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1、第四学时Grammar观察领悟观察领悟下列句子，注意“it”的用法。1It is a beautiful day here and I am sitting under a big tree at the end of the garden.2It seems amazing that at my age I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometres in an afternoon.3Its my birthday in two weeks time and Ill be 82 years old!4.and now you are finding
2、it difficult to give it up.5Believe me，I know how easy it is to begin smoking and how tough it is to stop.6This means that after a while your body becomes accustomed to having nicotine in it.7I was addicted in all three ways，so it was very difficult to quit.8. It is not easy to stop smoking.自我总结1it用
3、于指时间、距离和自然现象等，如句子_。2it用作形式主语，代替动词不定式，动名词或从句，如句子_。3it作形式宾语 ，如句子_。4it用于指人以外的一切生物、无生命的东西和事情，如句子_。答案：11、32.2、5、7、83.44.6一、用于指人以外的一切生物、无生命的东西和事情一般指说话者心目中已经了解或所指的生物、无生命的东西或事情，没有性别的区分；可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词，在句子中既可以作主语，也可以作宾语。1指动物和植物。Look at that bird. It always comes to my window.看看那只鸟。它总是飞到我的窗前来。2指代无生命的东西。This
4、 is my watch. Its made in Switzerland.这是我的手表。它是瑞士产的。3代替上文提到过的整个事情。Well，you mustnt play on the road. Its dangerous!哦，你不能在马路上玩。这是危险的！二、用于指代人1指代说话者心目中不太清楚的那个人，常在打电话或敲门时用。Who is knocking at the door?Its me.谁在敲门？是我。2指说话者心目中的那个人。Look，someone is coming. Who can it be?It may be the headmaster.看，有人过来了。他可能是谁呢
5、？可能是校长。3在回答用指示代词表示人的特殊问句时，常用it指人。Whos that?Is it Helen?Yes，I think youre right. Its Helen.那人是谁？是海伦吗？是的，我想你说对了，是海伦。三、用于指时间、距离和自然现象等1表示时间。Whats the date?Its the third of March.今天是几月几日？今天是3月3日。2表示距离。Its only five minutes walk from here.离这儿仅有五分钟步行的路程。3表示自然现象。It is going to rain.天要下雨了。4表示环境、形势等。If its co
6、nvenient，I can see you tomorrow.如果方便的话，我明天能见到你。四、用作形式主语，代替动词不定式，动名词或从句1It is clear (obvious，true，possible，certain.) that.该句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，常译为“清楚(显然，真的，可能，肯定)”。It is very clear that he doesnt like it.That he doesnt like it is very clear.很清楚他不喜欢它。2It is said (reported/learned/believed/tho
7、ught/known/told/hoped.) that.该句型中的it仍是形式主语，真正主语是that引导的主语从句；该结构常译为“据说(据报道，据悉)”。It is reported that another satellite has been put into orbit.据报道又一颗卫星被送入轨道。3It is time (about time，high time) that.该句型中that后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是从句的谓语动词常用过去时态表示虚拟，有时也用should动词原形，should不能省，常译为“是(正是)的时候了”。It is time that child
8、ren should go to bed.It is time that children went to bed.孩子们该睡了。4It is the first (second.) time that.该句型中的that从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态，该结构中that可以省去；it有时用this/that替换，常译为“是第一(二)次做”。It is the first time I have been here.这是我第一次到这里来。5It is a pity
9、 (a shame/an honour/a good thing/a fact/a surprise/.) that.该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气(should动词原形)，should可省去，表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in your class.这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！It is a pity that he is ill.他生病了，真遗憾！6It happens (seems，looks，appears) that.该句型中it是形式主语，
10、that引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen，seem等词是不及物动词。It seems that he will be back in a few days.看来他再过几天才能回来。7It beadj.(kind，nice，brave，clever，stupid.) of sb.to do sth.该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定式的逻辑主语由of引起，句中的形容词必须是表示逻辑主语特征的形容词(即句中的形容词是修饰逻辑主语的)。常见的形容词有bad，brave，careless，clever，cruel，foolish，good(好心的)，honest，horrible，kind
11、，lazy，modest，naughty，nice，polite，rude，silly，stupid，wise，wrong等。这个句型可以转换为：sb.isadj.to do sth.It is kind of you to say so.You are kind to say so.你这么说真是太善良了。8It beadj.(difficult，easy，hard，important) for sb.to do sth.该句型与上一个同属一个句型。不定式的逻辑主语由for引起，形容词常表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况(即句中的形容词是修饰动词不定式的)。常见的形容词有impor
12、tant，necessary，natural等；easy，safe，common，normal，hard，difficult，dangerous，unusual，impossible，pleasant等。It is important for her to come to the party.It is important that she (should) come to the party.对她来说，参加这次聚会很重要。9It takes sb.some time to do sth.做某事要花费某人一些时间。It took me five days to solve the proble
13、m.解决这个问题花了我五天时间。10It costs sb.some money to do sth.做某事要花费某人一些钱。It will cost my father five thousand yuan to buy such a computer.买这台电脑花了我父亲5 000元。11Its up to sb.to do sth.应由某人(负责)做It is up to you to decide whether to take the job or not.做不做这份工作由你决定。12Its useless/(of) no use/(of) no good doing sth.该句型
14、常译为“做也是徒然的/没有益处的”，句中的动名词短语是真正的主语，表语可以是no use(not any use)，no good(not any good)等。Its no use arguing with her.跟她争论没有用。五、作形式宾语1用于 “主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语” 句型中：当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词或宾语从句时，常使用it作形式宾语，而往往把真正的宾语不定式、动名词或宾语从句置于补足语之后。I think it important that we should keep calm.我认为我们应该保持安静，这很重要。I feel it my duty that I
15、should devote myself to teaching.我感到致力于教学是我的责任。I make it a rule that I read English every morning.每天早晨读英语是我的习惯。2用于“主语及物动词宾语”句型中：有些动词或短语动词不能直接跟that引导的宾语从句，需要在从句前先加上形式宾语it。(1)appreciate，dislike，hate，like，love，make(按时到达，成功)，have(表明，坚持说)，take(认为，猜想)，hide(隐瞒)，publish(公布)，put(表达，写出来)等。I take it that you w
16、ill be leaving Shanghai soon.我认为你会很快离开上海。The report has it that no one was to blame for the accident.报告表明没有人要对这次事故负责。We published it that we had finished the project ahead of time.我们宣布我们已提前竣工了。(2)answer for(承担的后果)，count on(期待)，depend on(依靠)，insist on(坚持主张，坚决要求)，see to(确保)等。I am counting on it that y
17、ou will come.我期待你会来。一、同义句转换(用it改写句子)1To know your limitations is important._答案： It is important to know your limitations.2Whether it will do us harm or good remains to be seen._答案： It remains to be seen whether it will do us harm or good. 3.How many people are to come is still a question._答案： It is
18、still a question how many people are to come.4What he meant was clear enough._答案： It was clear enough what he meant.5The harvest happened to be bad that year._答案： It happened that the harvest was bad that year.6People say that there has been an earthquake in Japan._答案： It is said that there has been
19、 an earthquake in Japan.7That he is still alive is a wonder._答案： It is a wonder that he is still alive.8To do that is against the law._答案：It is against the law to do that.二、翻译下列句子1我们买了一所新房子但搬进去之前还需要很多工作。_答案：We bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before we can move in.2从我的学校到医院(距离)很远。_答
20、案：It is a long way from my school to the hospital.3寻找回家的路不容易。_答案：It wont be easy finding our way home.4我感到致力于教学是我的责任。_答案：I feel it my duty that I should devote myself to teaching.5报告表明没有人要对这次意外负责。_答案：The report has it that no one was to blame for the accident.三、语法填空The best place for a summer holida
21、y is the seaside.Some children are lucky enough to live near the sea，but for the others who do not，1._ week or two at one of the biggest seaside towns is 2._they will talk about for the whole of the 3._ (follow) year.In England，it is not only the rich 4._ can take their children to the seaside；if a
22、factory worker or a bus driver，a street cleaner or a waiter (want) to take his wife and children to Southend or Margate，he is usually quite able to do so.Now，6._ is it that children like so much about the seaside？I think it is the sand，the sea and the sun more than any other things.Of course，there a
23、re lots of exciting things 7._(see)，and to do，but it is the feeling of sand under feet，of salt water on ones skin，and of the warm sun on ones back 9._ makes the seaside what is!1.解析： a week or two一两个星期。答案：a2that3.following4.who5.wants6.what7解析：不定式作后置定语与后面的to do并列。答案：to see8ones9解析：这是强调句型it is.that.答
24、案：that10it四、单句改错1. Susan made this clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself._答案：thisit2. Id appreciate you if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come._答案：youit3. An average of just 18.75cm of rain fell last year, making one the driest year since California became a state in 1850._答案：oneit4. The two girls are so alike that strangers find that difficult to tell one from the other._答案：thatit5. They are good friends. There is no wonder that they know each other so well._答案：ThereIt
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