高中英语公开课优质课件精选——英汉对比.ppt

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1、Basic Scientific andTechnical Translation (I),1. 翻譯的自由度,1.1 直譯 vs 意譯 1.2 不同的自由度 1.2.1 逐字對譯 (word for word translation) 1.2.2 字面翻譯 (literal translation) 1.2.3 語意翻譯 (semantic translation) 1.2.4 傳意翻譯 (communicative translation) 1.2.5 編譯 (free translation) 1.2.6 改寫 (adaptation),2.英漢詞彙現象的對比,2.1 詞義對應 2.1.

2、1 完全對應 City University of Hong Kong香港城市大學 International Atomic Energy Agency國際原子能機構 The Pacific Ocean太平洋 Temperature溫度 DNA脫氧核糖核酸 Retina視網膜 Optical fibers光學纖維,2.英漢詞彙現象的對比,2.1.2 部分對應 uncle叔、伯、舅、姑丈、姨丈 cake糕、餅、酥 tank容器、罐、槽、箱、櫃 / 坦克 / 郵輪 (艙) tanker郵輪 / 罐車 / 坦克手 / 空中加油飛機 動筆！ gun tape,2.英漢詞彙現象的對比,2.1.3 “le

3、xical gap” 兩種語言之間未有確切對應 創造新詞 “shutter” 【攝】快門 “galactic center”【天】銀心 “amperometric titration” 【化】電流滴定 “resweat” 【工】再發汗 / 再發酵 “pleuron”【動】側板 “plexor” 【醫】叩診槌,2.英漢詞彙現象的對比,2.1.4 一詞多義 (polysemy) “soft” a soft aboveground launching site 無堅固掩體的地面發射基地 soft drug 軟性毒品 soft intelligence 軟性情報 透過非正式渠道獲得的情報 不充分、不可

4、靠的情報,2.英漢詞彙現象的對比,2.2 詞的搭配 “cut” to cut wheat to cut cake to cut cost to cut finger-nails cutting angle cutting cylinder cutting pliers,割麥子 切蛋糕 降低成本 剪 / 修*指甲 【機】切削角 【印】裁紙滾筒 【工】剪鉗,2.英漢詞彙現象的對比,2.2 詞的搭配 “blind” blind gut blind axle blind lode blind coal blind seed blind lake,【醫】盲腸 【機】游軸 【礦】無露頭礦脈 【礦】無煙煤

5、【植】死種子 【地】死湖、封閉湖,2.英漢詞彙現象的對比,2.2 詞的搭配 “universal” universal rule universal truth universal meter universal motor universal valve universal constant universal class,一般法則 普遍真理 【電】萬用表 【電】交直流兩用電機 【機】萬向閥 【物】通用常數、普適恆量 【數】全類,2.英漢詞彙現象的對比,2.2 詞的搭配 “open” an open book an open question open speech open air 動筆！

6、 open wires open wound open circuit,打開的書 懸而未決的問題 開幕詞 露天,2.英漢詞彙現象的對比,2.2 詞的搭配 He wore dark glasses and thick jersey, and stopped up his ears with cotton wool. 他戴黑眼鏡，穿厚毛衣，耳朵裡塞了棉花。 Insects may damage or kill cultivated plants, they may damage or contaminate stored foods and other products, and they may

7、 attack man or animals and bite, sting, or act as vectors of disease. 昆蟲可破壞作物，令其死亡；損害、污染儲糧及其他製品；襲擊人畜，叮咬致傷，也可充當疾病病媒。,2.英漢詞彙現象的對比,2.2 詞的搭配 動筆！ The migrating birds stop at Lake Karo to fuel up on small trouts before they move further southwards.,3. 詞義,3.1 詞義的選擇 3.1.1 根據詞在句中的詞類來選擇和決定詞義 He likes mathemat

8、ics more than Physics. 他喜歡數學甚於物理學。 Fine grains of dust shinning like gold. 細微的塵埃像金子般閃閃發亮。 Like charges repel, unlike charges attract. 相似的電荷相斥，不似的電荷相吸。* 相同的電荷相斥，不同的電荷相吸。,3. 詞義,動筆！ Like poles of magnets will push away from each other. Metals like iron and copper are very useful. Plastics dont rust lik

9、e metal does. Insulators include rubber, glass, plastics and the like.,3. 詞義,3.1 詞義的選擇 3.1.2 根據上下文聯繫，以及詞在句中的搭配關係來選擇和決定詞義 動筆！ This is the last step of the therapeutic process. This feature is a last measure to be used only in an emergency.,3. 詞義,3.2 詞義的引申 Every life has its roses and thorns. 每個人的生活都有

10、甜有苦。* 每個人的生活都有苦有甜。 Environmental horticulture is an important part of the green industry. 環境園藝是綠色產業的重要部份。,3. 詞義,3.2 詞義的引申 Whichever way the two-way switches are left, one of the wires is “alive” and the other is “dead”. 無論雙路開關擱在哪一邊，兩根導線中總有一根是帶電的，一根是不帶電的。 Such a ring of conductors is called an electr

11、ic circuit. 導體的這樣一個環路稱為電路。 Semiconductors belong to a half-way house between insulators and conductors. 半導體是介於絕緣體與導體之間的一種中間結構。,3. 詞義,3.2 詞義的引申 動筆！ The electric generator has been given a good checking. IPC took over an immense range of tasks from workers muscles and brains. There is no physical cont

12、act between tool and workpiece.,3. 詞義,3.2 詞義的引申 (續) Current and voltage measure the amount of work. 電流和電壓量度作工的量。* 通過電流和電壓可算出功率。 電流乘電壓表示功率的大小。 電流和電壓決定功率大小。,3. 詞義,3.2 詞義的引申 (續) 動筆！ When we speak, sound waves begin to travel and go in all direction. A gas takes both the size and the shape of the contai

13、ner.,4. 詞類轉譯法,4.1 名詞 4.1.1 轉譯為動詞 Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. 火箭已經用來探索宇宙。 Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves. 電視通過無線電波發送和接收活動物體的圖像。 Integrated circuits are fairly recent development. 集成電路是近年才發展起來的 (新元件)。,4. 詞

14、類轉譯法,4.1 名詞 （續） 動筆！ The report made no mention of the new epidemic. Air is a mixture of gases. Anyone who has a look at an old radio set will remember the large, heavy, dimly glowing vacuum tube.,4. 詞類轉譯法,4.1.2 轉譯為形容詞 His question reflected the enormity of his doubts. 他的問題反映出他有很大的懷疑。* 他的問題反映出他疑慮頗大。*

15、 他的問題反映出他疑慮重重。,4. 詞類轉譯法,4.1.2 轉譯為形容詞 Single crystal of high perfection are an absolute necessity for the fabrication of integrated circuits. 對製造集成電路來說，高純度的單晶是絕對必要的。 The electrical conductivity has great importance in selecting electrical materials. 在選擇電氣材料時，電導率是很重要的。 The photo mask must possess dime

16、nsional stability. 光掩模必須具備尺寸上的穩定性。* 光掩模的尺寸必須是穩定的。,4. 詞類轉譯法,4.1.2 轉譯為形容詞 動筆！ The lower stretches of rivers show considerable variety. The major difficulties encountered in the development of an HIV vaccine are scientific, not organizational.,4. 詞類轉譯法,4.2 形容詞 4.2.1 轉譯為動詞 This system makes these chemic

17、als soluble in water and thus easier to transport for eventual excretion through the kidneys and lower intestines. 該系統使這些化學物質溶於水，以便經由腎臟和大腸排出體外。 Also present in solids are large numbers of free electrons. 固體中也存在著大量自由電子。 固體中也充滿電子。,4. 詞類轉譯法,4.2.1 轉譯為動詞 動筆！ Platelets in the blood clump together to form

18、clots responsible for heart attacks and strokes. They were certain that the fluorescent effect was not due to cathode rays.,4. 詞類轉譯法,4.2.2 轉譯為名詞 They did their best to help the sick and the wounded. 他們盡了最大的努力幫助病患和傷員。 他們盡了最大的努力幫助病人和傷者。 Mercury is appreciably volatile even at room temperature. 即使在室溫下，

19、水銀的揮發性也很強。 即使在室溫下，水銀也容易揮發。,4. 詞類轉譯法,4.2.2 轉譯為名詞 動筆！ Computers are more flexible, and can do a greater variety of jobs. The electrolytic process for producing hydrogen is not as efficient as the thermochemical process.,4. 詞類轉譯法,4.2.3 轉譯為副詞 With slight repairs, the microphone resumed normal function.

20、稍加修理，話筒就回復正常功能。 A steady increase of load on a part will cause it to deform gradually. 不斷的增加零件的負荷會使零件逐漸變形。,4. 詞類轉譯法,4.3 動詞 4.3.1 轉譯為名詞 An electric current varies directly as the electromotive force and inversely as the resistance. 電流的變化與電動勢成正比，與電阻成反比。 A voltmeter connected across A and B would read

21、10 volts. A、B 兩點之間的電壓表讀數應為10 伏。,4. 詞類轉譯法,4.3.1 轉譯為名詞 動筆！ The instrument is characterized by its compactness and portability. An electron behaves like a wave as it travels .,4. 詞類轉譯法,4.4 副詞 4.4.1 轉譯為形容詞 Members of the group are not so closely related to each other as are the elements in the halogen f

22、amily. 這一族各元素之間的關係不像鹵族元素那樣密切。* 本族各元素之間的關係不像鹵族元素那樣密切。 The electrode is uniformly thin. 電極 / 極板均勻地薄。* 電極 / 極板薄而均勻。,4. 詞類轉譯法,4.4.2 轉譯為名詞 Potassium is very reactive chemically. 鉀的化學反應性很強。* 鉀的化學活性很高。 Enclosure size must be dimensionally correct. 箱體尺寸必須準確。,4. 詞類轉譯法,4.4.3 轉譯為動詞 The roots grow away from lig

23、ht and down in the gravity of direction. 根部朝地心方向，背光生長。,4. 詞類轉譯法,4.5 介詞 4.5.1 轉譯為動詞 The chlorine from salt is used for bleaching paper and textiles. 用食鹽製取的氯可用於漂白紙張和紡織品。 There are many substances through which electric currents will not pass at all. 有許多物質，電流是根本不能通過的。,4. 詞類轉譯法,4.5 介詞 4.5.1 轉譯為動詞 動筆！ Cell receptor research is in its infancy. This electric meter is of high sensitivity.,本節完,下週再見,