2021届高考英语二轮复习专项解密12特殊句式含解析.doc

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1、解密12特殊句式序号题型真题Part 1解密高考考点综述 备考建议Part 2对点解密考点精准说1. 真题对点析1. 对点模拟练1.Part 3强化集训真题模测、典题模测Part 1解密高考【考点综述】在高中阶段，特殊句式比较杂乱掌握起来有一定的难度。对特殊句式的考查主要包括倒装句、强调句型，其中倒装句是高考的热点，强调句是高考的难点。同时，祈使句与陈述句的区别、省略与替代的合理运用也是高考考查的重点项目。【备考建议】根据高考对特殊句型的考察，在复习备考中，考生应该：1. 掌握倒装的必备条件及倒装的具体应用。2. 熟知强调句的基本结构及其疑问句句式、特殊疑问句式，注意其与结构相似的主从复合句的

2、区别。3. 掌握省略的一些基本原则，在行文中正确地使用省略。4. 掌握祈使句、感叹句的基本形式及用法。5. 掌握反意疑问句的构成和用法。Part 2对点解密【考点精准说】1-倒装（全部、部分） 全部倒装1. There be句型：可以用在这类句型中的动词除be外，还可用live，exist，remain，stand等作谓语。例如：(1) There are many students in the classroom.(2) Long long ago，there lived a king who loved horses very much.2. 用于“here（there，now，then

3、）+不及物动词+主语”的句型中，或以out，in，up，down，away等副词开头的句子里，以表示强调。例如：Here comes the bus.Out went the children.3. 由then引起，谓语为come，follow的句子。例如：(1) Then came a new difficulty.(2) Then followed eight years of the Anti-Japanese War.4. 当句首状语为表示地点的介词短语时，也常常引起全部倒装。例如：In the middle of our school stands a high building.5

4、. 表语放在句首时，倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”。表语常为形容词、过去分词和介词短语。例如：(1) Gone are the days when they would do what they liked.(2) Present at the meeting were Professor White，Professor Smith and many other guests.6. 表语放在句首时，倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”。表语常为形容词、过去分词和介词短语。例如：(1) Gone are the days when they would do what they liked.(

5、2) Present at the meeting were Professor White，Professor Smith and many other guests.部分倒装1. only+副词/介词短语/状语从句置于句首。例如：Only then did I realize the importance of English.注意：在only+状语从句+主句结构中，主句用倒装结构但从句用正常语序。Only when you have finished your homework can you go to the cinema.only修饰主语，不倒装。Only Tom knows ho

6、w to deal with the tough situation.2. 否定词(短语)开头的句子：表示否定意义的副词never，nor，neither；表示半否定意义的副词hardly，few，seldom，little；含有no和not的词组by no means(绝不)，in no time(很快)，at no time(在任何时候都不)，not until，not only but also.，no sooner.than(1) Never shall I believe you again.(2) Little did he know who the woman was.(3) N

7、ot until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.3. 以so开头，用“so+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语”表明前面叙述的肯定情况也适合于另一个人或物，译作“也，同样，也如此”。表示前面叙述的否定情况也适合于另一个人或物，用“neither/nor+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语”。译作“也不是，也没有”。例如：The boy left home, and so did his sister a week later.I dont think I can walk any further.Neither can

8、 I. Lets stop for a rest.注意：当so表示对前句内容的肯定、附和或进一步强调前面所说的情况，译作“的确，正是”时，用正常语序。例如： Tom works hard. So he does and so do you.4. 如果虚拟条件句的谓语含有were，should，had，可以把if省略，而将这三个词放于条件句主语前构成倒装。例如：If there should be a flood，what would we do？Should there be a flood，what would we do？5. 频度副词及短语often，always，now and the

9、n，many a time，every other day等放在句首时，有时也倒装。例如：Many a time has he come to comfort me.6.某些表示祝愿的句子也用倒装语序。例如：May you succeed！【真题对点析】11. （2017江苏） _ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it【参考答案】B【试题解析】考查虚拟语气和倒装。虚拟语气中，be动词统

10、一用were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略，同时把were/should/had提前，即Were /Should/ Had I.，故选B。句意：要不是老师们的支持，该生是无法克服她自己的困难的。2. （2016江苏）Not until recently_the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.A.they had encouragedB.had they encouragedC.did they encourageD.they encouraged【参考答案】C【试题解析】考查时态和倒装。根据时间状

11、语recently可知本句应用一般过去时。Not until+状语位于句首,句子采用部分倒装的语序,因此本题选择C。【对点模拟练】11.Only when Lily walked into the office _ that she had left the contract at home. A. she realized B. has she realized C. she has realized D. did she realize【答案】D【解析】句意：只有当莉莉走进办公室的时候，她才意识到她把合同忘家里了。本题考查only位于句首，引导的时间状语从句，主句要主谓倒装。根据时态和句意

12、可知选D。2.Not until he retired from teaching two years ago _ he consider having a holiday abroad.答案：did句意：直到他两年前从教学岗位上退休，他才考虑去国外度假。not until结构位于句首时，主句使用部分倒装语序，同时后面是实义动词，根据three years ago判断句子用一般过去时，答案为did。3Into the dark apartment _ (walk) David，who was quite surprised when everyone shouted “Happy birthd

13、ay！”答案：walked表示地点的介词短语置于句首，句子用完全倒装。由定语从句中动词的时态可判定此处用一般过去时。4Strange _ it might sound, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.答案：as/though句意：尽管他的主意可能听起来奇怪，但会上的所有人都接受了。as构成的倒装结构为“n./adj./adv./v.as主语谓语”，though也可以这样用。5I dont think that they will reach an agreement in such a short time._ d

14、o I. It will take time to find a winwin solution.答案：Neither/Nor句意：我认为他们不会在这么短的时间内达成协议。我也不这么认为。找到一个双赢的解决办法需要点时间。当两个不同的人对同一件事表示同样的观点时，陈述第二个人的观点，句子可以用倒装省略的形式，即so/neither/nor助动词主语。根据上文中的“I dont think”可知，应用副词Neither/Nor。【考点精准说】2-强调句型1. 强调句型的基本结构强调句型的基本结构为：It is/was被强调部分that/who其他成分。强调句型的一般疑问句：Is/Was it被强

15、调部分that/who其他成分？强调句型的特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词is/was itthat其他成分？2. 强调句型强调的成分强调句型强调的成分：主语、宾语、状语。被强调部分指人时，用who或that皆可；指物时，只能用that；被强调部分是时间、地点，原因或方式状语时，不用when，where，why或how而用that。 It was the boy that/who I met in the street yesterday. 我昨天在街道遇到的正是这个男孩。(强调宾语)It was in Beijing that we visited the Great Wall. 正是在北京我们参观了

16、长城。(强调地点状语)It is my mother who/that reminds me to get up on time every day. 每天都是我妈妈提醒我按时起床。(强调主语)3. 在强调句型中，强调原句中的主语时，that/who后的谓语单复数的确定。在强调句型中，若强调原句中的主语，that/who后的谓语动词的单复数应与被强调的主语的单复数形式保持一致。It is the little boy who/that has broken a beautiful jar.It is they who/that are going to attend your birthday

17、 party tomorrow.4. 对not.until结构的强调not.until结构的强调句型为It is/was not until.that.在这一固定句型中，由于not已经前移，that后只能用肯定形式。It was not until ten oclock that he went to bed. 直到10点他才睡觉。I didnt realize it until I got off the bus.It was not until I got off the bus that I realized it.5. 如何识别强调句型强调句型中的it is/was和that无实际意义

18、，去掉后，句子结构仍然完整、正确，句意仍然明确；而其他句型去掉it is/was和that后，句意不完整。It is for three hours that they have worked. 他们已经工作三个小时了。（强调句型）It is a wonder that he is still alive. 他还活着真是个奇迹。（it作形式主语）6. 使用强调句型的几个注意事项(1)若被强调成分是主语，who/that之后的谓语动词应该在人称和数上与被强调的主语保持一致。It is he who/that often helps me with my English.是他经常帮我学英语。It

19、is trees that we plant on the hillside every year.我们每年都在山坡上种的是树。(2)若被强调成分是作主语的代词，用主格；若是作宾语的代词，则用宾格。It was he that helped me yesterday.昨天帮我的人是他。It was me that he helped yesterday.他昨天帮的人是我。(3)强调句中只用两种时态，即一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时，用It was.that/who.，其余的时态用It is.that/who.。It is you who/that ar

20、e to blame.是你该受到指责。【真题对点析】21.（2018天津卷单项填空）It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house _ we saw Lily in the passenger seat.A. which B. thatC. when D. where【答案】B【解析】考查强调句。句意：只有当汽车在我们房子前停下来我们才看到在乘客位置的莉莉。这里考查强调句，强调句型结构为：It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。本题强调时间状语on

21、ly when the car pulled up in front of our house。故选B。2.（2017天津卷）It was when I got back to my apartment _ I first came across my new neighbors.A. who B. where C. which D. that【答案】D【解析】句意：当我回到我的公寓的时候，我首先遇见了我的新邻居。根据关键词It was开头，后面连词首选that，构成强调句型，但需要验证，本句中去掉It was 和that，句意完整，所以确定是强调句型。故选D。3.【2016天津】13. Yo

22、u are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel _ the coach picks up tourists.A. who B. which C. where D. that【答案】D【解析】句意：你在一个错误的地方等待。大客车是在旅店接送游客的。使用强调句，结构是：It is/was+强调部分+that+其余部分，如果强调部分是人，也可以用who，这句话强调的是地点状语at the hotel。故选D。4.【2016上海】(B)But like so many other things, it is only too much stress

23、(34)_ does you harm. 【答案】that【解析】考查强调句型。强调句型的基本结构为It is/was被强调成分that/who其它成分；其最大的特点就是去掉it is/wasthat/who句子仍然成立。要注意强调句型能强调除谓语动词以为的所有的句子成分。本句强调的是句子主语only too much stress。【对点模拟练】21I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesnt matter _ Im talking to.Awho is it thatBwho it is thatCit is wh

24、o thatDit is whom that【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：我一直很诚实很直率，我和谁谈话不重要。It doesnt matter后面是主语从句，主语从句是和强调句的特殊问句：疑问词+is/was+it +that+其余部分，排除CD，另外语序是陈述句语序，排除A。选B。考点：考查强调句的特殊问句做主语从句2It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic Zheng He had sailed to East Africa.AwhenBthatCafterDsince【答案】B【解析】考查强调句

25、型。句意：在哥伦布横跨大西洋80年前郑和已经航行到达东非了。本题是强调句型，首先要知道强调句的结构：It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子的其他成分，如果被强调的部分是人，可以用who代替that。强调句的用法及判断：如果把句子中的It is/wasthat去掉，稍加调整语序，能还原成完整的句子，并且句子意思依然完整，则为强调句型，否则为其他从句。本句强调的是时间状语80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic。Zheng He had sailed to East Africa 80 years befor

26、e Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic.是完整的句子, 故B正确。3It was when the private company successfully launched astronauts into space_I knew it would open up more opportunities in the space industry.AwhichBhowCwhereDthat【答案】D【解析】考查强调句型。句意：当私人公司成功地将宇航员送入太空时，我知道这将为航天工业开辟更多的机会。强调句型的结构为It is/was + 被强调部分

27、+that/who +其它。当被强调内容为人时，用who,其它全部用that。该句式的特点为去掉It is/was和 that，其余部分在不添加内容的情况下，重写后依然为完整的句子。本句中去掉It is/was和 that，重写句子为：When the private company successfully launched astronauts into space, I knew it would open up more opportunities in the space industry.其中whenspace,为时间状语从句，其余部分为主语。句子结构完整。所以，选项D符合题意。故

28、选D。4It was with his iron-fistapproach_ corruption in the southern state _the 70-year-old man built a political name.Ato fighting, whereBof fighting, thatCof fighting, whereDto fighting, that【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词和强调句式。句意：这位70岁的老人正是凭借他在南方各州打击腐败的铁拳手段，建立了自己的政治名声。approach to doing sth.做某事的方法。此句是强调句式，所以第二空填tha

29、t，故选D。5It was then _ Claire realized that Tony had opened the curtains of the front window.AthatBwhenCwhichDwho【答案】A【解析】考查强调句型。句意：就在那时，克莱尔意识到托尼打开了前窗的窗帘。此处是强调句型：It is/was +强调部分+that+其他。故选A。【考点精准说】3-省略句1. 如果复合句中的时间、条件、原因状语从句用了主语+be+分词结构，且主、从句主语一致时，可省略从句的连接词、主语和be动词，只保留分词和其他成分。例如：Lost in thought，he alm

30、ost ran into the car in front of him. (Lost in thought为As he was lost in thought的省略)2. 如复合句中从句的句尾和主句相重复的话，从句的句尾可省略。例如：(1) Li Lei will play football if Mike will (play football).(2) Mary is going to sweep the floor because Alice wont (sweep the floor).3. 在回答问句及其他形式的答语中，如有和上文重复的不定式时，在答语中只保留其不定式符号to，而把

31、动词和其他部分省略。例如： Ill be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat？ Not at all. Id be happy to. (Id be happy to后省略了look after your cat)4. 在英语中，有一些特殊的省略结构，如：What/How about.？Why not do.？等实际上已形成了习惯用法。例如： I usually go there by train.Why not try going by boat for a change？【真题对点析】31.(2018全国

32、卷，70)Chinas approach to protecting its environment while _ (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，” says the banks Juergen Voegele.答案：feeding此处是省略句。状语从句主语为it，谓语动词含有be动词时，可以省略it和be。由“连词doing”构成，表示主动的动作。相当于while it is feeding its citizens . 。(2016浙江)

33、 Had the governments and scientists not worked together, AIDS-related deaths _ since their highest in 2005.A. had not fallen B. would not fall C. did not fall D. would not have fallen【参考答案】D 【试题解析】句意：如果政府和科学家不共同努力，艾滋病相关的死亡就不会从2005年的最高点下降。使用虚拟语气， if条件句用的had done，而且省略if，将had提前，主句用would have done表示对过去情

34、况的虚拟。故选D。【对点模拟练】31. Evidence suggests that you can remove more germs(病菌)from your hands for this amount of time while (wash)your hands.【答案】washing【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：有证据表明,在洗手的过程中,你可以在这段时间内去除手上更多的细菌。此处补全为while you are washing your hands。2,.I hope youll visit China next month. If _， Id like to be your t

35、our guide.答案：soif so “如果这样的话”，属于省略。3You didnt wait for Mr Smith last night, did you?No, but we didnt need _. He didnt return home at all.答案：to作为实义动词的need后接动词不定式，to后省略了wait for Mr Smith以避免重复，省略时需保留动词不定式符号。故填to。【考点精准说】4-反意疑问句、祈使句和感叹句反意疑问句是指当提问的人对前面所叙述的事实不敢肯定，而需要向对方加以证实时所提出的问句。形式：句子+简短的疑问 1.反意疑问句的一般情况：

36、(1) 当陈述部分的主语是everyone，everybody，someone，no one，nobody，somebody等时，其附加部分的主语强调全部可用they，强调个体也可用he。例如：Everyone knows what money means，doesnt he/dont they？(2) 当陈述部分的主语是指示代词this，that或these，those时，附加问句中的主语分别用it和they。例如： These are your friends Tom and Jack, arent they？(3) 当陈述部分的主语是everything，anything，nothing

37、等时，附加问句中的主语用it。例如：Everything seems all right now，doesnt it？(4) 陈述部分带有否定词或半否定词，如：never，hardly，scarcely，seldom，no，none，no one，rarely，nowhere，nothing，nobody，few，little等，附加问句一般用肯定式。例如：She seldom goes to the cinema，does she？2.常见句型的反意疑问句：(1) 当陈述部分是there be句型时，其后的附加问句也用there。There will be a special exhibit

38、ion on tomorrow，wont there？(2) 祈使句后面的反意疑问句问题：祈使句是否定形式，附加疑问部分只能用will you。Dont forget the meeting，will you？祈使句是肯定形式，附加疑问部分用肯定、否定均可。Give me some cigarettes，will you/ wont you？3.复合句的反意疑问句当陈述部分是“Im sure，Im afraid，I dont think(suppose，expect，imagine，believe等)+宾语从句”结构时，附加问句应与从句主语和谓语动词保持对应关系，但要注意陈述部分的否定转移现象

39、。4.关于情态动词的反意疑问句：(1) 陈述部分中有have/had to，附加疑问句部分通常用do的相应形式代替。例如：You have to get up early tomorrow to catch the first bus，dont you？(2) 陈述部分中是mustnt表示“禁止”时，附加疑问句部分用must；陈述部分中的must表示“一定、想必”等推测意义时，附加疑问句部分则是根据陈述部分的谓语动词或其助动词来定。(3) 陈述部分是I wish，表示询问或征求意见，附加疑问部分用may I。例如：I wish to see you again，may I？祈使句祈使句的主语是

40、you，但一般被省略；当前面有呼语时，一般得补出主语you；否定式一般是在前面加Dont。 在“祈使句，+andorand then+句子”句型中，当祈使句中含有比较级时，可将祈使句中的谓语部分省略，只留下“比较级或比较级与名词，+andorand then+句子”。 感叹句句型：what +a(n)+adj +n+主语+be!；How +adjadv+主语+动词!【真题对点析】4 1. (2018北京卷单项填空) In any unsafe situation, simply _ the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the h

41、elp you need.A. press B. to press C. pressing D. pressed【答案】A【解析】考查祈使句。句意：在任何不安全的情况下，仅仅摁一下这个按钮，一个训练有素的特工就会使你得到你需要的帮助。and是连词，连接并列结构，and后面是一个句子，那么，前面也应是句子，选项中只有动词原形可以构成祈使句，其余的都是非谓语动词，无法构成句子。故A选项正确。2.【2015湖南】31.Always _ in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.A. to keep B. t

42、o have keptC. keep D. have kept【答案】C 【解析】考查祈使句。这是一个完整的句子，而that引导的是宾语从句，因此只能是祈使句。故选C。句意：永远记住，你的主要任务就是让这个公司平稳运行。【对点模拟练】41. Always _ in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.A. to keepB. to have keptC. keepD. have kept【参考答案】C 【答案解析】考查祈使句。这是一个完整的句子，而that引导的是宾语从句，因此只能是祈使句。故选C。句

43、意：永远记住，你的主要任务就是让这个公司平稳运行。【名师点睛】祈使句表请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告等。祈使句分为第二人称祈使句及第、三人称祈使句两大类。祈使句用于两个重要句型中：祈使句+and+表结果的陈述句用来叙述肯定的条件；祈使句+or(else)+表结果的陈述句用来叙述否定的条件，or(else)表示否则；句首以动词原形开头。从本题的成分来判断，可以看出是考查祈使句。2.The little boy came riding at full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. a dangerous scene it was!【答案】What【解

44、析】考查感叹句。分析句子结构可知此处为感叹句，为”What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语”结构，故填What。Part 3强化集训【真题模测】一单句语法填空1.(2018全国卷，70)Chinas approach to protecting its environment while _ (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，” says the banks Juergen Voegele.2.【2016上海】(B)But like s

45、o many other things, it is only too much stress(34)_ does you harm. 3,.I hope youll visit China next month. If _， Id like to be your tour guide.4You didnt wait for Mr Smith last night, did you?No, but we didnt need _. He didnt return home at all.5Into the dark apartment _ (walk) David，who was quite surprised when everyone shouted “Happy birthday！”6.Strange _ it might sound, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.7I dont think that they will reach an agreement in such a short time._ do I. It will take time to find a winwin solution.8.Evidence suggests that you c