2022年初中英语主谓一致 .pdf

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1、学习必备欢迎下载主谓一致主谓一致是指：1） 语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。3） 就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语，一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。There is much water in the thermos. 但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year. 15.1 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数Reading and writing are very imp

2、ortant. 注意：当主语由and 连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 典型例题The League secretary and monitor _ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. isB. wasC. areD. were 答案 B. 注：先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时，先排除A.，C.。本题易误选 D，因为 The League s

3、ecretary and monitor 好象是两个人，但仔细辨别，monitor 前没有 the，在英语中， 当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人，所以应选B。15.2 主谓一致中的靠近原则1）当 there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class. 2）当 eith

4、er or 与 neither nor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here, there 引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。Either you or she is to go. Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 15.3 谓语动词与前面的主语一致当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。The teacher toget

5、her with some students is visiting the factory. He as well as I wants to go boating. 15.4 谓语需用单数1） 代词 each和由 every, some, no, any 等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有each, every, 谓语需用单数。Each of us has a tape-recorder. There is something wrong with my watch. 2） 当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。The Arabian Night is a book known

6、to lovers of English.是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载3） 表示金钱， 时间， 价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。(用复数也可，意思不变。) Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. Ten yuan is enough. 15.5 指代意义决定谓语的单复数1） 在代词 what, which, who, none, some

7、, any, more, most, all 等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。All is right.(一切顺利。 ) All are present.(所有人都到齐了。) 2） 集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee 等词后用复数形式时，意为这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时表示该个集体。His family isn t very large.他家不是一个大家庭。His family are music lovers.他的家人都是音乐爱好者。但集合名词people

8、, police, cattle, poultry 等在任何情况下都用复数形式。Are there any police around? 3）有些名词，如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数，有时看作复数。A number of + 名词复数 +复数动词。The number of +名词复数 +单数动词。A number of books have lent out. The majority of the students like English. 15.6 与后接名词或代词保持一致1）用 half of, p

9、art of, most of, a portion of 等词引起主语时， 动词通常与of 后面的名词，代词保持一致。Most of his money is spent on books. Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 2） 在一些短语，如many a 或 more than one 所修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than of 作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。Many a person has read the novel.许多人都读过这本书。More than 6

10、0 percent of the students are from the city. 百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载主谓一致的用法及专项练习题一、主谓一致三原则主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。1. 语法一致原则： 指主语是单数形式， 谓语动词用单数形式， 主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。Tom is a good student. 汤姆是个好学生。They often pla

11、y football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。2. 意义一致： 指主语形式上为单数， 但意义为复数， 因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数 , 但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。My family are having lunch now. 我们一家人现在正吃午饭。Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 这本书 20 美元太贵了。3. 就近一致：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。例如：Not only the teacher but also his students

12、like playing football. 不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。There is a pen and some books on the desk. 课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。二、 主谓一致常考题型1. 单数名词 (代词)，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式，复数名词(代词)作主语，谓语用精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载复数形式。The desk is Tom s. 这张桌子是汤姆的。Some water is in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。The st

13、udents are playing football on the playground. 这些学生正在操场上踢足球。2. many a+ 单数名词作主语，意义虽为“许多”，但谓语要用单数形式。Many a student has been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。3. more than one+单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。More than one student has ever been to Beijing. 不止一个学生曾经去过北京。4. 表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。例如：Two mo

14、nths is a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。Twenty pounds isn t so heavy. 2 0 英镑并不太重。Ten miles isnt a long distance. 1 0 英里并不是一段很长的距离。Five minus four is one. 5 减 4 等于 1。5. 主语是 each/every+ 单数名词 +and(each/every)+ 单数名词时， 谓语动词用单数。Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。Every man and every woman is at

15、work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。6. one and a half+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 One and a half hours is enough. 一个半小时足够了。7. 动词不定式，动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。To see is to believe 眼见为实。Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。8. a/an+ 单数名词 +or two 作主语，谓语

16、动词用单数。A student or two has failed the exam. 一两个学生考试不及格。9. 当主语部分含有 with ，together with ，along with ，as well as，besides ，except ，but ，like等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词用单数形式；但“名词+as well as+名词”时，谓语动词一般应与第一个名词一致。Mike with his father has been to England. 迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。 Mike,like his brother,enjoys playing football 迈克像他的

17、哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting.10. 由 and 连接的两个单数名词作主语时， 一般用复数形式， 但 and所连接的并列主语是同一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下：a/the+ 单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物；a/the+ 单数名词 +and+a/the+ 单数名词，指两个人或物。The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。 ( 作家和教师指同一个人 ) The writer and the t

18、eacher are coming. 作家和老师来了。 ( 作家和老师是两个人 ) 11. people,police等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，family,class,group,team等集体名词作精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指一个具体成员时，谓语动词复数形式。 People here are very friendly. 这儿的人很友好。 His family isnt large. 他家的人不多。 My family all li

19、ke watching TV. 我们一家人都喜欢看电视。12. 不定代词 somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything,nobody, no one, nothing作主语，谓语动词用单数，Is everyone here today. 今天大家到齐了吗？Something is wrong with him. 他有毛病。Nobody was in. 没有人在家。13. each, either, neither, another, the other 作主语，谓语动词用单数。E

20、ach of them has an English dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英语词典。Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不正确。14. 以s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news, maths, physics等， No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。Maths is very popular in our class 在我们班数学很受欢迎。15. 由 bothand连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；由or, eitheror，neither nor, not onlybut als

21、o , not but , 连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。Either my wife or I am going.Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else knows the answer.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载Not only you but also he is ready to leave.如果 either, each, neither作主语，则动词为单数形式。Each of us has his likes and d

22、islikes.Neither of the books is very interesting.16. 如果主语是由“ a series of, a kind of, a portion of+等+名词”构成时，动词一般用单数形式。 A series of pre-recorded taps has been prepared for language laboratory use.但 a variety of, a number of +名词复数，动词要用复数形式; . 而 the number of + 复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。 On exhibition there are a

23、 great variety of consumer goods.The number of the students is over eight houndred17以 here，there 开关的句子，若主语在两个或两个以上，谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致There is a book and three pens on the desk. Here are some books and paper for you.18. the+形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式，表示抽象概念时，用单数形式. The poor are very happy,but the rich are sad.

24、The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。三肯定与否定一致精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载下列形容词、副词、代词从肯定句变成否定句时须作相应的变化。 Weve had some(money). We havent had any(money). I was talking to someone. I wasnt talking to anyone. They sometimes visit us. They rarely (never, seldom)visit us.

25、 He has arrived already. He hasnt arrived yet. Li is coming too. Li isnt coming either. Both of us are going. Neither of us are going. He likes both of them. He doesnt like either of them.注意： so/neither+助动词+名词/ 代词结构中须用倒装语序。 My wife like classic music very much and so do I.She doesnt like jazz and ne

26、ither do I.主谓一致专项练习题1. Either Jane or Steven _ watching TV now. A. were B. is C. was D. are2. Two days _enough for me to finish the work, I need a third day.A. isn t B. is C. are t D. are精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载3. How many lessons do you usually haver a day?

27、Six lessons a day. And each of then _45 minutes. A. last B. lasts C. have D. are4. Neither Liping nor I _a basketball player. A. am B. is C. be D. are5. There _ many new words in lesson one,It is very easy. A. is B. aren t C. isn t D. are6. The number of the students in our school _1200. A. is B. ar

28、e C. has D. have7. Maths _ my favourite subject. A. be B. is C. am D. are8. The boy with the two dogs _ when the earthquake rocked the city. A. were sleeping B. is sleeping C. was sleeping D. are asle9. Every one except Tom and John _there when the meeting began. A. are B. is C. were D. was10. That

29、place is not interesting at all, _of us wants to go there. A. Neither B. Both C. All D. Some11. Nobody but Jane _ the secret. A. know B. knows C. have know D. is精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载12. Whats on the plate? some eggs and cakes on it? There _some eggs and ca

30、kes on it. A. is B. are C. was D. were13. This pair of glasses _mine. A. are B. be C. is D. will be14. Both Lily and Lucy _ to the party yesterday. A. invited B. was invited C. had invited D. were invirted15. Two months _quite a long time. Yes, I m afraid that he will miss lots of his lessons. A. is

31、 B. are C. was D. were16. In the city the old _. A. take good care of B. are taken good care of C. is taken good care of D. are been taken good care of17. His family _all very kind and friendly, His family _a happy one. A. are,is B. is,is C. are,are D. is,are18. The singer and the dancer _come to Be

32、ijing. A. has B. have C. are D. is19. The children in this class each _new school bag. A. have B. has C. has got D. are having精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载20. All but one _ here just now. A. is B. was C. has been D. were 21. If Bobs wife wont agree to go on holid

33、ay in winter, .A.neither he will B. neither wont heC. neither will he D. he wont neither22. I havent finished my homeworked yet. A. so has he B. Neither he has C. He has too D. He hasnt either23. “Im going to visit the Lu Gou Bridge tomorrow.” “ . ” A. I am so B. So am I C. So go I D. So I go24. You

34、 as well as he to blame(责备) for the accident（交通事故）.A. are B. is C. have D. has25. Neither my wife nor I myself able to teach my daughter to sing English songs.A. has been B. is C. are D. am 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载主谓一致练习题参考答案(1).B (2). A (3). B (4). A (5).B (6).A (7).B (8). C (9). D (10). A (11).B (12).B (13).C (14). D (15).A (16).B (17).A (18).B (19).A (20) D (21).C (22). D (23). B (24). A (25). D精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 12 页