示问题的重点在行为或上动作上，问题通常为 “What is the man/woman doing?（如25.

20、What is Carren thinking of doing?); 3）评论或见解题。针对谈话者的态度、观点或看法提问。提问的问题通常含有suggest, think of, mean, say about, attitude, opinion等表示观点、看法的动词或名词。(如24. Who think Philosophy graduates have limited job opportunities?); v4）推理题。根据所听到的内容进行推论得出的正确答案。选项一般为完整的句子，而提问的问题中通常由learn, conclude, infer, imply 等词汇。如果是就前后行为

21、进行推论，问题通常有”What will the speaker probably do next?”之类的句子。（如 19 Whats the purpose of Mr. Thunders visit?21. What can we conclude from the conversation? ）v5) 地点与场所题。选项一般由介词短语组成，而提问的问题常有 Where, location 等词。v6）职业与身份题。表示谈话人的专业、从事的工作或职位等。提问的问题通常有 Who is ? What is s job? 之类的结构。 （如 20. What is Mr. Thunders

22、current job?)v7）原因与理由题。选项可以是独立完整的句子， 也可以由 because 引导的从句， 而问题中通常有 why, reason 等表示因果的词或词组。 （如 22. Why cant Carren concentrate on the book?23. Why is Carren starting to like the course less and less?)v8）数字题。涉及到金钱、时间、日期的题目，一般要经过计算才能得出正确的答案，因此平时要熟悉数字在口语中的表达，如more, less, earlier, late, prior to, before, a

23、fter, percent, half, times。 长对话 听力测试解题策略v长对话因为较长，传递的信息较多，比起短对话来要求更高。听这样的对话首先要注意弄清这四个W (who, where, when, what )问题，即Who: 判断说话人的身份或关系。问题常为：Who are the speaker?What is the man / woman?What is the relationship of the speakers? 等Where: 判断谈话发生的地点，谈话人所处的场景。问题常为：Where does the conversation take place?Where

24、might the speaker be? 等When: 判断谈话的时间。问题常为：When does the conversation take place?What time does the conversation happen? 等What:判断谈话的主题或主要内容。问题常为：What are the speaker (mainly) talking about?What is the topic of the conversation?What is (mainly) discussed in the conversation等推论性问题常有：What can be inferre

25、d/is implied from the conversation?What can we infer/learn about / conclude from the conversation?）利用普通常识和文化背景知识进行逻辑推理，做出合理判断。如选项中有 lecture, course, philosophy, essay, exam, seminar,等词可预测对话会和学校的学习、考试等有关； job resume， company 等与工作特别是面试有关。 解答推论性问题的策略解答推论性问题的策略.v2）广泛阅读，了解并掌握各门基础学科的入门知识。语言是人们进行交际的手段，社会生活

26、的变化、科技的普及发展、一国的文化历史传统、生活方式、地理气候环境以及人们的思维方式都要反映到语言之中。具备一点背景知识对所听的对话和短文会有一种熟悉感，一个更深刻的理解，甚至能弥补语言上的一些不足。我们都知道英语和汉语是两种截然不同的语言，考生若对西方的社会文化因素不了解，缺少足够的有关学科知识，只是用我们所熟悉的思维、逻辑去判断对话或短文，就很可能出错。实考策略v）抓紧时间迅速浏览选择项，以便对即将听到的内容有所预测，并在此基础上预测可能的问题，做到有准备地听；v）比较四个选项的相同和不同之处，特别注意带有always, never, all 等强调词的选项，最好随手划下重点，尽量标出各个

27、选项的重点，做到有的放矢；v）听力播放过程中集中思想，尽力用心记住对话的细节内容，适当做些纪录，如表达主要内容的词组、表明谈话人观点（支持、反对、赞成、怀疑等）的词组、数字（如果选项中出现数字更应注意）、日期、年代等；如果有与选项中完全相同（同义词）或完全不同（反义词）的表达时迅速在此选项旁作标记；实考策略v）对话结束后，集中精力听情楚问题，看与自己的预测是否吻合；如有明确答案即可选择；如无明确答案，可先排除明显错误的选项；如果还是不能确定，划记号标注，以后有时间再推敲；不要耽误时间，错过了下面的问题；Practice vConversation one vConversation twoQu

28、estions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.v19. A) The benefits of strong business competition.vB) A proposal to lower the cost of production.vC) Complaints about the expense of modernization.vD) Suggestions concerning new business strategies.v20. A) It cost much more than it

29、s worth.vB) It should be brought up-to-date.vC) It calls for immediate repairs.vD) It can still be used for a long time.v21. A) The personnel manager should be fired for inefficiency. B) A few engineers should be employed to modernize the factory. C) The entire staff should be retrained. D) Better-e

30、ducated employees should be promoted.v22. A) Their competitors have long been advertising on TV. B) TV commercials are less expensive. C) Advertising in newspapers alone is not sufficient. D) TV commercials attract more investments.vNow youll hear two long conversations. Conversation OnevW: Hello, G

31、ray. Howre you?vM: Fine! And yourself ?vW: Cant complain. Did you have time to look at my proposal （19题题B项）项）?vM: No, not really. Can we go over it now?vW: Sure. Ive been trying to come up with some new production and advertising strategies （19题题D项）项）. First of all, if we want to stay competitive, w

32、e need to modernize our factory （21题题B项）项）. New equipment shouldve been installed long ago.v M: How much will that cost? vW: We have several options ranging from one hundred thousand dollars all the way up to half a million.vM: OK. We ll have to discuss these costs with finance. vW: We should also c

33、onsider human resources （21题）题）. Ive been talking to personnel as well as our staff at the factory.vM: And what s the picture?vW: We ll probably have to hire (21题题B项项) a couple of engineers to help us modernize the factory.vM: What about advertising (22题题)?vW: Marketing has some interesting ideas fo

34、r television commercials (22题题A B D 项项) .vM: TV ? Isnt that a bit too expensive (22题题B项项 X) for us? Whats wrong with advertising in the papers (22题题C项项 ) as usual? vW: Quite frankly, its just not enough (22题题C项项) anymore. We need to be more aggressive in order to keep ahead of our competitors.vM: Wi

35、ll we be able to afford all this? vW: Ill look into it, but I think higher costs will be justified. These investments will result in higher profits for our company.vM: Well have to look at the figures more closely. Have finance draw up a budget for these investments. vW: All right. Ill see to it.vQu

36、estions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.v19. What are the two speakers talking about?v20. What does the woman say about the equipment of their factory?v21. What does the woman suggest about human resources?v22. Why does the woman suggest advertising on TV?主题和中心意思题（归纳题）D评论或

37、见解题 B评论或见解题 BCv对话特点分析对话：）内容是有关商务方面的讨论；）交谈者对话约个来回；）字数字；）共有个问题，其中一个归纳题（题），三个细节题（，题）；）对话难度适中，基本没有生词。vQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.v23. A) Searching for reference material. B) Watching a film of the 1930s. C) Writing a course book. D) Looking for a job in a movie

38、studio.v24. A) It s too broad to cope with. B) Its a bit outdated. C) It s controversial. D) It s of little practical value.v25. A) At the end of the online catalogue. B) At the Reference Desk. C) In the New York Times. D) In the Readers Guide to Periodical Literature.vConversation TwovW: Sir, youve

39、 been using the online catalogue (23题题A项项) for quite a while. Is there anything I can do to help you?vM: Well, Ive got to write a paper about Hollywood in the 30s and 40s, and Im really struggling. There are hundreds of books, and I just dont know where to begin.vW: Your topic sounds pretty big. Why

40、 dont you narrow it down (24题题) to something like uh the history of the studios during that time?vM: You know, I was thinking about doing that, but more than 30 books came up when I typed in “movie studios”.vW: You could cut that down (24题题) even further by listing the specific years you want. Try a

41、dding “1930s” or “1940s” or maybe “Golden Age”.vM: “Golden Age” is a good idea. Let me type that in hey, look, just 6 books this time. Thats a lot better.vW: Oh another thing you might consider have you tried looking for any magazine or newspaper articles?vM: No, Ive only been searching for books.vW

42、: Well, you can look up magazine articles in the Readers Guide to Periodical Literature (25题题D项项) . And we do have the Los Angles Times (25题题C项项 X) available over there. You might go through their indexers to see if theres anything you want.vM: Ok. I think Ill get started with these books and then I

43、ll go over the magazines.vW: If you need any help, Ill be over at the Reference Desk (25题题B项项 与问题无关与问题无关) .vM: Great, thanks a lot.vQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.v23. What is the man doing? v24. What does the librarian think of the topic the man is working on?v

44、25. Where can the man find the relevant magazine articles?行为和事件题 A评论或见解题 A 地点与场所题 Dv对话：）内容是图书馆工作人员在读者查阅信息时提供帮助； ）交谈者对话约个来回；）字数字； ）共有个问题，其中一个归纳题（题），两个细节题（，题）； ）对话难度适中，基本没有生词。注意事项v1) 听的过程中，一定要集中注意力，不要胡思乱想。同学们在平时训练中，就要注意加强大脑与听觉系统之间的协调与沟通。我们在以后的每一个测试开首，都会讲解实用技巧， 2) 心理状态就是一个人的心情。心情的好坏，会直接地影响我们工作、学习的效果。你也

45、能看到，在体育比赛中，由于心理状态的起伏，参赛选手的发挥会跟着有较大的起伏。同样的道理，心理状态的正常与否对参加听力考试的同学来说也至关重要。心理方面的任何失衡都会使你手忙脚乱，得分率降低，平时掌握的内容也有可能发挥不出来；相反，保持良好的心态，则会使你如虎添翼，发挥出最佳水平。 v3)考试中的心理偏差有两种，一是过于放松，难以集中注意力，总是想起别的东西，无法抓住听力内容的关键词；二是过于紧张，心跳加快，手心出汗，有头晕的感觉。出现前一种情况的同学要加强训练，找一个与考试环境相似的教室，模仿真实的考试场景，逐渐进入状态； 出现后一种情况的同学可能是对自己的能力估计不足，心中无数，有一种惧怕心

46、理。这就 要从自身做起，平时加强听力训练，做到有的放矢，弥补弱项。从而充满自信，保持心理稳定。在考前，把指令背熟，然后在放指令的录音时，阅读选择项，并进行有关的预测，这时，紧张的心理自然消除了。另外，要做到顺其自然，不要怕漏听一些非关键部分，像介词、连词、冠词等，总之不要去想一个没听到或一个不熟悉的单词，否则，会漏听更多内容。v4) 同音、近音词句一样，在英语语言中也有许多单词读音很接近。它们在被读出时，很容易造成干扰，使你产生多余的联想。另外，在对所提问题设定的选项中，通常会出现与听力材料中读音接近的单词，作为对原句中音或义的干扰。在遇到这类题时，要仔细，不要一看到干扰项就立即作出选择，从而

47、中了题设陷阱。比如： 原文：W: Ive got to buy a new car. M: Really? Q: What does the woman mean? 选项：A) She purchased a car recently. B) She knew the car was in the lot. C) She always forgets to clean her car. D) She really needs a new car. 可以看出，B)项中的knew是对原文中new的近音干扰，C)项中的forget是对have got to的近音干扰 v5)此外，还要注意语音、语调的

48、问题。中国考生对英语中以语调、语气表意的句子不熟悉，从而难以领会说话者要表达的真实意图，结果造成失分。因此，应试者应对这一项加以研究，并加强训练。以陈述句为表达形式而句末用升调，表示说话人的怀疑，不同意或不完全同意对方的观点。句子结构是陈述形式，但句末用的是降调或低升调，表示说话人的无所谓或乐观的态度，不表示怀疑。 感叹句用升调结尾，表怀疑。疑问句句末用升调表示怀疑，而用降调不表怀疑。如Is he honest?用降调表示说话者认为他是诚实的。同学们对连续和弱读的现象也应有所了解。 v）要做必要记录 对于记忆的培养很重要。记有两种形式，一是用脑记，二是用手记。人的脑力是有时间局限的，超出一定的时间，信息就会弱化，甚至消失。因此，训练作笔录能力大有好处。在听较长的信息时，一边脑记并理解，一边还要做笔录，只有这样，才能有效地理解和判断。如果没有记住关键内容，所做的判断当然无凭无据，正确性就会大打折扣。在四级考试中，听力两部分都要求考生具有迅速而准确地记录有效信息的能力。 在Section A中，有关于时间，数量推算之类的题目。做这类题目时，考生要记下有关数字，并作简单计算。否则，等听完之后，脑中暂歇的信息一经消退，你就可能无法得到正确答案，亦或出现混乱而出错 51 结束语结束语