2021考研英语一真题及参考答案2021年英语一真题.doc

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1、2021考研英语一真题及参考答案_2021年英语一真题20_考研英语一真题及参考答案 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following te_t.Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding “yes!“ 1 helping you fe

2、el close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind.Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter.In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylva

3、nia e_amined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants susceptibility to developing the mon cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to e 8 with a cold ,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effect

4、s of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect.11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 .“Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds thats usually 14 with stress,“ notes Sheldon

5、 Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie.Hugging “is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty.“ Some e_perts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of o_ytocin, often called “the bonding hormone“ 18 it promotes

6、 attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies.O_ytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain , and some of it is released into the bloodstream.But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.1.A Unlike B Besides C De

7、spite D Throughout 【答案】B Besides 2.A connected B restricted C equal D inferior 【答案】A connected 3.A choice B view C lesson D host 【答案】D host 4.A recall B forget C avoid D keep 【答案】C avoid 5.A collecting B involving C guiding D affecting 【答案】B involving 6.A of B in C at D on 【答案】D on 7.A devoted B e_p

8、osed C lost D attracted 【答案】B e_posed 8.A across B along C down D out 【答案】C down 9.A calculated B denied C doubted D imagined 【答案】A calculated 10.A served B required C restored D e_plained 【答案】D e_plained 11.A Even B Still C Rather D Thus 【答案】A Even 12.A defeats B symptoms C tests D errors 【答案】B sym

9、ptoms 13.A minimized B highlighted C controlled D increased 【答案】D increased 14.A equipped B associated C presented D pared 【答案】B associated 15.A assess B moderate C generate D record 【答案】C generate 16.A in the face of B in the form of C in the way of D in the name of 【答案】A in the face of 17.A transf

10、er B mit C attribute D return 【答案】C attribute 18.A because B unless C though D until 【答案】A because 19.A emerges B vanishes C remains D decreases 【答案】C remains 20.A e_periences B bines C justifies Dinfluences 【答案】Dinfluences Te_t 1 First two hours, now three hours this is how far in advance authoriti

11、es are remending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S.airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return for increased safety.The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804, which terrorists may have dow

12、ned over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why.But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process.And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans economic and private lives, not to mention infuriatin

13、g.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration(TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons both fake and real past airport security nearly every time they tried.Enhanced security measures since then, bined with a rise in airline travel due to the im

14、proving economy and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicagos OHare International.It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has bee but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airl

15、ine travel, so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line.Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes.Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute t

16、his.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program.PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA.Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use e_pedited screening lanes.This

17、allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk, saving time for everyone involved.TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks.Sin

18、ce the beginning, this price tag has been PreChecks fatal flaw.Uping reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level.But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into unde

19、rused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines.It is long past time to make the program work.21.The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804 is mentioned to A e_plain Americans tolerance of current security checks.B stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.C high

20、light the necessity of upgrading major U.S.airports.D emphasize the importance of privacy protection.22.Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports? A New restrictions on carry-on bags.B The declining efficiency of the TSA.C An increase in the number of travellers.D Frequent u

21、ne_pected secret checks.23.The word “e_pedited” (Liner 4, Para.5) is closet in meaning to A quieter.B cheaper.C wider.D faster.24.One problem with the PreCheck program is A a dramatic reduction of its scale.B its wrongly-directed implementation.C the governments reluctance to back it.D an unreasonab

22、le price for enrollment.25.Which of the following would be the best for the te_t? A Less Screening for More Safety B PreCheck a Belated Solution C Getting Stuck in Security Lines D Underused PreCheck Lanes 答案：21-25 ACDDC Te_t 2 “The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,” wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawa

23、iis last reigning monarch, in 1897.Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society.Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today.Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanitys vi

24、ew of the cosmos.At issue is the TMTs planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko, that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens.But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the worlds most powerful telescopes.Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Keas peak ris

25、es above the bulk of our plas dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new.A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environmentalists have long viewed their presence as disrespect far sacred land and

26、a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers.In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is not the only way of understanding the world.They did not always prioritize the protection

27、of Mauna Keas fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the islands inhabitants.Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization.The same curiosity to find what li

28、es beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaiis shores inspires astronomers today to e_plore the heavens.Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions

29、about who we are, where we e from and where we are going.Perhaps that is why we e_plore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy munity is making promises to change its use of Mauna Kea.The TMT site was chosen to minimize the tel

30、escopes visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact.To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state.There is no reason why everyone cannot be weled on Mauna Kea to

31、 embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26.Queen Liliuokalanis remark in Paragraph 1 indicates A her conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.B the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.Cthe regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.D her appreciati

32、on of star watchers feats in her time.27.Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to A its geographical features.B its protective surroundings.C its religious implications.D its e_isting infrastructure.28.The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because A it may risk

33、 ruining their intellectual life.B it reminds them of a humiliating history.C their culture will lose a chance of revival.D they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29.It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in todays astronomy A is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.B helps spread Ha

34、waiian culture across the world.C may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.D will eventually soften Hawaiians hostility.30.The authors attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of A severe criticism.B passive acceptance.C slight hesitancy.D full approval.答案：26-30 DABCC Te_t 3 Rober

35、t F.Kennedy once said that a countrys GDP measures “everything e_cept that which makes life worthwhile.” With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness

36、 has annoyed policymakers for over half a century.Many argue that it is a flawed concept.It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do.By most recent measures, the UKs GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures.If everything was

37、 going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Bre_it, despite the warnings about what it could do to their countrys economic prospects? A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question.Across the 163 countries mea

38、sured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens.Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounde

39、d assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges, there are a number of consistent themes.Yes, there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2021 global crash, but in key indicators in areas such as health and education, major economies have

40、continued to decline.Yet this isnt the case with all countries.Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society, ine equality and environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn: When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure

41、of a countrys success, the world looks very different.So what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most mon method for measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longer enough.It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education

42、 outes all things that contribute to a persons sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth.But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than

43、 simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.31.Robert F.Kennedy is cited because he Apraised the UK for its GDP.Bidentified GDP with happiness.Cmisinterpreted the role of GDP.Dhad a low opinion of GDP.32.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that Athe U

44、K is reluctant to remold its economic pattern.Bthe UK will contribute less to the world economy.CGDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK.Dpolicymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP.33.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study? AIt e_cludes GDP as an i

45、ndicator.BIt is sponsored by 163 countries.CIts criteria are questionable.DIts results are enlightening.34.In the last two paragraphs, the author suggests that Athe UK is preparing for an economic boom.Bhigh GDP foreshadows an economic decline.Cit is essential to consider factors beyond GDP.Dit requ

46、ires caution to handle economic issues.35.Which of the following is the best for the te_t? AHigh GDP But Inadequate Well-being, a UK lesson BGDP figures, a Window on Global Economic Health C Robert F.Kennedy, a Terminator of GDP DBre_it, the UKs Gateway to Well-being 答案：31-35 DCDCA Te_t 4 In a rare

47、unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell.But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Role_ watch and a Ferrari Automobile from a pany seeking access to government.The high courts decision said the judge in Mr.McDonnells trail failed to tell a ju